Java圖像處理技巧四則
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下面代碼中用到的sourceImage是一個已經(jīng)存在的Image對象
圖像剪切
對于一個已經(jīng)存在的Image對象,要得到它的一個局部圖像,可以使用下面的步驟:
//import java.awt.*;
//import java.awt.image.*;
Image croppedImage;
ImageFilter cropFilter;
CropFilter =new CropImageFilter(25,30,75,75); //四個參數(shù)分別為圖像起點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)和寬高,即CropImageFilter(int x,int y,int width,int height),詳細(xì)情況請參考API
CroppedImage= Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().createImage(new FilteredImageSource(sourceImage.getSource(),cropFilter));
如果是在Component的子類中使用,可以將上面的Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().去掉。FilteredImageSource是一個ImageProducer對象。
圖像縮放
對于一個已經(jīng)存在的Image對象,得到它的一個縮放的Image對象可以使用Image的getScaledInstance方法:
Image scaledImage=sourceImage. getScaledInstance(100,100, Image.SCALE_DEFAULT); //得到一個100X100的圖像
Image doubledImage=sourceImage. getScaledInstance(sourceImage.getWidth(this)*2,sourceImage.getHeight(this)*2, Image.SCALE_DEFAULT); //得到一個放大兩倍的圖像,這個程序一般在一個swing的組件中使用,而類Jcomponent實(shí)現(xiàn)了圖像觀察者接口ImageObserver,所有可以使用this。
//其它情況請參考API
灰度變換
下面的程序使用三種方法對一個彩色圖像進(jìn)行灰度變換,變換的效果都不一樣。一般而言,灰度變換的算法是將象素的三個顏色分量使用R*0.3+G*0.59+ B*0.11得到灰度值,然后將之賦值給紅綠藍(lán),這樣顏色取得的效果就是灰度的。另一種就是取紅綠藍(lán)三色中的最大值作為灰度值。java核心包也有一種算法,但是沒有看源代碼,不知道具體算法是什么樣的,效果和上述不同。
/* GrayFilter.java*/
/*@author:cherami */
/*email:cherami@163點(diǎn)虐 */
import java.awt.image.*;
public class GrayFilter extends RGBImageFilter {
int modelStyle;
public GrayFilter() {
modelStyle=GrayModel.CS_MAX;
canFilterIndexColorModel=true;
}
public GrayFilter(int style) {
modelStyle=style;
canFilterIndexColorModel=true;
}
public void setColorModel(ColorModel cm) {
if (modelStyle==GrayModel
else if (modelStyle==GrayModel
}
public int filterRGB(int x,int y,int pixel) {
return pixel;
}
}
/* GrayModel.java*/
/*@author:cherami */
/*email:cherami@163點(diǎn)虐 */
import java.awt.image.*;
public class GrayModel extends ColorModel {
public static final int CS_MAX=0;
public static final int CS_FLOAT=1;
ColorModel sourceModel;
int modelStyle;
public GrayModel(ColorModel sourceModel) {
super(sourceModel.getPixelSize());
this.sourceModel=sourceModel;
modelStyle=0;
}
public GrayModel(ColorModel sourceModel,int style) {
super(sourceModel.getPixelSize());
this.sourceModel=sourceModel;
modelStyle=style;
}
public void setGrayStyle(int style) {
modelStyle=style;
}
protected int getGrayLevel(int pixel) {
if (modelStyle==CS_MAX) {
return Math.max(sourceModel.getRed(pixel),Math.max(sourceModel.getGreen(pixel),sourceModel.getBlue(pixel)));
}
else if (modelStyle==CS_FLOAT){
return (int)(sourceModel.getRed(pixel)*0.3+sourceModel.getGreen(pixel)*0.59+sourceModel.getBlue(pixel)*0.11);
}
else {
return 0;
}
}
public int getAlpha(int pixel) {
return sourceModel.getAlpha(pixel);
}
public int getRed(int pixel) {
return getGrayLevel(pixel);
}
public int getGreen(int pixel) {
return getGrayLevel(pixel);
}
public int getBlue(int pixel) {
return getGrayLevel(pixel);
}
public int getRGB(int pixel) {
int gray=getGrayLevel(pixel);
return (getAlpha(pixel)24)+(gray16)+(gray8)+gray;
}
}
如果你有自己的算法或者想取得特殊的效果,你可以修改類GrayModel的方法getGrayLevel()。
色彩變換
根據(jù)上面的原理,我們也可以實(shí)現(xiàn)色彩變換,這樣的效果就很多了。下面是一個反轉(zhuǎn)變換的例子:
/* ReverseColorModel.java*/
/*@author:cherami */
/*email:cherami@163點(diǎn)虐 */
import java.awt.image.*;
public class ReverseColorModel extends ColorModel {
ColorModel sourceModel;
public ReverseColorModel(ColorModel sourceModel) {
super(sourceModel.getPixelSize());
this.sourceModel=sourceModel;
}
public int getAlpha(int pixel) {
return sourceModel.getAlpha(pixel);
}
public int getRed(int pixel) {
return ~sourceModel.getRed(pixel);
}
public int getGreen(int pixel) {
return ~sourceModel.getGreen(pixel);
}
public int getBlue(int pixel) {
return ~sourceModel.getBlue(pixel);
}
public int getRGB(int pixel) {
return (getAlpha(pixel)24)+(getRed(pixel)16)+(getGreen(pixel)8)+getBlue(pixel);
}
}
/* ReverseColorModel.java*/
/*@author:cherami */
/*email:cherami@163點(diǎn)虐 */
import java.awt.image.*;
public class ReverseFilter extends RGBImageFilter {
public ReverseFilter() {
canFilterIndexColorModel=true;
}
public void setColorModel(ColorModel cm) {
substituteColorModel(cm,new ReverseColorModel(cm));
}
public int filterRGB(int x,int y,int pixel) {
return pixel;
}
}
要想取得自己的效果,需要修改ReverseColorModel.java中的三個方法,getRed、getGreen、getBlue。
下面是上面的效果的一個總的演示程序。
/*GrayImage.java*/
/*@author:cherami */
/*email:cherami@163點(diǎn)虐 */
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.color.*;
public class GrayImage extends JFrame{
Image source,gray,gray3,clip,bigimg;
BufferedImage bimg,gray2;
GrayFilter filter,filter2;
ImageIcon ii;
ImageFilter cropFilter;
int iw,ih;
public GrayImage() {
ii=new ImageIcon(\"images/11.gif\");
source=ii.getImage();
iw=source.getWidth(this);
ih=source.getHeight(this);
filter=new GrayFilter();
filter2=new GrayFilter(GrayModel.CS_FLOAT);
gray=createImage(new FilteredImageSource(source.getSource(),filter));
gray3=createImage(new FilteredImageSource(source.getSource(),filter2));
cropFilter=new CropImageFilter(5,5,iw-5,ih-5);
clip=createImage(new FilteredImageSource(source.getSource(),cropFilter));
bigimg=source.getScaledInstance(iw*2,ih*2,Image.SCALE_DEFAULT);
MediaTracker mt=new MediaTracker(this);
mt.addImage(gray,0);
try {
mt.waitForAll();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
找到了,很久以前寫的一個簡單畫圖,呵呵~當(dāng)時要求用AWT寫,很難受。
package net.miqiang.gui;
import java.awt.BasicStroke;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Button;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Cursor;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.Label;
import java.awt.Panel;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
/**
* 簡單畫圖板程序
* 好久沒用 AWT 了,寫起來真別扭,如果用 swing 會很舒服,有空再改寫吧。
*
* @author 米強(qiáng)
*
*/
public class TestMain extends Frame {
// 畫板
private Palette palette = null;
// 顯示當(dāng)前顏色的面板
private Panel nonceColor = null;
// 畫筆粗細(xì)
private Label drawWidth = null;
// 畫筆端點(diǎn)的裝飾
private Label drawCap = null;
// 選取顏色按鈕的監(jiān)聽事件類
private ButtonColorAction buttonColorAction = null;
// 鼠標(biāo)進(jìn)入按鈕后光標(biāo)樣式的監(jiān)聽事件類
private ButtonCursor buttonCursor = null;
// 畫筆樣式的監(jiān)聽事件
private ButtonStrokeAction buttonStrokeAction = null;
/**
* 構(gòu)造方法
*
*/
public TestMain() {
// 設(shè)置標(biāo)題欄文字
super("簡易畫圖板");
// 構(gòu)造一個畫圖板
palette = new Palette();
Panel pane = new Panel(new GridLayout(2, 1));
// 畫筆顏色選擇器
Panel paneColor = new Panel(new GridLayout(1, 13));
// 12 個顏色選擇按鈕
Button [] buttonColor = new Button[12];
Color [] color = {Color.black, Color.blue, Color.cyan, Color.darkGray, Color.gray, Color.green, Color.magenta, Color.orange, Color.pink, Color.red, Color.white, Color.yellow};
// 顯示當(dāng)前顏色的面板
nonceColor = new Panel();
nonceColor.setBackground(Color.black);
paneColor.add(nonceColor);
buttonColorAction = new ButtonColorAction();
buttonCursor = new ButtonCursor();
for(int i = 0; i buttonColor.length; i++){
buttonColor[i] = new Button();
buttonColor[i].setBackground(color[i]);
buttonColor[i].addActionListener(buttonColorAction);
buttonColor[i].addMouseListener(buttonCursor);
paneColor.add(buttonColor[i]);
}
pane.add(paneColor);
// 畫筆顏色選擇器
Panel paneStroke = new Panel(new GridLayout(1, 13));
// 控制畫筆樣式
buttonStrokeAction = new ButtonStrokeAction();
Button [] buttonStroke = new Button[11];
buttonStroke[0] = new Button("1");
buttonStroke[1] = new Button("3");
buttonStroke[2] = new Button("5");
buttonStroke[3] = new Button("7");
buttonStroke[4] = new Button("9");
buttonStroke[5] = new Button("11");
buttonStroke[6] = new Button("13");
buttonStroke[7] = new Button("15");
buttonStroke[8] = new Button("17");
buttonStroke[9] = new Button("■");
buttonStroke[10] = new Button("●");
drawWidth = new Label("3", Label.CENTER);
drawCap = new Label("●", Label.CENTER);
drawWidth.setBackground(Color.lightGray);
drawCap.setBackground(Color.lightGray);
paneStroke.add(drawWidth);
for(int i = 0; i buttonStroke.length; i++){
paneStroke.add(buttonStroke[i]);
buttonStroke[i].addMouseListener(buttonCursor);
buttonStroke[i].addActionListener(buttonStrokeAction);
if(i = 8){
buttonStroke[i].setName("width");
}else{
buttonStroke[i].setName("cap");
}
if(i == 8){
paneStroke.add(drawCap);
}
}
pane.add(paneStroke);
// 將畫筆顏色選擇器添加到窗體中
this.add(pane, BorderLayout.NORTH);
// 將畫圖板添加到窗體中
this.add(palette);
// 添加窗口監(jiān)聽,點(diǎn)擊關(guān)閉按鈕時退出程序
this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
// 設(shè)置窗體 ICON 圖標(biāo)
this.setIconImage(Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().createImage("images/palette.png"));
// 設(shè)置窗口的大小
this.setSize(new Dimension(400, 430));
// 設(shè)置窗口位置,處于屏幕正中央
this.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
// 顯示窗口
this.setVisible(true);
}
/**
* 程序入口
*
* @param args
* 字符串?dāng)?shù)組參數(shù)
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestMain();
}
/**
* 選取顏色按鈕的監(jiān)聽事件類
* @author 米強(qiáng)
*
*/
class ButtonColorAction implements ActionListener {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
Color color_temp = ((Button)e.getSource()).getBackground();
nonceColor.setBackground(color_temp);
palette.setColor(color_temp);
}
}
/**
* 鼠標(biāo)進(jìn)入按鈕變換光標(biāo)樣式監(jiān)聽事件類
* @author 米強(qiáng)
*
*/
class ButtonCursor extends MouseAdapter {
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) {
((Button)e.getSource()).setCursor(new Cursor(Cursor.HAND_CURSOR));
}
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) {
((Button)e.getSource()).setCursor(new Cursor(Cursor.DEFAULT_CURSOR));
}
}
/**
* 設(shè)置畫筆的監(jiān)聽事件類
* @author 米強(qiáng)
*
*/
class ButtonStrokeAction implements ActionListener {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
Button button_temp = (Button) e.getSource();
String name = button_temp.getName();
if(name.equalsIgnoreCase("width")){
drawWidth.setText(button_temp.getLabel());
palette.setStroke(Float.parseFloat(button_temp.getLabel()));
}else if(name.equalsIgnoreCase("cap")){
drawCap.setText(button_temp.getLabel());
if(button_temp.getLabel().equals("■")){
palette.setStroke(BasicStroke.CAP_SQUARE);
}else if(button_temp.getLabel().equals("●")){
palette.setStroke(BasicStroke.CAP_ROUND);
}
}
}
}
}
/**
* 畫板類
*
* @author 米強(qiáng)
*
*/
class Palette extends Panel implements MouseListener, MouseMotionListener {
// 鼠標(biāo) X 坐標(biāo)的位置
private int mouseX = 0;
// 上一次 X 坐標(biāo)位置
private int oldMouseX = 0;
// 鼠標(biāo) Y 坐標(biāo)的位置
private int mouseY = 0;
// 上一次 Y 坐標(biāo)位置
private int oldMouseY = 0;
// 畫圖顏色
private Color color = null;
// 畫筆樣式
private BasicStroke stroke = null;
// 緩存圖形
private BufferedImage image = null;
/**
* 構(gòu)造一個畫板類
*
*/
public Palette() {
this.addMouseListener(this);
this.addMouseMotionListener(this);
// 默認(rèn)黑色畫筆
color = new Color(0, 0, 0);
// 設(shè)置默認(rèn)畫筆樣式
stroke = new BasicStroke(3.0f, BasicStroke.CAP_ROUND, BasicStroke.JOIN_ROUND);
// 建立 1280 * 1024 的 RGB 緩存圖象
image = new BufferedImage(1280, 1024, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
// 設(shè)置顏色
image.getGraphics().setColor(Color.white);
// 畫背景
image.getGraphics().fillRect(0, 0, 1280, 1024);
}
/**
* 重寫 paint 繪圖方法
*/
public void paint(Graphics g) {
super.paint(g);
// 轉(zhuǎn)換為 Graphics2D
Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;
// 獲取緩存圖形 Graphics2D
Graphics2D bg = image.createGraphics();
// 圖形抗鋸齒
bg.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
// 設(shè)置繪圖顏色
bg.setColor(color);
// 設(shè)置畫筆樣式
bg.setStroke(stroke);
// 畫線,從上一個點(diǎn)到新的點(diǎn)
bg.drawLine(oldMouseX, oldMouseY, mouseX, mouseY);
// 將緩存中的圖形畫到畫板上
g2d.drawImage(image, 0, 0, this);
}
/**
* 重寫 update 方法
*/
public void update(Graphics g) {
this.paint(g);
}
/**
* @return stroke
*/
public BasicStroke getStroke() {
return stroke;
}
/**
* @param stroke 要設(shè)置的 stroke
*/
public void setStroke(BasicStroke stroke) {
this.stroke = stroke;
}
/**
* 設(shè)置畫筆粗細(xì)
* @param width
*/
public void setStroke(float width) {
this.stroke = new BasicStroke(width, stroke.getEndCap(), stroke.getLineJoin());
}
/**
* 設(shè)置畫筆端點(diǎn)的裝飾
* @param cap 參考 java.awt.BasicStroke 類靜態(tài)字段
*/
public void setStroke(int cap) {
this.stroke = new BasicStroke(stroke.getLineWidth(), cap, stroke.getLineJoin());
}
/**
* @return color
*/
public Color getColor() {
return color;
}
/**
* @param color 要設(shè)置的 color
*/
public void setColor(Color color) {
this.color = color;
}
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent mouseEvent) {
}
/**
* 鼠標(biāo)按下
*/
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent mouseEvent) {
this.oldMouseX = this.mouseX = mouseEvent.getX();
this.oldMouseY = this.mouseY = mouseEvent.getY();
repaint();
}
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent mouseEvent) {
}
/**
* 鼠標(biāo)進(jìn)入棋盤
*/
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent mouseEvent) {
this.setCursor(new Cursor(Cursor.CROSSHAIR_CURSOR));
}
/**
* 鼠標(biāo)退出棋盤
*/
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent mouseEvent) {
this.setCursor(new Cursor(Cursor.DEFAULT_CURSOR));
}
/**
* 鼠標(biāo)拖動
*/
public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent mouseEvent) {
this.oldMouseX = this.mouseX;
this.oldMouseY = this.mouseY;
this.mouseX = mouseEvent.getX();
this.mouseY = mouseEvent.getY();
repaint();
}
public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent mouseEvent) {
}
}
參考代碼,
注意圖片的路徑,拿不準(zhǔn)的話,就使用絕對路徑吧
import?java.awt.*;
import?java.awt.event.*;
import?javax.swing.*;
//我的圖片路徑是?src\\images\\1.gif??.有四張?從1.jpg~~4.jpg
public?class?ImageDemo?extends?JFrame?{
JLabel?jl;
JPanel?jp;
public?ImageDemo()?{
jp?=?new?JPanel();
int?i;
for?(i?=?0;?i??4;?i++)?{
if(i?==0){//初始化的時候,默認(rèn)顯示的圖片
jl?=?new?JLabel(new?ImageIcon("src\\images\\"+1+".gif"));
}
//按鈕
JButton?jb?=?new?JButton("第"+(i+1)+"張圖");
int?z?=?i;
//當(dāng)按鈕點(diǎn)擊的時候
jb.addActionListener(new?ActionListener()?{
@Override
public?void?actionPerformed(ActionEvent?e)?{
//設(shè)置jl的圖片
jl.setIcon(new?ImageIcon("src\\images\\"+(z+1)+".gif"));
}
});
jp.add(jb);
}
this.setLocation(200,?120);
this.setSize(500,200);
this.setLayout(new?BorderLayout());
this.add(jl);
this.add(jp,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
this.setTitle("圖片瀏覽");
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
this.setVisible(true);
}
public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?{
new?ImageDemo();
}
}