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Just5分鐘！使用k3s部署輕量Kubernetes集群快速教程-創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)

大小僅有40MB的k3s為想要節(jié)省開銷進(jìn)行開發(fā)和測(cè)試的企業(yè)提供了一個(gè)很好的選擇。本文將用一種極為簡(jiǎn)潔的方式，教你在5分鐘之內(nèi)使用k3s部署輕量Kubernetes集群。

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Just 5分鐘！使用k3s部署輕量Kubernetes集群快速教程

 
本文來自：Rancher Labs
 
Kubernetes已經(jīng)改變了如何大規(guī)模部署和管理容器化工作負(fù)載?，F(xiàn)在開發(fā)人員面臨的挑戰(zhàn)主要在于設(shè)置過程的復(fù)雜性和資源需求量巨大。如果你深受內(nèi)存不足的困擾，想要部署輕量級(jí)Kubernetes集群來減少內(nèi)存占用，那么你一定要考慮由Rancher Labs發(fā)布的輕量級(jí)Kubernetes發(fā)行版——k3s。它把安裝Kubernetes所需的一切文件都打包進(jìn)一個(gè)40MB大小的二進(jìn)制文件中，僅需512MB的RAM即可運(yùn)行。非常適用于資源有限的環(huán)境，如邊緣計(jì)算場(chǎng)景、IoT等。

在實(shí)際場(chǎng)景中，為了獲得開發(fā)和測(cè)試的動(dòng)力，節(jié)省開銷，用戶希望能夠以最少的資源利用率和較低的硬件規(guī)格來部署Kubernetes。而k3s正好滿足了這一需求，它能夠在任何512MB RAM以上的設(shè)備上運(yùn)行集群，如IoT設(shè)備或ARM驅(qū)動(dòng)的設(shè)備。

既然k3s僅需少量資源即可運(yùn)行，那么這意味著一些Kubernetes的特性被移除了：

  • 舊的、非默認(rèn)的、alpha功能

  • 大部分in-tree插件（云提供商和存儲(chǔ)插件），將其用附加組件進(jìn)行替換

  • 用sqlite來代替etcd作為默認(rèn)存儲(chǔ)機(jī)制
     

    5分鐘之內(nèi)使用k3s部署輕量K8s集群

在本文中，我將使用運(yùn)行在Debian 10上的3個(gè)server，每個(gè)server有1GB的RAM和1vcpu。其中一個(gè)server作為master，其他兩個(gè)作為worker節(jié)點(diǎn)。


$ openstack server list
+--------------------------------------+-------------------+---------+-----------------------------------+-----------+-----------+
| ID                                   | Name              | Status  | Networks                          | Image     | Flavor    |
+--------------------------------------+-------------------+---------+-----------------------------------+-----------+-----------+
| 4df6a6dc-26e8-4ae0-8b6e-2f97daec0ef3 | k3s-master        | ACTIVE  | private=10.10.1.159               | Debian-10 | m1.tiny   |
| 5ca13239-b745-4f62-ab11-0a27949c9b35 | k3s-node02        | ACTIVE  | private=10.10.1.142               | Debian-10 | m1.tiny   |
| a54997f2-4d94-4718-86ab-73609b328761 | k3s-node01        | ACTIVE  | private=10.10.1.126               | Debian-10 | m1.tiny   |
+--------------------------------------+-------------------+---------+-----------------------------------+-----------+-----------+

 
我將在每個(gè)服務(wù)器的/ etc / hosts文件中為服務(wù)器添加A record。

sudo tee -a /etc/hosts<

在Master節(jié)點(diǎn)上安裝k3s

 
運(yùn)行k3s的方式有很多，最快的方式是通過提供的bash腳本進(jìn)行安裝，同時(shí)該腳本提供了一個(gè)便捷的方式來安裝到systemd或openrc。

curl -sfL https://get.k3s.io | sh -

 
安裝輸出：

[INFO]  Finding latest release
[INFO]  Using v0.8.1 as release
[INFO]  Downloading hash https://github.com/rancher/k3s/releases/download/v0.8.1/sha256sum-amd64.txt
[INFO]  Downloading binary https://github.com/rancher/k3s/releases/download/v0.8.1/k3s
[INFO]  Verifying binary download
[INFO]  Installing k3s to /usr/local/bin/k3s
[INFO]  Creating /usr/local/bin/kubectl symlink to k3s
[INFO]  Creating /usr/local/bin/crictl symlink to k3s
[INFO]  Creating /usr/local/bin/ctr symlink to k3s
[INFO]  Creating killall script /usr/local/bin/k3s-killall.sh
[INFO]  Creating uninstall script /usr/local/bin/k3s-uninstall.sh
[INFO]  env: Creating environment file /etc/systemd/system/k3s.service.env
[INFO]  systemd: Creating service file /etc/systemd/system/k3s.service
[INFO]  systemd: Enabling k3s unit
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/k3s.service → /etc/systemd/system/k3s.service.
[INFO]  systemd: Starting k3s

 
安裝完成之后，服務(wù)會(huì)自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)。

$ systemctl status k3s
● k3s.service - Lightweight Kubernetes
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/k3s.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-09-17 19:20:00 UTC; 2min 24s ago
     Docs: https://k3s.io
  Process: 833 ExecStartPre=/sbin/modprobe br_netfilter (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 836 ExecStartPre=/sbin/modprobe overlay (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 837 (k3s-server)
    Tasks: 98
   Memory: 571.1M
   CGroup: /system.slice/k3s.service
           ├─ 837 /usr/local/bin/k3s server KillMode=process
           ├─ 851 containerd -c /var/lib/rancher/k3s/agent/etc/containerd/config.toml -a /run/k3s/containerd/containerd.sock --state /run/k3s/conta
           ├─1110 containerd-shim -namespace k8s.io -workdir /var/lib/rancher/k3s/agent/containerd/io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux/k8s.io/f6eeb59978
           ├─1127 /pause
           ├─1207 containerd-shim -namespace k8s.io -workdir /var/lib/rancher/k3s/agent/containerd/io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux/k8s.io/0baf0ca181
           ├─1225 /coredns -conf /etc/coredns/Corefile
           ├─1576 containerd-shim -namespace k8s.io -workdir /var/lib/rancher/k3s/agent/containerd/io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux/k8s.io/dcce4b7e17
           ├─1594 /pause
           ├─1599 containerd-shim -namespace k8s.io -workdir /var/lib/rancher/k3s/agent/containerd/io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux/k8s.io/50816ffba8
           ├─1617 /pause
           ├─1824 containerd-shim -namespace k8s.io -workdir /var/lib/rancher/k3s/agent/containerd/io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux/k8s.io/d0ff393609
           ├─1842 /bin/sh /usr/bin/entry
           ├─1882 containerd-shim -namespace k8s.io -workdir /var/lib/rancher/k3s/agent/containerd/io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux/k8s.io/046779175f
           ├─1899 /bin/sh /usr/bin/entry
           ├─1904 containerd-shim -namespace k8s.io -workdir /var/lib/rancher/k3s/agent/containerd/io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux/k8s.io/93f0fe2361
           └─1921 /traefik --configfile=/config/traefik.toml

Sep 17 19:20:34 deb10 k3s[837]: E0917 19:20:34.714229     837 daemon_controller.go:302] kube-system/svclb-traefik failed with : error storing statu
Sep 17 19:20:34 deb10 k3s[837]: E0917 19:20:34.719452     837 daemon_controller.go:302] kube-system/svclb-traefik failed with : error storing statu
Sep 17 19:20:34 deb10 k3s[837]: I0917 19:20:34.726816     837 reconciler.go:207] operationExecutor.VerifyControllerAttachedVolume started for volum
Sep 17 19:20:34 deb10 k3s[837]: I0917 19:20:34.726836     837 reconciler.go:207] operationExecutor.VerifyControllerAttachedVolume started for volum
Sep 17 19:20:34 deb10 k3s[837]: I0917 19:20:34.726857     837 reconciler.go:207] operationExecutor.VerifyControllerAttachedVolume started for volum
Sep 17 19:20:34 deb10 k3s[837]: I0917 19:20:34.726869     837 reconciler.go:207] operationExecutor.VerifyControllerAttachedVolume started for volum
Sep 17 19:20:35 deb10 k3s[837]: I0917 19:20:35.529102     837 reconciler.go:181] operationExecutor.UnmountVolume started for volume "helm-traefik-t
Sep 17 19:20:35 deb10 k3s[837]: I0917 19:20:35.542858     837 operation_generator.go:799] UnmountVolume.TearDown succeeded for volume "kubernetes.i
Sep 17 19:20:35 deb10 k3s[837]: I0917 19:20:35.629277     837 reconciler.go:285] Volume detached for volume "helm-traefik-token-kjwrl" (UniqueName:
Sep 17 19:20:36 deb10 k3s[837]: W0917 19:20:36.355273     837 pod_container_deletor.go:75] Container "2f0c4a787b13c029d65aa865c1b473f5a7497cb6f9b92

 
將kubeconfig文件寫入/etc/rancher/k3s/k3s.yaml：

$ cat /etc/rancher/k3s/k3s.yaml
cat: /etc/rancher/k3s/k3s.yaml: Permission denied
debian@deb10:~$ sudo cat /etc/rancher/k3s/k3s.yaml
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: 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
    server: https://localhost:6443
  name: default
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: default
    user: default
  name: default
current-context: default
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: default
  user:
    password: 2d99cae31c075743be704bb717ceaae8
    username: admin

 
其他已經(jīng)安裝的有：

  • kubectl

  • crictl

  • k3s-killall.sh

  • k3s-uninstall.sh
     

    在Worker節(jié)點(diǎn)上安裝k3s

要在Woker節(jié)點(diǎn)上安裝k3s，我們應(yīng)該將K3S_URL以及K3S_TOKEN或K3S_CLUSTER_SECRET環(huán)境變量一起傳遞。

K3S_TOKEN在第一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)上的/ var / lib / rancher / k3s / server / node-token中創(chuàng)建。

$ sudo cat /var/lib/rancher/k3s/server/node-token
K1042e2f8e353b9409472c1e0cca8457abe184dc7be3f0805109e92c50c193ceb42::node:c83acbf89a7de7026d6f6928dc270028

 
所以為了在worker節(jié)點(diǎn)上安裝Kubernetes，我將運(yùn)行：

k3s_url="https://k3s-master:6443"
k3s_token="K1042e2f8e353b9409472c1e0cca8457abe184dc7be3f0805109e92c50c193ceb42::node:c83acbf89a7de7026d6f6928dc270028"
curl -sfL https://get.k3s.io | K3S_URL=${k3s_url} K3S_TOKEN=${k3s_token} sh -

 
安裝輸出：

[INFO]  Finding latest release
[INFO]  Using v0.8.1 as release
[INFO]  Downloading hash https://github.com/rancher/k3s/releases/download/v0.8.1/sha256sum-amd64.txt
[INFO]  Downloading binary https://github.com/rancher/k3s/releases/download/v0.8.1/k3s
[INFO]  Verifying binary download
[INFO]  Installing k3s to /usr/local/bin/k3s
[INFO]  Creating /usr/local/bin/kubectl symlink to k3s
[INFO]  Creating /usr/local/bin/crictl symlink to k3s
[INFO]  Creating /usr/local/bin/ctr symlink to k3s
[INFO]  Creating killall script /usr/local/bin/k3s-killall.sh
[INFO]  Creating uninstall script /usr/local/bin/k3s-agent-uninstall.sh
[INFO]  env: Creating environment file /etc/systemd/system/k3s-agent.service.env
[INFO]  systemd: Creating service file /etc/systemd/system/k3s-agent.service
[INFO]  systemd: Enabling k3s-agent unit
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/k3s-agent.service → /etc/systemd/system/k3s-agent.service.
[INFO]  systemd: Starting k3s-agent

 
登錄到其中一個(gè)master節(jié)點(diǎn)并檢查集群狀態(tài)：

$ sudo kubectl config get-clusters 
NAME
default

$ sudo kubectl cluster-info 
Kubernetes master is running at https://localhost:6443
CoreDNS is running at https://localhost:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy

$ sudo kubectl get  nodes
NAME         STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
k3s-master   Ready    master   14m     v1.14.6-k3s.1
k3s-node01   Ready    worker   3m11s   v1.14.6-k3s.1
k3s-node02   Ready    worker   3m58s   v1.14.6-k3s.1

$ sudo kubectl get namespaces
NAME              STATUS   AGE
default           Active   16m
kube-node-lease   Active   16m
kube-public       Active   16m
kube-system       Active   16m

$ sudo  kubectl get endpoints -n kube-system
NAME       ENDPOINTS                                  AGE
kube-dns   10.42.0.2:53,10.42.0.2:53,10.42.0.2:9153   14m
traefik    10.42.0.5:80,10.42.0.5:443                 14m

$ sudo kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                         READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-b7464766c-q9frk      1/1     Running     0          15m
helm-install-traefik-8dhpk   0/1     Completed   0          15m
svclb-traefik-9c2j8          2/2     Running     0          4m49s
svclb-traefik-bf9zd          2/2     Running     0          4m2s
svclb-traefik-v2fpx          2/2     Running     0          14m
traefik-5c79b789c5-k589d     1/1     Running     0          14m

 
使用crictl命令來查看正在運(yùn)行的容器

# Master
$ sudo crictl ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               CREATED             STATE               NAME                ATTEMPT             POD ID
acfafb50852d3       18471c10e6e4b       16 minutes ago      Running             traefik             0                   bf8534452389f
fee5ac7e88f2e       4a065d8dfa588       16 minutes ago      Running             lb-port-443         0                   e7068ff7ab2f2
bbab5b07e5efb       4a065d8dfa588       16 minutes ago      Running             lb-port-80          0                   e7068ff7ab2f2
65c5d1333ea04       2ee68ed074c6e       16 minutes ago      Running             coredns             0                   435c51f4716fc

# Workers
$ sudo crictl ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               CREATED             STATE               NAME                ATTEMPT             POD ID
7ad5c83d6466f       4a065d8dfa588       6 minutes ago       Running             lb-port-443         0                   bf8d9fe57c3f3
c1380eabc0b33       4a065d8dfa588       6 minutes ago       Running             lb-port-80          0                   bf8d9fe57c3f3

 
大功告成啦！如果你需要更高級(jí)的配置，請(qǐng)參閱k3s文檔：

https://rancher.com/docs/k3s/latest/en/

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分享名稱：Just5分鐘！使用k3s部署輕量Kubernetes集群快速教程-創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)
標(biāo)題來源：http://weahome.cn/article/deojgi.html

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