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C語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐----五子棋（附源代碼及思路講解）-創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)

目錄

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一、了解五子棋基本元素

二、了解五子棋下棋過(guò)程

三、重要功能設(shè)計(jì)

1、初始化棋子

2、初始化棋盤(pán)

3、判斷勝負(fù)

4、人機(jī)對(duì)戰(zhàn)隨機(jī)算法

5、判斷棋盤(pán)是否已滿(mǎn)

6、保存當(dāng)前棋局并退出游戲

7、復(fù)盤(pán)游戲

四、源代碼及運(yùn)行結(jié)果

五、總結(jié)

一、了解五子棋基本元素 1、棋子

五子棋分黑白兩色，形狀為扁圓形。雙方進(jìn)行博弈時(shí)要將棋子下在棋盤(pán)的交叉點(diǎn)處。

棋子符號(hào)包括：

黑子：○? ? 白子：●

棋盤(pán)每一個(gè)位置分為三種狀態(tài)，白子、黑子、空白?？梢允褂煤甓x：

#define WHITE -1

#define BLACK 1

#define BLANK 0

（該實(shí)踐默認(rèn)在人機(jī)對(duì)戰(zhàn)時(shí)，玩家執(zhí)黑棋，電腦執(zhí)白棋）

2、棋盤(pán)

目前國(guó)際上使用的五子棋棋盤(pán)都是15×15，由橫縱交叉線(xiàn)形成了225個(gè)交叉點(diǎn)。

棋盤(pán)符號(hào)包括：

┌??? ┬??? ┐

├??? ┼??? ┤

└??? ┴??? ┘

棋盤(pán)大行數(shù)15，大列數(shù)15。可以使用宏定義：

#define MAX_ROW 15

#define MAX_COL 15

棋盤(pán)可以抽象為一個(gè)二維數(shù)組chessboard[MAX_ROW][MAX_COL]，存儲(chǔ)棋子的下標(biāo)位置

二、了解五子棋下棋過(guò)程

1、在菜單界面選擇對(duì)戰(zhàn)方式、進(jìn)行上一局或退出游戲

2、繪制棋盤(pán)、棋子

3、執(zhí)黑子的玩家先落子，然后雙方輪流落子

4、判斷勝負(fù)或平局

5、退出游戲

三、重要功能設(shè)計(jì) 1、初始化棋子
void draw_chessman(int type, char *tableline) {
	if (type == WHITE)
		printf("●");
	if (type == BLACK)
		printf("○");
	if (type == BLANK)
		printf("%s", tableline);//此處傳入另一個(gè)參數(shù)tableline,是為了繪制棋盤(pán)更加方便

}
2、初始化棋盤(pán)

觀察棋盤(pán)可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，遍歷繪制棋盤(pán)需分成三種不同的情況，即第一行，最后一行，其余行

//棋盤(pán)可分為三部分，第一行，最后一行，中間行
//用i代表行，j代表列
void draw_chessboardn(int row, int col, int chessboard[][MAX_COL]) {
	for (int i = 0; i< row ; i++) {
		if (i == 0) {
			for (int j = 0; j< col; j++) {
				if (j == 0)
					draw_chessman(chessboard[i][j], "┌ ");
				else if (j == 14)
					draw_chessman(chessboard[i][j], "┐");
				else
					draw_chessman(chessboard[i][j], "┬ ");
			}
			printf("\n");//第一行┌┬┬┬┬┬┬┬┬┬┬┬┬┬┬┬┬┬┐
		} else if (i == 14) {
			for (int j = 0; j< col; j++) {
				if (j == 0)
					draw_chessman(chessboard[i][j], "└ ");
				else if (j == 14)
					draw_chessman(chessboard[i][j], "┘ ");
				else
					draw_chessman(chessboard[i][j], "┴ ");
			}
			printf("\n");//最后一行└┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┘
		} else {
			for (int j = 0; j< col; j++) {
				if (j == 0)
					draw_chessman(chessboard[i][j], "├ ");
				else if (j == 14)
					draw_chessman(chessboard[i][j], "┤");
				else
					draw_chessman(chessboard[i][j], "┼ ");
			}
			printf("\n");//其他行├┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┤
		}
	}
}
3、判斷勝負(fù)

五子棋連成五子即為勝，判斷輸贏須在一個(gè)棋子的上、下、左、右、右上、右下、左上、左上共八個(gè)方向遍歷是否有相連的五子。但可以發(fā)現(xiàn)上和下在一條線(xiàn)上，左和右在一條線(xiàn)上，依此類(lèi)推只需判斷四個(gè)方向，即橫、豎、左斜、右斜方向。

//返回當(dāng)前棋子的值，若值為1，代表黑棋勝，若值為-1，代表白棋勝
int is_win(int chessboard[][MAX_COL], int row, int col) {
	int i, j;
	for (i = 0; i< row; i++) {
		for (j = 0; j< col; j++) {
			if (chessboard[i][j] == BLANK)
				continue;

            //  (-)橫著連成五子
			if (j< col - 4)
				if (chessboard[i][j] == chessboard[i][j + 1] && chessboard[i][j] ==      
                        chessboard[i][j + 2]
				        && chessboard[i][j] == chessboard[i][j + 3] && chessboard[i][j] 
                        == chessboard[i][j + 4])
					return chessboard[i][j];

            //  (|)豎著連成五子
			if (i< row - 4)
				if (chessboard[i][j] == chessboard[i + 1][j] && chessboard[i][j] == 
                        chessboard[i + 2][j]
				        && chessboard[i][j] == chessboard[i + 3][j] && chessboard[i][j] 
                        == chessboard[i + 4][j])
					return chessboard[i][j];

            //  (\)左斜連成五子
			if (i< row - 4 && j< col - 4)
				if (chessboard[i][j] == chessboard[i + 1][j + 1] && chessboard[i][j] == 
                        chessboard[i + 2][j + 2]
				        && chessboard[i][j] == chessboard[i + 3][j + 3] && chessboard[i] 
                        [j] == chessboard[i + 4][j + 4])
					return chessboard[i][j];

            //  (/)右斜連成五子 
			if (i< row - 4 && j >4)                  
				if (chessboard[i][j] == chessboard[i + 1][j - 1] && chessboard[i][j] == 
                        chessboard[i + 2][j - 2]
				        && chessboard[i][j] == chessboard[i + 3][j - 3] && chessboard[i] 
                        [j] == chessboard[i + 4][j - 4])
					return chessboard[i][j];
		}
	}
	return BLANK;
}
4、人機(jī)對(duì)戰(zhàn)隨機(jī)算法

利用產(chǎn)生隨機(jī)數(shù)的函數(shù)隨機(jī)產(chǎn)生隨機(jī)數(shù)，用于表示棋子的行和列

int random_create_point(void) {
	int point;
	srand(time(NULL));
	point = rand() % MAX_ROW;
	return point;
}
5、判斷棋盤(pán)是否已滿(mǎn)

遍歷數(shù)組，棋盤(pán)若下滿(mǎn)了棋子，則表示本次對(duì)弈為和棋

int is_full(int chessboard[][MAX_COL], int row, int col) {
	int ret = 1;
	for (int i = 0; i< row; i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j< col; j++) {
			if (chessboard[i][j] == BLANK) {
				ret = 0;
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	return ret;
}
6、保存當(dāng)前棋局并退出游戲
void  save_chess(int chessboard[][MAX_COL], int row, int col) {
	int choice ;
	FILE *fp;
	printf("是否選擇結(jié)束游戲，并保存當(dāng)前棋局\n");
	printf("*********1.存盤(pán)并退出***********\n");
	printf("*********2.繼續(xù)游戲*************\n");
	printf("請(qǐng)選擇 :");
	while (1) {
		scanf("%d", &choice);
		if (choice >2||choice< 1) {
			printf("輸入錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)重新選擇\n");
			continue;
		}
		break;
	}
	if (choice == 1) {
		if ( ( fp = fopen( "Save_chess.txt", "w" ) ) == NULL ) {
			printf(" 保存失敗\n");
		} else {
			for (int i = 0; i< row; i++) {
				for (int j = 0; j< col; j++) {
					fprintf(fp, "%d", chessboard[i][j]);
				}
			}
			fclose(fp);
			printf("恭喜您，保存成功");
		}
		exit(0);
	}
}
7、復(fù)盤(pán)游戲
void replay_chess(void) {
	int  chessboard[MAX_ROW][MAX_COL] = {BLANK};
	FILE *fp;
	char ch;
	if ((fp = fopen("Save_chess.txt", "w")) == NULL) {
		printf("復(fù)盤(pán)失敗");
	} else {
		for (int i = 0; i< MAX_ROW; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j< MAX_COL; j++) {
				fscanf(fp, "%d", chessboard[i][j]);
			}
		}
		fclose(fp);
		draw_chessboardn(MAX_ROW, MAX_COL, chessboard);
	}
}
四、源代碼及運(yùn)行結(jié)果
#include#include#define MAX_ROW 15
#define MAX_COL 15
#define WHITE -1
#define BLACK 1
#define BLANK 0

void draw_chessboardn(int row, int col, int chessboard[][MAX_COL]);
void draw_chessman(int type, char *tableline);
int random_create_point(void);
void draw_menu(void);
void person_person(void);
void person_computer_random(void);
int is_full(int chessboard[][MAX_COL], int row, int col);
int is_win(int chessboard[][MAX_COL], int row, int col);
void save_chess(int chessboard[][MAX_COL], int row, int col);
void replay_chess(void);
int  ChooseArrow(int chessboard[][MAX_COL], int row, int col);

int main () {
	int choice;
	draw_menu();
	while (1) {
		scanf("%d", &choice);
		switch (choice) {
			case 1:
				person_person();
				break;
			case 2:
				person_computer_random();
				break;
			case 3:
				replay_chess();
				break;
			case 4:
				exit(0);
				break;
			default:
				printf("輸入錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)重新選擇\n");
		}
	}
	return 0;
}
//繪制棋盤(pán)
void draw_chessboardn(int row, int col, int chessboard[][MAX_COL]) {
	for (int i = 0; i< row ; i++) {
		if (i == 0) {
			for (int j = 0; j< col; j++) {
				if (j == 0)
					draw_chessman(chessboard[i][j], "┌ ");
				else if (j == 14)
					draw_chessman(chessboard[i][j], "┐");
				else
					draw_chessman(chessboard[i][j], "┬ ");
			}
			printf("\n");
		} else if (i == 14) {
			for (int j = 0; j< col; j++) {
				if (j == 0)
					draw_chessman(chessboard[i][j], "└ ");
				else if (j == 14)
					draw_chessman(chessboard[i][j], "┘ ");
				else
					draw_chessman(chessboard[i][j], "┴ ");
			}
			printf("\n");
		} else {
			for (int j = 0; j< col; j++) {
				if (j == 0)
					draw_chessman(chessboard[i][j], "├ ");
				else if (j == 14)
					draw_chessman(chessboard[i][j], "┤");
				else
					draw_chessman(chessboard[i][j], "┼ ");
			}
			printf("\n");
		}
	}
}
//繪制棋子
void draw_chessman(int type, char *tableline) {
	if (type == WHITE)
		printf("●");
	if (type == BLACK)
		printf("○");
	if (type == BLANK)
		printf("%s", tableline);
}
//隨機(jī)算法獲取棋子的坐標(biāo)
int random_create_point(void) {
	int point;
	point = rand() % MAX_ROW;
	return point;
}
//繪制主菜單
void draw_menu(void) {
	printf("******************************\n");
	printf("******* 歡迎使用五子棋 *******\n");
	printf("***     研發(fā)者：Hiya(a     ***\n");
	printf("***     請(qǐng)選擇對(duì)戰(zhàn)方式     ***\n");
	printf("*      1.人-人對(duì)戰(zhàn)           *\n");
	printf("*      2.人-機(jī)對(duì)戰(zhàn)(隨機(jī)算法) *\n");
	printf("*      3.復(fù)盤(pán)                *\n");
	printf("*      4.退出                *\n");
	printf("******************************\n");
	printf("請(qǐng)選擇：");
}
//人人對(duì)戰(zhàn)
void person_person(void) {
	int chessboard[MAX_ROW][MAX_COL] = {BLANK};
	int i, j;
	char key;
	draw_chessboardn(MAX_ROW, MAX_COL, chessboard);
	for (int step = 1; step<= MAX_ROW * MAX_COL; step++) {    //黑子先行，然后雙方輪流下棋
		if (step % 2 == 1) {                                   //當(dāng)前步數(shù)為單數(shù)，黑棋落子。
	        printf("請(qǐng)黑棋落子:");
			while (1) {
				scanf("%d %d", &i, &j);
				if (chessboard[i][j] != BLANK) {
					printf("該位置已有棋子，請(qǐng)重新輸入\n");        //棋子只能落在空白處
					continue;
				}
				if (i >= MAX_ROW || j >= MAX_COL || i< 0 || j< 0) {
					printf("輸入超出棋盤(pán)范圍，請(qǐng)重新輸入\n");      //棋子坐標(biāo)不可超出棋盤(pán)
					continue;
				}
				break;
			}
			chessboard[i][j] = BLACK;
			draw_chessboardn(MAX_ROW, MAX_COL, chessboard);
			if (is_win(chessboard, MAX_ROW, MAX_COL) == BLACK) {
				printf("黑棋勝");
				exit(0);
			}
			save_chess(chessboard, MAX_ROW, MAX_COL);
		} else if (step % 2 == 0) {                            //當(dāng)前步數(shù)為雙數(shù)，則白棋落子
			printf("請(qǐng)白棋落子:");
			while (1) {
				scanf("%d %d", &i, &j);
				if (chessboard[i][j] != BLANK) {
					printf("該位置已有棋子，請(qǐng)重新輸入\n");        //棋子只能落在空白處
					continue;
				}
				if (i >= MAX_ROW || j >= MAX_COL || i< 0 || j< 0) {
					printf("輸入超出棋盤(pán)范圍，請(qǐng)重新輸入\n");     //棋子坐標(biāo)不可超出棋盤(pán)
					continue;
				}
				break;
			}
			chessboard[i][j] = WHITE;
			draw_chessboardn(MAX_ROW, MAX_COL, chessboard);
			if (is_win(chessboard, MAX_ROW,  MAX_COL) == WHITE) {
				printf("白棋勝");
				exit(0);
			}
			save_chess(chessboard, MAX_ROW, MAX_COL);
		}
	}
	if (is_full(chessboard, MAX_ROW, MAX_COL) == 1)
		printf("棋盤(pán)已滿(mǎn)");
}
//判斷棋盤(pán)是否已滿(mǎn)
int is_full(int chessboard[][MAX_COL], int row, int col) {
	int ret = 1;
	for (int i = 0; i< row; i++) {
		for (int j = 0; j< col; j++) {
			if (chessboard[i][j] == BLANK) {        //遍歷數(shù)組，當(dāng)有一個(gè)位置為空，則棋盤(pán)不滿(mǎn)
				ret = 0;
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	return ret;
}
//判斷勝負(fù)
int is_win(int chessboard[][MAX_COL], int row, int col) {
	int i, j;
	for (i = 0; i< row; i++) {
		for (j = 0; j< col; j++) {
			if (chessboard[i][j] == BLANK)
				continue;
			if (j< col - 4)
				if (chessboard[i][j] == chessboard[i][j + 1] && chessboard[i][j] == chessboard[i][j + 2]
				        && chessboard[i][j] == chessboard[i][j + 3] && chessboard[i][j] == chessboard[i][j + 4])
					return chessboard[i][j];
			if (i< row - 4)
				if (chessboard[i][j] == chessboard[i + 1][j] && chessboard[i][j] == chessboard[i + 2][j]
				        && chessboard[i][j] == chessboard[i + 3][j] && chessboard[i][j] == chessboard[i + 4][j])
					return chessboard[i][j];
			if (i< row - 4 && j< col - 4)
				if (chessboard[i][j] == chessboard[i + 1][j + 1] && chessboard[i][j] == chessboard[i + 2][j + 2]
				        && chessboard[i][j] == chessboard[i + 3][j + 3] && chessboard[i][j] == chessboard[i + 4][j + 4])
					return chessboard[i][j];
			if (i< row - 4 && j >4)
				if (chessboard[i][j] == chessboard[i + 1][j - 1] && chessboard[i][j] == chessboard[i + 2][j - 2]
				        && chessboard[i][j] == chessboard[i + 3][j - 3] && chessboard[i][j] == chessboard[i + 4][j - 4])
					return chessboard[i][j];
		}
	}
	return BLANK;
}
//人機(jī)對(duì)戰(zhàn)
void person_computer_random(void) {
	int chessboard[MAX_ROW][MAX_COL] = {BLANK};
	int i, j;
	draw_chessboardn(MAX_ROW, MAX_COL, chessboard);
	for (int step = 1; step<= MAX_ROW * MAX_COL; step++) {
		if (step % 2 == 1) {
			printf("請(qǐng)黑棋落子:");
			while (1) {
				scanf("%d %d", &i, &j);
				if (chessboard[i][j] != BLANK) {
					printf("該位置已有棋子，請(qǐng)重新輸入\n");
					continue;
				}
				if (i >= MAX_ROW || j >= MAX_COL || i< 0 || j< 0) {
					printf("輸入超出棋盤(pán)范圍，請(qǐng)重新輸入\n");
					continue;
				}
				break;
			}
			chessboard[i][j] = BLACK;
			draw_chessboardn(MAX_ROW, MAX_COL, chessboard);
			if (is_win(chessboard, MAX_ROW, MAX_COL) == BLACK) {
				printf("黑棋勝");
				exit(0);
			}
			save_chess(chessboard, MAX_ROW, MAX_COL);
		} else if (step % 2 == 0) {
			while (1) {
				i = random_create_point();
				j = random_create_point();
				if (chessboard[i][j] == BLANK)
					break;
			}
			chessboard[i][j] = WHITE;
			draw_chessboardn(MAX_ROW, MAX_COL, chessboard);
			if (is_win(chessboard, MAX_ROW,  MAX_COL) == WHITE) {
				printf("白棋勝");
				exit(0);
			}
			save_chess(chessboard, MAX_ROW, MAX_COL);
		}
	}
	if (is_full(chessboard, MAX_ROW, MAX_COL) == 1)
		printf("棋盤(pán)已滿(mǎn)");
}
//存盤(pán)
void  save_chess(int chessboard[][MAX_COL], int row, int col) {
	int choice ;
	FILE *fp;
	printf("是否選擇結(jié)束游戲，并保存當(dāng)前棋局\n");
	printf("*********1.存盤(pán)并退出***********\n");
	printf("*********2.繼續(xù)游戲*************\n");
	printf("請(qǐng)選擇 :");
	while (1) {
		scanf("%d", &choice);
		if (choice >2) {
			printf("輸入錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)重新選擇\n");
			continue;
		}
		break;
	}
	if (choice == 1) {
		if ( ( fp = fopen( "Save_chess.txt", "w" ) ) == NULL ) {
			printf(" 保存失敗\n");
		} else {
			for (int i = 0; i< row; i++) {
				for (int j = 0; j< col; j++) {
					fprintf(fp, "%d", chessboard[i][j]);
				}
			}
			fclose(fp);
			printf("恭喜您，保存成功");
		}
		exit(0);
	}
}
//復(fù)盤(pán)
void replay_chess(void) {
	int  chessboard[MAX_ROW][MAX_COL] = {BLANK};
	FILE *fp;
	char ch;
	if ((fp = fopen("Save_chess.txt", "w")) == NULL) {
		printf("復(fù)盤(pán)失敗");
	} else {
		for (int i = 0; i< MAX_ROW; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j< MAX_COL; j++) {
				fscanf(fp, "%d", chessboard[i][j]);
			}
		}
		fclose(fp);
		draw_chessboardn(MAX_ROW, MAX_COL, chessboard);
	}
}

五、總結(jié)

用C語(yǔ)言設(shè)計(jì)五子棋小游戲的過(guò)程中，充分利用了C當(dāng)中的數(shù)組和循環(huán)判斷的知識(shí)，通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)五子棋的實(shí)踐，更加深入的理解C。有錯(cuò)誤大家可以指出，共同進(jìn)步。

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