這篇文章主要介紹Ubuntu中MySQL的參數(shù)文件my.cnf有什么用,文中介紹的非常詳細(xì),具有一定的參考價(jià)值,感興趣的小伙伴們一定要看完!
讓客戶(hù)滿意是我們工作的目標(biāo),不斷超越客戶(hù)的期望值來(lái)自于我們對(duì)這個(gè)行業(yè)的熱愛(ài)。我們立志把好的技術(shù)通過(guò)有效、簡(jiǎn)單的方式提供給客戶(hù),將通過(guò)不懈努力成為客戶(hù)在信息化領(lǐng)域值得信任、有價(jià)值的長(zhǎng)期合作伙伴,公司提供的服務(wù)項(xiàng)目有:空間域名、網(wǎng)站空間、營(yíng)銷(xiāo)軟件、網(wǎng)站建設(shè)、長(zhǎng)海網(wǎng)站維護(hù)、網(wǎng)站推廣。前言
對(duì)于MySQL的理解,我認(rèn)為很多性能優(yōu)化工作、主從主主復(fù)制都是在調(diào)整參數(shù),來(lái)適應(yīng)不同時(shí)期不同數(shù)量級(jí)的數(shù)據(jù)。
故,理解透徹my.cnf里的參數(shù)是永恒的話題;只有理解透徹了參數(shù)設(shè)置,才能在某些方面對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行調(diào)優(yōu)。
前幾天剛接手一個(gè)MySQL數(shù)據(jù),操作系統(tǒng)為Ubuntu 16.04.5 LTS, 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)版本為5.7.23-0ubuntu0.16.04.1(APT方式安裝的MySQL)。這個(gè)操作系統(tǒng)下的MySQL的配置文件my.cnf很多地方都讓人有點(diǎn)不適應(yīng)(跟之前的MySQL環(huán)境有些出入,之前都是維護(hù)RHEL、CentOS等操作系統(tǒng)環(huán)境下的MySQL)。
遂研究總結(jié)了一下。具體如下所示:
root@mylnx12:~# find / -name "my.cnf" /etc/alternatives/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/my.cnf root@mylnx12:~# locate my.cnf /etc/alternatives/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback /var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/my.cnf root@mylnx12:~# mysql --help | grep my.cnf order of preference, my.cnf, $MYSQL_TCP_PORT, /etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf root@mylnx12:~# mysqld --verbose --help | grep -A 1 'Default options' Default options are read from the following files in the given order: /etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf
從上面這些信息判斷,MySQL的參數(shù)文件為/etc/mysql/my.cnf, 但是其他幾個(gè)my.cnf又是什么情況呢?
root@mylnx12:~# ls -lrt /etc/alternatives/my.cnf lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 Sep 28 16:28 /etc/alternatives/my.cnf -> /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf
從上面信息可以看出,/etc/alternatives/my.cnf 其實(shí)是一個(gè)軟連接,指向參數(shù)文件/etc/mysql/mysql.cnf
root@mylnx12:~# cat /var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/my.cnf auto /etc/mysql/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback 100 /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf 200
光從上面這些信息,我們還看不出/var/lib/dpkg/alternatives/my.cnf與其它配置文件my.cnf是什么關(guān)系。那么我們先來(lái)看看參數(shù)文件/etc/mysql/my.cnf,從下面信息,可以看出“/etc/mysql/my.cnf”是全局配置,“~/.my.cnf”隱藏文件是個(gè)人用戶(hù)設(shè)置.
root@mylnx12:~# cat /etc/mysql/my.cnf # # The MySQL database server configuration file. # # You can copy this to one of: # - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options, # - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options. # # One can use all long options that the program supports. # Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with # --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use. # # For explanations see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html # # * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file! # The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored. # !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/ !includedir /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/
但是/etc/mysql/my.cnf參數(shù)文件下面沒(méi)有任何參數(shù)設(shè)置,只看到下面兩行設(shè)置,表示導(dǎo)入這兩個(gè)目錄里面的配置文件。
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
#表示包含/etc/mysql/conf.d/這個(gè)路徑下面的配置文件,前提是必須以為.cnf為后綴
!includedir /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/
#表示包含/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/這個(gè)路徑下面的配置文件,前提是必須以為.cnf為后綴
其實(shí)MySQL的相關(guān)配置都位于mysqld.cnf(/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf)下面。使用相關(guān)參數(shù)測(cè)試了一下,確實(shí)都能生效。這種設(shè)置確實(shí)有點(diǎn)讓剛接觸的人有點(diǎn)不適應(yīng)。暫時(shí)先總結(jié)到此!
root@mylnx12:~# cd /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/ root@mylnx12:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d# ls -lrt total 8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 21 Feb 4 2017 mysqld_safe_syslog.cnf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3148 Oct 6 23:34 mysqld.cnf root@mylnx12:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d# cat mysqld.cnf # # The MySQL database server configuration file. # # You can copy this to one of: # - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options, # - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options. # # One can use all long options that the program supports. # Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with # --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use. # # For explanations see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html # This will be passed to all mysql clients # It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes # escpecially if they contain "#" chars... # Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location. # Here is entries for some specific programs # The following values assume you have at least 32M ram [mysqld_safe] socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock nice = 0 [mysqld] # # * Basic Settings # user = mysql pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /var/lib/mysql tmpdir = /tmp lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql skip-external-locking log_bin = mylnx12_bin server_id = 0 character-set-server=utf8mb4 collation-server=utf8mb4_general_ci # # Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on # localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure. bind-address = 10.21.6.7 # # * Fine Tuning # key_buffer_size = 16M max_allowed_packet = 100M thread_stack = 192K thread_cache_size = 8 # This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed # the first time they are touched myisam-recover-options = BACKUP #max_connections = 100 #table_cache = 64 #thread_concurrency = 10 # # * Query Cache Configuration # query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_size = 16M # # * Logging and Replication # # Both location gets rotated by the cronjob. # Be aware that this log type is a performance killer. # As of 5.1 you can enable the log at runtime! #general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log #general_log = 1 # # Error log - should be very few entries. # log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log # # Here you can see queries with especially long duration #log_slow_queries = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log #long_query_time = 2 #log-queries-not-using-indexes # # The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication. # note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about # other settings you may need to change. #server-id = 1 #log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 100M #binlog_do_db = include_database_name #binlog_ignore_db = include_database_name # # * InnoDB # # InnoDB is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/. # Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many! # # * Security Features # # Read the manual, too, if you want chroot! # chroot = /var/lib/mysql/ # # For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca". # # ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem # ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem #: ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem
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