監(jiān)聽服務(wù)和訪問連接原理
端口號范圍：1025~6500
[oracle@oracle3 ~]$ lsnrctl --進入監(jiān)聽管理工具
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-JUN-2014 11:13:20
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.
LSNRCTL> status --查看監(jiān)聽器狀態(tài)
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 05-JUN-2014 09:38:27
Uptime 0 days 1 hr. 34 min. 54 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1521))) --端口號默認(rèn)是1521，也就是對外提供服務(wù)的端口號。
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCLXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCL_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
SQL> conn system/orcl@ORCL33 --通過監(jiān)聽器訪問
已連接。
ORCL33叫做網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)名（連接描述符），配置文件在客戶端，服務(wù)器上不需要的。
F:\oracle\product\10.2.0\client_1\NETWORK\ADMIN\tnsnames.ora --客戶端的路徑.網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)名配置文件
文件中：
ORCL33 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.1.3.3)(PORT = 1521)) --oracle server的IP，端口號，數(shù)據(jù)庫名字
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = ORCL)
)
)
添加連接串兩種方法：1、通過圖形界面 2、直接修改這個文件
本地直接訪問，不需要經(jīng)過監(jiān)聽器，宿主機訪問是必須通過監(jiān)聽器的。
用xmanager連接：
SQL> conn system/orcl --本機訪問
Connected.
SQL> conn system/orcl@ORCL --本機通過監(jiān)聽器訪問
Connected.
將監(jiān)聽器停止
[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl stop
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-JUN-2014 11:28:28
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
The command completed successfully
SQL> conn system/orcl --本機訪問不受影響
Connected.
SQL> conn system/orcl@ORCL --通過監(jiān)聽器訪問不能連接
ERROR:
ORA-12541: TNS:no listener
Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.
SQL> conn system/orcl@ORCL2567
ERROR:
ORA-12541: TNS: 無監(jiān)聽程序
警告: 您不再連接到 ORACLE。
啟動監(jiān)聽后查看狀態(tài)：
[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-JUN-2014 11:31:39
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 05-JUN-2014 11:30:50
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 49 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully --此時還是不能遠端訪問的，因為數(shù)據(jù)庫還沒監(jiān)聽到
此時連接：
SQL> conn system/orcl@ORCL2567
ERROR:
ORA-12541: TNS: 無監(jiān)聽程序
警告: 您不再連接到 ORACLE。
[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-JUN-2014 11:31:46
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 05-JUN-2014 11:30:50
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 55 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... --數(shù)據(jù)庫被監(jiān)聽到
Service "ORCLXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCL_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
SQL> conn system/orcl@ORCL2567 --此時遠端訪問正常
已連接。
簡單的檢測方法：
C:\Users\Administrator>tnsping ORCL2567 --ping網(wǎng)路描述符是否是可以訪問通的
TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-6月 -
2014 11:38:41
Copyright (c) 1997, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
已使用的參數(shù)文件:
F:\oracle\product\10.2.0\client_1\network\admin\sqlnet.ora
已使用 TNSNAMES 適配器來解析別名
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)
(HOST = 10.1.3.3)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = ORCL)))
OK (30 毫秒)
[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ tnsping ORCL1
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-JUN-2014 11:41:09
Copyright (c) 1997, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
/u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
TNS-03505: Failed to resolve name --ping不通的表現(xiàn)
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