服務(wù)器
前言
椒江網(wǎng)站建設(shè)公司創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)建站,椒江網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)制作,有大型網(wǎng)站制作公司豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)。已為椒江上1000家提供企業(yè)網(wǎng)站建設(shè)服務(wù)。企業(yè)網(wǎng)站搭建\外貿(mào)網(wǎng)站制作要多少錢,請(qǐng)找那個(gè)售后服務(wù)好的椒江做網(wǎng)站的公司定做!本文主要給大家介紹了關(guān)于Linux常用命令last用法的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,分享出來供大家參考學(xué)習(xí),話不多說,來一起看看詳細(xì)的介紹吧。
命令簡(jiǎn)介:
該命令用來列出目前與過去登錄系統(tǒng)的用戶相關(guān)信息。指令英文原義:show listing of last logged in users
執(zhí)行權(quán)限 :有些需要特殊權(quán)限
指令所在路徑:/usr/bin/last
執(zhí)行l(wèi)ast指令時(shí),它會(huì)讀取位于/var/log目錄下名稱為wtmp的文件,并把該給文件的內(nèi)容記錄的登錄系統(tǒng)的用戶名單全部顯示出來。默認(rèn)是顯示wtmp的記錄,btmp能顯示的更詳細(xì),可以顯示遠(yuǎn)程登錄,例如ssh登錄。
utmp文件中保存的是當(dāng)前正在本系統(tǒng)中的用戶的信息。
wtmp文件中保存的是登錄過本系統(tǒng)的用戶的信息。
命令輸出字段介紹:
第一列:用戶名
第二列:終端位置。pts/0 (偽終端) 意味著從諸如SSH或telnet的遠(yuǎn)程連接的用戶.tty (teletypewriter) 意味著直接連接到計(jì)算機(jī)或者本地連接的用戶
第三列:登錄ip或者內(nèi)核 。如果你看見:0.0 或者什么都沒有,這意味著用戶通過本地終端連接。除了重啟活動(dòng),內(nèi)核版本會(huì)顯示在狀態(tài)中。
第四列:開始時(shí)間
第五列:結(jié)束時(shí)間(still login in 還未退出 down 直到正常關(guān)機(jī) crash 直到強(qiáng)制關(guān)機(jī))
第六列:持續(xù)時(shí)間
命令語法:
last [-R] [-num] [ -n num ] [-adiowx] [ -f file ] [ -t YYYYMMDDHHMMSS ] [name...] [tty...]
命令參數(shù):
參數(shù)
長(zhǎng)參數(shù)
描敘
-a
將登錄系統(tǒng)的的主機(jī)名稱或IP地址,顯示在最后一行
-d
將IP地址轉(zhuǎn)換成主機(jī)名稱
-f
指定記錄文件,默認(rèn)是顯示/var/log目錄下的wtmp文件的記錄,但/var/log目錄下得btmp能顯示的內(nèi)容更豐富,可以顯示遠(yuǎn)程登錄,例如ssh登錄 ,包括失敗的登錄請(qǐng)求。
-i
-i顯示特定ip登錄的情況。跟蹤用 -i顯示特定ip登錄的情況。跟蹤用
-o
Read an old-type wtmp file (written by linux-libc5 applications).
-n
-n <顯示行數(shù)>或-<顯示行數(shù)> 設(shè)置顯示多少行記錄
-w
Display full user and domain names in the output
-R
不顯示登入系統(tǒng)的主機(jī)名稱或IP(省略 hostname 的欄位)
-t
顯示YYYYMMDDHHMMSS之前的信息
-x
顯示系統(tǒng)關(guān)閉、用戶登錄和退出的歷史
使用示例:
1:查看last命令的幫助信息
[root@DB-Server ~]# man last [root@DB-Server ~]# last -h last: invalid option -- h Usage: last [-num | -n num] [-f file] [-t YYYYMMDDHHMMSS] [-R] [-x] [-o] [-w] [username..] [tty..]
2:顯示最后登錄系統(tǒng)的N條記錄
[root@DB-Server ~]#last -10 root pts/1 :0.0 Wed Dec 18 09:54 still logged in root pts/4 :0.0 Wed Dec 18 09:43 - 09:48 (00:04) root pts/1 :0.0 Wed Dec 18 09:43 - 09:48 (00:05) root pts/3 192.168.103.79 Wed Dec 18 09:41 - 12:40 (02:59) root pts/4 :0.0 Wed Dec 18 09:28 - 09:30 (00:01) root pts/3 :0.0 Wed Dec 18 09:27 - 09:30 (00:02) root pts/2 192.168.103.29 Wed Dec 18 09:27 still logged in root pts/1 :0.0 Wed Dec 18 09:27 - 09:42 (00:15) root pts/2 :0.0 Wed Dec 18 09:23 - 09:25 (00:01) root pts/1 :0.0 Wed Dec 18 09:22 - 09:25 (00:02) wtmp begins Wed Dec 11 03:02:17 2013 [root@DB-Server ~]# last -n 10 root pts/1 :0.0 Wed Dec 18 09:54 still logged in root pts/4 :0.0 Wed Dec 18 09:43 - 09:48 (00:04) root pts/1 :0.0 Wed Dec 18 09:43 - 09:48 (00:05) root pts/3 192.168.103.79 Wed Dec 18 09:41 - 12:40 (02:59) root pts/4 :0.0 Wed Dec 18 09:28 - 09:30 (00:01) root pts/3 :0.0 Wed Dec 18 09:27 - 09:30 (00:02) root pts/2 192.168.103.29 Wed Dec 18 09:27 still logged in root pts/1 :0.0 Wed Dec 18 09:27 - 09:42 (00:15) root pts/2 :0.0 Wed Dec 18 09:23 - 09:25 (00:01) root pts/1 :0.0 Wed Dec 18 09:22 - 09:25 (00:02) wtmp begins Wed Dec 11 03:02:17 2013
3:將登錄系統(tǒng)的主機(jī)名或IP地址顯示在最后一行
[root@DB-Server ~]# last -10 -a root pts/1 Wed Dec 18 09:54 still logged in :0.0 root pts/4 Wed Dec 18 09:43 - 09:48 (00:04) :0.0 root pts/1 Wed Dec 18 09:43 - 09:48 (00:05) :0.0 root pts/3 Wed Dec 18 09:41 - 12:40 (02:59) 192.168.103.79 root pts/4 Wed Dec 18 09:28 - 09:30 (00:01) :0.0 root pts/3 Wed Dec 18 09:27 - 09:30 (00:02) :0.0 root pts/2 Wed Dec 18 09:27 still logged in 192.168.103.29 root pts/1 Wed Dec 18 09:27 - 09:42 (00:15) :0.0 root pts/2 Wed Dec 18 09:23 - 09:25 (00:01) :0.0 root pts/1 Wed Dec 18 09:22 - 09:25 (00:02) :0.0 wtmp begins Wed Dec 11 03:02:17 2013
4:不顯示登入系統(tǒng)的主機(jī)名稱或IP地址
[root@DB-Server ~]# last -10 -R root pts/1 Wed Dec 18 09:54 still logged in root pts/4 Wed Dec 18 09:43 - 09:48 (00:04) root pts/1 Wed Dec 18 09:43 - 09:48 (00:05) root pts/3 Wed Dec 18 09:41 - 12:40 (02:59) root pts/4 Wed Dec 18 09:28 - 09:30 (00:01) root pts/3 Wed Dec 18 09:27 - 09:30 (00:02) root pts/2 Wed Dec 18 09:27 still logged in root pts/1 Wed Dec 18 09:27 - 09:42 (00:15) root pts/2 Wed Dec 18 09:23 - 09:25 (00:01) root pts/1 Wed Dec 18 09:22 - 09:25 (00:02) wtmp begins Wed Dec 11 03:02:17 2013
5: 指定/var/log/btmp文件,查看登錄系統(tǒng)的用戶相關(guān)信息
[root@DB-Server ~]# last -n 10 -f /var/log/btmp root ssh:notty 192.168.136.163 Fri Oct 17 18:16 gone - no logout root ssh:notty 192.168.136.163 Fri Oct 17 09:50 - 18:16 (08:26) root ssh:notty 192.168.136.163 Fri Oct 17 09:50 - 09:50 (00:00) root ssh:notty 192.168.40.218 Tue Jul 23 17:40 - 09:50 (450+16:10) root ssh:notty 192.168.236.149 Sun Apr 14 01:34 - 17:40 (100+16:05) root ssh:notty 192.168.178.147 Fri Mar 8 17:25 - 01:34 (36+08:08) tomcat ssh:notty get185806.gfg1.e Fri Oct 26 16:48 - 17:25 (133+00:37) root ssh:notty 192.168.193.3 Mon Oct 22 18:13 - 16:48 (3+22:34) root ssh:notty 192.168.193.3 Mon Oct 22 18:13 - 18:13 (00:00) devloper ssh:notty get185819.gfg1.e Wed Oct 17 17:22 - 18:13 (5+00:50) btmp begins Thu Apr 12 14:30:06 2012
6: 將IP地址轉(zhuǎn)換成主機(jī)名稱
last -10 -d
7: 顯示YYYYMMDDHHMMSS(20150110093000)之前的信息
[root@DB-Server ~]# last -10 -t 20150110093000 root pts/2 192.168.102.186 Fri Jan 9 15:35 - 17:27 (01:52) root pts/2 192.168.102.134 Thu Jan 8 10:25 - 12:27 (02:02) root pts/3 192.168.125.53 Tue Jan 6 23:59 - 00:09 (00:09) root pts/2 192.168.125.53 Tue Jan 6 23:45 - 00:09 (00:23) root pts/3 192.168.102.88 Tue Jan 6 15:23 - 16:20 (00:57) root pts/2 192.168.102.88 Tue Jan 6 15:08 - 17:25 (02:16) oracle pts/1 :2.0 Tue Jan 6 15:07 still logged in reboot system boot 2.6.32-200.13.1. Tue Jan 6 15:07 (7+20:21) root pts/2 192.168.102.88 Tue Jan 6 14:47 - down (00:17) oracle pts/1 :2.0 Tue Jan 6 14:46 - down (00:18) wtmp begins Wed Apr 11 16:31:10 2012
總結(jié)
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