matlab中使用插值函數(shù)
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插值函數(shù)(the function of interpolation )
interp1
調(diào)用函數(shù)的格式(Syntax)
yi = interp1(x,Y,xi)
yi = interp1(Y,xi)
yi = interp1(x,Y,xi,method)
yi = interp1(x,Y,xi,method,'extrap')
yi = interp1(x,Y,xi,method,extrapval)
pp = interp1(x,Y,method,'pp')
調(diào)用格式說(shuō)明(Description)
yi = interp1(x,Y,xi) 返回矢量X和Y決定的根據(jù)輸入的節(jié)點(diǎn)xi時(shí)對(duì)應(yīng)的y的值.矢量Y是矢量X的一個(gè)函數(shù)映射.
如果Y是一個(gè)矩陣,那么插值結(jié)果是一個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)的矩陣.
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yi = interp1(x,Y,xi) returns vector yi containing elements corresponding to the elements of xi and determined by interpolation within vectors x and Y. The vector x specifies the points at which the data Y is given. If Y is a matrix, then the interpolation is performed for each column of Y and yi is length(xi)-by-size(Y,2).
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yi = interp1(x,Y,xi,method)插值中可以使用的方法: 插值方法 說(shuō)明 nearest 臨近的兩點(diǎn)插值 linear 線性插值(默認(rèn)) spline 三次樣條插值 pchip 分段三次Hermite插值多項(xiàng)式插值 cubic (作用于pchip相同) v5cubic 用matlab5版本中斷三次樣條插值 [====================================================
yi = interp1(x,Y,xi,method) interpolates using alternative methods:
methodDescription
nearestNearest neighbor interpolation
linearLinear interpolation (default)
splinesplineCubic spline interpolation
pchipPiecewise cubic Hermite interpolation
cubic(Same as 'pchip')
v5cubicCubic interpolation used in MATLAB 5
======================================================]
簡(jiǎn)單程序示例
x=[0.0 0.1 0.195 0.3 0.401 0.5];
y=[0.39849 0.39695 0.39142 0.38138 0.36812 0.35206];
plot(x,y);
T=interp1(x,y,.25,'linear') %線性插值
(返回結(jié)果T=0.3862)
T=interp1(x,y,.25,'nearest') % 兩點(diǎn)插值
(返回結(jié)果T=0.3814)
T=interp1(x,y,.25,'spline') % 三次樣條插值
(返回結(jié)果T =0.3867)
T=interp1(x,y,.25,'cubic') %三次插值
(返回結(jié)果T =0.3867)
用Matlab實(shí)現(xiàn)了3次樣條曲線插值的算法。邊界條件取為自然邊界條件,即:兩個(gè)端點(diǎn)處的2階導(dǎo)數(shù)等于0;
共包含3各個(gè)函數(shù)文件,主函數(shù)所在文件(即使用的時(shí)候直接調(diào)用的函數(shù))為spline3.m,另外兩個(gè)函數(shù)文件是在splin3函數(shù)文件中被調(diào)用的自定義函數(shù)。一個(gè)是GetParam.m,一個(gè)是GetM.m。
%GetParam.m文件的內(nèi)容:
%根據(jù)給定的離散點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)所構(gòu)成的向量,計(jì)算各個(gè)區(qū)間段的h值;
function GetParam(Vx,Vy)
global gh;
global gf;
global gu;
global gr;
global gd;
global gff;
global gM;
%global gn;
%n=length(Vx);%length()為向量Vx所含元素的個(gè)數(shù);
%n=legth(Vx);
%gn=n;
%n=gn;
n=length(Vx);
gh(1)=Vx(2)-Vx(1);
gf(1)=(Vy(2)-Vy(1))/gh(1);
for i=2:1:n-1%從區(qū)間0到區(qū)間n-1;
gh(i)=Vx(i+1)-Vx(i);
gf(i)=(Vy(i+1)-Vy(i))/gh(i);
gu(i)=gh(i-1)/(gh(i-1)+gh(i));
gr(i)=1-gu(i);
gff(i)=(gf(i-1)-gf(i))/(Vx(i-1)-Vx(i+1));
gd(i)=6*gff(i);
end
%設(shè)置與邊界條件有關(guān)的參數(shù);
gM(1)=0;%起點(diǎn)的2階導(dǎo)數(shù);
gM(n)=0;%終點(diǎn)的2階導(dǎo)數(shù);
end
%GetM.m文件的內(nèi)容:
function GetM(Vx)
global gh;
global gf;
global gu;
global gr;
global gd;
global gff;
global gM;
%global gn;
nn=length(Vx);
%nn=gn;
n=nn-2;
b=zeros(n,1);
A=zeros(n,n);
A(1,1)=2;A(1,2)=gr(2);
b(1)=gd(2)-gu(2)*gM(1);
for i=2:1:n-1
A(i,i)=2;
A(i,i-1)=gu(i+1);
A(i,i+1)=gr(i+1);
b(i)=gd(i+1);
end
A(n,n-1)=gu(n);A(n,n)=2;
b(n)=gd(nn-1)-gr(nn-1)*gM(nn);
X=(inv(A))*b;
for i=2:1:nn-1
gM(i)=X(i-1);
end
end
%主函數(shù)文件spline3.m的內(nèi)容:
function result=spline3(x,Vx,Vy)
global gh;
global gf;
global gu;
global gr;
global gd;
global gff;
global gM;
%global gn;
GetParam(Vx,Vy);
GetM(Vx);
%n=length(Vx);
%n=gn;
n=length(Vx);
nn=length(x);
y=zeros(1,nn);
for j=1:1:nn
i=1;
while(x(j)Vx(i+1))
i=i+1;
end
sn=i;
t1=(Vx(sn+1)-x(j))^3/(6*gh(sn));
t1=t1*gM(sn);
t2=(x(j)-Vx(sn))^3/(6*gh(sn));
t2=t2*gM(sn+1);
t3=Vy(sn)-gM(i)*((gh(i))^2)/6;
t3=t3*(Vx(sn+1)-x(j))/gh(sn);
t4=Vy(sn+1)-gM(sn+1)*((gh(sn))^2)/6;
t4=t4*(x(j)-Vx(sn))/gh(sn);
y(j)=t1+t2+t3+t4;
end
result=y;
end
函數(shù)調(diào)用的時(shí)候,result=spline3(x,Vx,Vy),x為代求點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)向量,
(Vx,Vy)為已知的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)。
2=6.610;
x3=6.082;
x4=5.607;
x5=5.423;
xH=5.825;
%我這里的版本是2006a的,不知道6.5是否可以通過(guò),你可以自己試試。
x=[x1 x2 x3 x4 x5];
y=[638.3 640.2 650.6 653.2 659.9];%你原來(lái)x只有5個(gè)元素,而y卻有7個(gè)元素,所以會(huì)出錯(cuò),我刪了最后兩個(gè)
xi=linspace(x1,x5,100);%這里自動(dòng)讓它平均生成了100個(gè)點(diǎn),如果覺(jué)得太多可以自行改少一點(diǎn)
%你下面左引號(hào)都是全角中文的,應(yīng)該換成英文半角狀態(tài)
ycubic=interp1(x,y,xi,'cubic');
ylinear=interp1(x,y,xi,'linear');
yH1=interp1(x,y,xH,'cubic');
yH2=interp1(x,y,xi,'linear');
plot(x,y,'*',xH,yH1,'o',xi,ycubic,'-');
grid on
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你們老師果然不負(fù)責(zé)任啊,選課的時(shí)候也不說(shuō)明的。
建議自己找本matlab的教材學(xué)習(xí)一下,應(yīng)該還是很好上手的。