在Oracle Linux 7.1中安裝Mariadb 10.0.38，因為Mariadb是Mysql的分支，安裝操作基本類似。
1.首先下載安裝介質mariadb-10.0.38-linux-glibc_214-x86.tar.gz 并將其上傳到服務器的/soft目錄
2.創(chuàng)建用戶與用戶組
[root@cs1 soft]# groupadd mysql
[root@cs1 soft]# useradd -g mysql mysql
3.將介質解壓到/usr/local/目錄下
[root@cs1 soft]# cd /usr/local
[root@cs1 local]# gunzip < /soft/mariadb-10.0.38-linux-glibc_214-x86.tar.gz | tar xvf -
mariadb-10.0.38-linux-glibc_214-x86/
mariadb-10.0.38-linux-glibc_214-x86/man/
mariadb-10.0.38-linux-glibc_214-x86/man/man8/
mariadb-10.0.38-linux-glibc_214-x86/man/man8/mysqld.8
........省略..........
[root@cs1 local]# ls -lrt
總用量 4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 src
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 libdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 46 10月 12 2017 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 46 3月 9 2018 bin
drwxrwxr-x 13 1021 1004 4096 1月 31 02:40 mariadb-10.0.38-linux-glibc_214-x86
4.創(chuàng)建軟鏈接
[root@cs1 local]# ln -s mariadb-10.0.38-linux-glibc_214-x86 mysql
[root@cs1 local]# ls -lrt
總用量 4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 src
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 libdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 5月 8 2014 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 46 10月 12 2017 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 46 3月 9 2018 bin
drwxrwxr-x 13 1021 1004 4096 1月 31 02:40 mariadb-10.0.38-linux-glibc_214-x86
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 38 6月 4 14:43 mysql -> mariadb-10.0.38-linux-glibc_214-x86
5.確保目錄mysql能夠被用戶mysql訪問
[root@cs1 local]# cd mysql
[root@cs1 mysql]# chown -R mysql .
[root@cs1 mysql]# chgrp -R mysql .
6.在安裝Mariadb之前，必須創(chuàng)建Mariadb存放數(shù)據(jù)的目錄并初始化grant表，執(zhí)行mysql_install_db命令來安裝Mariadb，如果使用root用戶來執(zhí)行，必須包含--user選項來指定用戶，如果是mysql用戶來執(zhí)行可以忽略--user選項。使用 --basedir=path 選項指定Mariadb安裝目錄的路徑,--datadir=path選項指定Mariadb數(shù)據(jù)目錄的路徑。如果沒有指定--basedir與--datadir選項它們在/usr/local/mysql目錄下創(chuàng)建一個data目錄。
[root@cs1 mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in './data' ...
190604 14:44:44 [Note] ./bin/mysqld (mysqld 10.0.38-MariaDB) starting as process 19627 ...
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: innodb_empty_free_list_algorithm has been changed to legacy because of small buffer pool size. In order to use backoff, increase buffer pool at least up to 20MB.
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: Using mutexes to ref count buffer pool pages
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: GCC builtin __atomic_thread_fence() is used for memory barrier
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.11
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist: a new database to be created!
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 12 MB
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB
190604 14:44:45 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB
190604 14:44:46 [Note] InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0
190604 14:44:46 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45781
190604 14:44:46 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new
190604 14:44:46 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created
190604 14:44:46 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
190604 14:44:46 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
190604 14:44:46 [Note] InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created
190604 14:44:46 [Note] InnoDB: Creating tablespace and datafile system tables.
190604 14:44:46 [Note] InnoDB: Tablespace and datafile system tables created.
190604 14:44:46 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
190604 14:44:46 [Note] InnoDB: Percona XtraDB (http://www.percona.com) 5.6.42-84.2 started; log sequence number 0
190604 14:44:48 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
190604 14:44:48 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
190604 14:44:48 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for page_cleaner to finish flushing of buffer pool
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1616697
OK
Filling help tables...
190604 14:44:50 [Note] ./bin/mysqld (mysqld 10.0.38-MariaDB) starting as process 19661 ...
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: innodb_empty_free_list_algorithm has been changed to legacy because of small buffer pool size. In order to use backoff, increase buffer pool at least up to 20MB.
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: Using mutexes to ref count buffer pool pages
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: GCC builtin __atomic_thread_fence() is used for memory barrier
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.11
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: Percona XtraDB (http://www.percona.com) 5.6.42-84.2 started; log sequence number 1616697
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
190604 14:44:50 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
190604 14:44:51 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for page_cleaner to finish flushing of buffer pool
190604 14:44:53 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1616707
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MariaDB root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
'./bin/mysqladmin' -u root password 'new-password'
'./bin/mysqladmin' -u root -h cs1.jy.net password 'new-password'
Alternatively you can run:
'./bin/mysql_secure_installation'
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
See the MariaDB Knowledgebase at /tupian/20230522/ or the
MySQL manual for more instructions.
You can start the MariaDB daemon with:
cd '.' ; ./bin/mysqld_safe --datadir='./data'
You can test the MariaDB daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd './mysql-test' ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems at /tupian/20230522/Dashboard.jspa
The latest information about MariaDB is available at /tupian/20230522/
You can find additional information about the MySQL part at:
/tupian/20230522/
Consider joining MariaDB's strong and vibrant community:
/tupian/20230522/
7.因為安裝Mariadb的用戶是root用戶，而data目錄必須要被mysql用戶訪問，因此修改data目錄的用戶與組權限
[root@cs1 mysql]# chown -R root .
[root@cs1 mysql]# chown -R mysql data
8.在安裝完成后來測試Mariadb的啟動
[root@cs1 mysql]# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
[1] 19770
[root@cs1 mysql]# 190604 14:45:25 mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/cs1.jy.net.err'.
190604 14:45:25 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data
mysqld_safe是服務端工具，用于啟動mysqld，并且是mysqld的守護進程，mysqld_safe加&在后臺運行$BASEDIR/bin/mysqld_safe &。因為mysqld_safe是mysqld的守護進程，所以mysqld_safe腳本會在啟動MySQL服務器后繼續(xù)監(jiān)控其運行情況，并在其死機時重新啟動它。直接使用mysqld_safe啟動mysqld時，mysqld_safe可以使用參數(shù)選項見mysqld_safe --help，此時可以使用其他配置文件，相當于mysqld_safe把參數(shù)傳遞給mysqld。mysql.server腳本其實也是調用mysqld_safe腳本去啟動MySQL服務器的,但此時mysqld_safe不能使用參數(shù)選項即不能mysqld_safe --defaults-file這樣的模式。
9.將啟動Mariadb的腳本配置成服務通過service name start命令來啟用
[root@cs1 mysql]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@cs1 mysql]# cat /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@cs1 Packages]# service mysqld status
SUCCESS! MariaDB running (19839)
[root@cs1 Packages]# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MariaDB... SUCCESS!
[root@cs1 Packages]# service mysqld start
Starting MariaDB.190604 18:26:04 mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/cs1.jy.net.err'.
190604 18:26:05 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data
SUCCESS!
10.修改root用戶密碼
-bash-4.2$ mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 4
Server version: 10.0.38-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [mysql]> set password=password("123456");
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> exit
-bash-4.2$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 6
Server version: 10.0.38-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
11.使用mytop工具來監(jiān)控Mariadb，mytop在Mariadb安裝時也會自動安裝，而mysql中需要單獨安裝
-bash-4.2$ mytop --prompt -u root -d mysql
Password:
install_driver(mysql) failed: Can't locate DBD/mysql.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/local/lib/perl5 /usr/local/share/perl5 /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib/perl5 /usr/share/perl5 .) at (eval 13) line 3, line 1.
Perhaps the DBD::mysql perl module hasn't been fully installed,
or perhaps the capitalisation of 'mysql' isn't right.
Available drivers: DBM, ExampleP, File, Gofer, Proxy, SQLite, Sponge.
at /usr/local/mysql//bin/mytop line 253.
錯誤信息說明沒有安裝perl-DBD-MySQL工具包
12.安裝perl-DBD-MySQ工具包
[root@cs1 bin]# yum install perl-DBD-MySQL
已加載插件：langpacks
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
file:///run/media/jy/OL-7.1%20Server.x86/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /run/media/jy/OL-7.1%20Server.x86/repodata/repomd.xml"
正在嘗試其它鏡像。
正在解決依賴關系
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 perl-DBD-MySQL.x86.0.4.023-5.0.1.el7 將被 安裝
--> 正在處理依賴關系 libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(bit)，它被軟件包 perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.0.1.el7.x86 需要
--> 正在處理依賴關系 libmysqlclient.so.18()(bit)，它被軟件包 perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.0.1.el7.x86 需要
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 mysql-community-libs.x86.0.5.6.23-3.el7 將被 安裝
--> 正在處理依賴關系 mysql-community-common(x86-) = 5.6.23-3.el7，它被軟件包 mysql-community-libs-5.6.23-3.el7.x86 需要
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 mysql-community-common.x86.0.5.6.23-3.el7 將被 安裝
--> 解決依賴關系完成
依賴關系解決
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package 架構 版本 源 大小
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
正在安裝:
perl-DBD-MySQL x86 4.023-5.0.1.el7 local 140 k
為依賴而安裝:
mysql-community-common x86 5.6.23-3.el7 local 256 k
mysql-community-libs x86 5.6.23-3.el7 local 2.0 M
事務概要
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
安裝 1 軟件包 (+2 依賴軟件包)
總下載量：2.4 M
安裝大?。?2 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Error downloading packages:
mysql-community-common-5.6.23-3.el7.x86: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.
perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.0.1.el7.x86: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.
mysql-community-libs-5.6.23-3.el7.x86: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.
出現(xiàn)不能下載相關工具包的錯誤
13.將操作系統(tǒng)ISO文件掛載到系統(tǒng)中并進入Packages目錄執(zhí)行rpm命令來安裝
root@cs1 Packages]# ls -lrt mysql*
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 13136 5月 14 2014 mysql-connector-java-5.1.25-3.el7.noarch.rpm
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 145144 8月 6 2014 mysql-connector-odbc-5.2.5-6.0.1.el7.x86.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4203 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-bench-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19378376 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-client-5.6.23-3.el7.i686.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3435828 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-devel-5.6.23-3.el7.i686.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2624 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-common-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 262516 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-common-5.6.23-3.el7.i686.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19979168 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-client-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3543424 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-devel-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23060740 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-embedded-5.6.23-3.el7.i686.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23733580 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-embedded-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4916 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.6.23-3.el7.i686.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2104968 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-libs-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2040356 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-libs-5.6.23-3.el7.i686.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 68058508 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 60224180 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-server-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 59280136 2月 19 2015 mysql-community-test-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm
[root@cs1 Packages]# rpm -ihv mysql-community-libs-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm
警告：mysql-community-libs-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm: 頭V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密鑰 ID ec551f03: NOKEY
錯誤：依賴檢測失?。?/p>
mysql-community-common(x86-) = 5.6.23-3.el7 被 mysql-community-libs-5.6.23-3.el7.x86 需要
[root@cs1 Packages]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm
警告：mysql-community-common-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm: 頭V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密鑰 ID ec551f03: NOKEY
準備中... ################################# [100%]
正在升級/安裝...
1:mysql-community-common-5.6.23-3.e################################# [100%]
[root@cs1 Packages]# rpm -ihv mysql-community-libs-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm
警告：mysql-community-libs-5.6.23-3.el7.x86.rpm: 頭V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密鑰 ID ec551f03: NOKEY
準備中... ################################# [100%]
正在升級/安裝...
1:mysql-community-libs-5.6.23-3.el7################################# [100%]
[root@cs1 Packages]# ls -lrt perl-DBD-MySQL
ls: 無法訪問perl-DBD-MySQL: 沒有那個文件或目錄
[root@cs1 Packages]# ls -lrt perl-DBD-MySQL*
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 143092 8月 6 2014 perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.0.1.el7.x86.rpm
[root@cs1 Packages]# rpm -ivh perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.0.1.el7.x86.rpm
警告：perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.0.1.el7.x86.rpm: 頭V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密鑰 ID ec551f03: NOKEY
準備中... ################################# [100%]
正在升級/安裝...
1:perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.0.1.el7 ################################# [100%]
14.執(zhí)行mytop命令來監(jiān)控Mariadb
-bash-4.2$ mytop -u root -p 123456
MariaDB on localhost (10.0.38-MariaDB) up 0+01:04:21 [15:49:46]
Queries: 170.0 qps: 0 Slow: 0.0 Se/In/Up/De(%): 06/00/00/00
Sorts: 0 qps now: 1 Slow qps: 0.0 Threads: 2 ( 1/ 0) 00/00/00/00
Handler: (R/W/U/D) 0/ 0/ 0/ 0 Tmp: R/W/U: 89/ 89/ 0
ISAM Key Efficiency: 0.0% Bps in/out: 1.4/ 66.6 Now in/out: 22.6/ 2.9k
Id User Host/IP DB Time % Cmd State Query
-- ---- ------- -- ---- - --- ----- ----------
12 root localhost mysql 10 0.0 Sleep
10 root localhost test 0 0.0 Query init show full processlist
到此安裝也就完成了。
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