Introduction to Sensors

介紹傳感器

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The Android sensor framework lets you access many types of sensors. Some of these sensors

are hardware-based and some are software-based. Hardware-based sensors are physical components built into a handset or tablet device. They derive their data by directly measuring specific environmental properties, such as acceleration, geomagnetic field strength, or angular change. Software-based sensors are not physical devices, although they mimic hardware-based sensors. Software-based sensors derive their data from one or more of the hardware-based sensors and are sometimes called virtual sensors or synthetic sensors. The linear acceleration sensor and the gravity sensor are examples of software-based sensors.

Android sensor framework 讓你使用多種傳感器。有基于硬件和基于軟件的?；谟布膫鞲衅魇莾?nèi)置于設(shè)備中的物理組件。它們直接測量具體的環(huán)境屬性來得出數(shù)據(jù)，例如加速度，地磁場強(qiáng)度，或者角的變化?；谲浖膫鞲衅髂悴皇俏锢碓O(shè)備，盡管它們模擬硬件傳感器。軟件探測器通過一個(gè)或者多個(gè)硬件傳感器來得出數(shù)據(jù)，有時(shí)稱為虛擬傳感器或者合成傳感器。線性加速度傳感器和重力傳感器是軟件傳感器的例子。

Table 1 summarizes the sensors that are supported by the Android platform.

表1 總結(jié)了android 平臺支持的傳感器。

Few Android-powered devices have every type of sensor. For example, most handset devices and tablets have an accelerometer and a magnetometer, but fewer devices have barometers or thermometers. Also, a device can have more than one sensor of a given type. For example, a device can have two gravity sensors, each one having a different range.

少有android 設(shè)備每種傳感器都有。例如，大部分手機(jī)設(shè)備和平板有一個(gè)加速計(jì)和一個(gè)磁力計(jì)，但是較少設(shè)備有氣壓計(jì)或溫度計(jì)。一個(gè)設(shè)備也可以有一個(gè)以上的同類傳感器，如果可以用兩個(gè)不同范圍的重力傳感器。

Table 1. Sensor types supported by the Android platform.

表1。Android 平臺支持的傳感器種類。

Sensor	Type	Description	Common Uses
TYPE_ACCELEROMETER	Hardware	Measures the acceleration force inm/s2 that is applied to a device on all three physical axes (x, y, and z), including the force of gravity. 測量在設(shè)備的三個(gè)軸的加速度，單位 m/s2 ，包括重力加速度	Motion detection (shake, tilt, etc.). 運(yùn)動(dòng)檢測
TYPE_AMBIENT_TEMPERATURE	Hardware	Measures the ambient room temperature in degrees Celsius (°C). See note below. 測量室溫，單位攝氏度(°C)	Monitoring air temperatures. 監(jiān)視空氣溫度
TYPE_GRAVITY	Software or Hardware	Measures the force of gravity in m/s2 that is applied to a device on all three physical axes (x, y, z). 測量在設(shè)備三個(gè)軸的重力加速度，單位m/s2 。	Motion detection (shake, tilt, etc.).
TYPE_GYROSCOPE	Hardware	Measures a device's rate of rotation in rad/s around each of the three physical axes (x, y, and z). 測量在設(shè)備三個(gè)軸上的角速度。單位rad/s	Rotation detection (spin, turn, etc.). 旋轉(zhuǎn)檢測
TYPE_LIGHT	Hardware	Measures the ambient light level (illumination) in lx. 測試環(huán)境亮度級，單位 lx	Controlling screen brightness. 控制屏幕亮度
TYPE_LINEAR_ACCELERATION	Software or Hardware	Measures the acceleration force in m/s2 that is applied to a device on all three physical axes (x, y, and z), excluding the force of gravity. 測量在設(shè)備三軸上的加速度，排除了重力。	Monitoring acceleration along a single axis. 檢測一個(gè)軸上的加速度
TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD	Hardware	Measures the ambient geomagnetic field for all three physical axes (x, y, z) in μT. 測量三軸的地磁場，單位μT	Creating a compass. 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)羅盤
TYPE_ORIENTATION	Software	Measures degrees of rotation that a device makes around all three physical axes (x, y, z).As of API level 3 you can obtain the inclination matrix and rotation matrix for  a device by using the gravity sensor and the geomagnetic field sensor in conjunction with the getRotationMatrix() method. 測量設(shè)備繞三軸轉(zhuǎn)的旋轉(zhuǎn)度。	Determining device position.
TYPE_PRESSURE	Hardware	Measures the ambient air pressure in hPa or mbar.測量氣壓	Monitoring air pressure changes.
TYPE_PROXIMITY	Hardware	Measures the proximity of an object in cm relative to the view screen of a device. This sensor is typically used to determine whether a handset is being held up to a person's ear.	Phone position during a call.
TYPE_RELATIVE_HUMIDITY	Hardware	Measures the relative ambient humidity in percent (%).	Monitoring dewpoint, absolute, and relative humidity.
TYPE_ROTATION_VECTOR	Software or Hardware	Measures the orientation of a device by providing the three elements of the device's    rotation vector.	Motion detection and rotation detection.
TYPE_TEMPERATURE	Hardware	Measures the temperature of the device in degrees Celsius (°C). This sensor implementation varies across devices and this sensor was replaced with the TYPE_AMBIENT_TEMPERATURE sensor in API Level 14	Monitoring temperatures.

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