我們已經(jīng)知道如何進(jìn)入rman,并連接到需要備份的數(shù)據(jù)庫上。那么如何使用rman備份,以及rman能備份哪些東西呢?
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備份表空間
備份數(shù)據(jù)文件
需要說明的一點(diǎn)時(shí),RMAN無法備份臨時(shí)文件。其實(shí)道理很簡(jiǎn)單,臨時(shí)文件根本沒有必要備份。
RMAN> backup datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/temp01.dbf'; Starting backup at 2015/07/08 02:02:24 using channel ORA_DISK_1 RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS =============== RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-03002: failure of backup command at 07/08/2015 02:02:24 RMAN-20201: datafile not found in the recovery catalog RMAN-06010: error while looking up datafile: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/temp01.dbf RMAN> backup tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/temp01.dbf'; RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS =============== RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-00558: error encountered while parsing input commands RMAN-01009: syntax error: found "tempfile": expecting one of: "archivelog, as, auxiliary, backupset, backup, channel, check, controlfilecopy, copies, copy, cumulative, current, database, datafilecopy, datafile, db_file_name_convert, db_recovery_file_dest, device, diskratio, duration, filesperset, force, format, for, from, full, incremental, keep, maxsetsize, nochecksum, noexclude, nokeep, not, pool, proxy, recovery, reuse, section, skip readonly, skip, spfile, tablespace, tag, to, validate, (" RMAN-01007: at line 1 column 8 file: standard input備份控制文件
手工備份控制文件
2. INCLUDE CURRENT CONTROLFILE
RMAN> BACKUP DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbf' INCLUDE CURRENT CONTROLFILE; Starting backup at 2015/07/08 02:13:22 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/08 02:13:22 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/08 02:13:29 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_08/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150708T021322_bsr5p2of_.bkp tag=TAG20150708T021322 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set including current control file in backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/08 02:13:30 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/08 02:13:31 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_08/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20150708T021322_bsr5pbv3_.bkp tag=TAG20150708T021322 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 2015/07/08 02:13:31無論進(jìn)行什么備份,只要在備份語句后面加上INCLUDE CURRENT CONTROLFILE,RMAN就會(huì)自動(dòng)備份controlfile 。
3. 通過配置RMAN的參數(shù),讓rman無論在做了何種備份時(shí)都會(huì)自動(dòng)備份controlfile。
RMAN> SHOW CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP; RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name DEVDB are: CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; new RMAN configuration parameters: CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored RMAN> BACKUP DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/undotbs01.dbf'; Starting backup at 2015/07/08 02:18:38 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/undotbs01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/08 02:18:38 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/08 02:18:39 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_08/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150708T021838_bsr5zyb4_.bkp tag=TAG20150708T021838 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 2015/07/08 02:18:39 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2015/07/08 02:18:39 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/autobackup/2015_07_08/o1_mf_s_884485119_bsr5zzrp_.bkp comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2015/07/08 02:18:40設(shè)置了CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON后,rman不光自動(dòng)備份控制文件,連spfile也一同被備份。
如果你仔細(xì)留意備份時(shí)打印的信息,你就是會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)我們執(zhí)行backup database時(shí),即便CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP設(shè)置成off。rman也會(huì)自動(dòng)備份控制文件和spfile。因?yàn)槟J(rèn)情況下,rman把controlfile與spfile當(dāng)成是數(shù)據(jù)庫的一部分。
備份歸檔日志
執(zhí)行backup archivelog命令
2. 執(zhí)行backup命令時(shí),添加plus archivelog子句。
RMAN> backup database plus archivelog; Starting backup at 2015/07/08 02:41:08 current log archived using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set input archived log thread=1 sequence=16 RECID=7 STAMP=884486041 input archived log thread=1 sequence=17 RECID=8 STAMP=884486144 input archived log thread=1 sequence=18 RECID=9 STAMP=884486148 input archived log thread=1 sequence=19 RECID=10 STAMP=884486151 input archived log thread=1 sequence=20 RECID=11 STAMP=884486169 input archived log thread=1 sequence=21 RECID=12 STAMP=884486468 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/08 02:41:08 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/08 02:41:09 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_08/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150708T024108_bsr7b4wr_.bkp tag=TAG20150708T024108 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 2015/07/08 02:41:09 Starting backup at 2015/07/08 02:41:09 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbf input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/sysaux01.dbf input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbf input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/undotbs01.dbf input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/idx01.dbf input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/08 02:41:10 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/08 02:42:05 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_08/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150708T024110_bsr7b68z_.bkp tag=TAG20150708T024110 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55 Finished backup at 2015/07/08 02:42:05 Starting backup at 2015/07/08 02:42:05 current log archived using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set input archived log thread=1 sequence=22 RECID=13 STAMP=884486525 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/08 02:42:05 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/08 02:42:06 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_08/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150708T024205_bsr7cxsd_.bkp tag=TAG20150708T024205 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 2015/07/08 02:42:06 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2015/07/08 02:42:06 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/autobackup/2015_07_08/o1_mf_s_884486526_bsr7cz3l_.bkp comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2015/07/08 02:42:07這種方式與上種有什么區(qū)別呢,區(qū)別太明顯了,BACKUP.....PLUS ARCHIVELOG命令在備份過程中會(huì)依次執(zhí)行下列步驟:
1>.運(yùn)行ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT語句對(duì)當(dāng)前redolog進(jìn)行歸檔。
2>.執(zhí)行BACKUP ARCHIVELOG ALL命令備份所有已歸檔日志。
3>.執(zhí)行BACKUP命令對(duì)指定項(xiàng)進(jìn)行備份。
4>.再次運(yùn)行ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT對(duì)當(dāng)前redolog歸檔。
5>.對(duì)新生成的尚未備份的歸檔文件進(jìn)行備份。
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