誰可以幫忙翻譯一下呀！TMT是高管的意思（翻譯的好再加分） 不要機器翻譯！就今天哦

新企業(yè)績效

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Recent findings linking TMT composition and dynamics with new venture performance have been substantial.最近,高管的組成和動態(tài)關(guān)系與新企業(yè)績效的關(guān)系有很多研究. In this regard, empirical evidence has identified clear linkages between the composition and group dynamics variables that we have described in the preceding sections with the survival and growth of startups. 在這方面,實證研究已經(jīng)明確了組成與動態(tài)變量之間的關(guān)系,這些我們已經(jīng)在之前關(guān)于初創(chuàng)企業(yè)的生存和發(fā)展闡述了.The foundation of these studies has been based in upper echelons theory, which argues that firms are a reflection of the top managers that lead them. 這些研究的基礎(chǔ)建立在高層理論,認為公司的發(fā)展反映了高層管理者狀態(tài)。This link has been supported through the study of several thousand new ventures, as well as countless larger and more established organizations.這種關(guān)系通過對幾千個新企業(yè)的研究而被證實,同時也被較大的和完善的組織證明了.Such relationships, however, are typically found to be most robust in the new venture context.然而,這種關(guān)系在新企業(yè)背景下里被發(fā)現(xiàn)是最很強勁的.This is because the new venture context tends to be characterized by “weak” rather than “strong” strong situations.這是由于新創(chuàng)企業(yè)的環(huán)境特點取向于較弱而不是較強的狀態(tài). Mischel (1977) describes strong situations as those in which there are relatively uniform expectancies regarding appropriate behavior.Mischel(1977年)描述強大的狀態(tài)為關(guān)于適當(dāng)?shù)男袨橛休^統(tǒng)一的期望. In strong situations certain behaviors are reinforced by normative expectations and incentive structures that support learning those behaviors. Weak situations lack these characteristics and do not provide clear incentives, support, or normative expectations for what constitutes appropriate behavior. 在強的狀態(tài)下,特定的行為被大家所期望的規(guī)范以及哪些支持學(xué)習(xí)這些行為的激勵系統(tǒng)所強化.而在若的狀態(tài)下,由于缺乏了這些特點,而沒有為特定行為提供清晰的激勵支持系統(tǒng)或者期望規(guī)范. It has been demonstrated that in weak situations, the individual characteristics and behavior of top management are likely to display clearer linkages to organizational outcomes than those acting within strong situations (Beaty et al., 2001).已經(jīng)證明,在弱的情況下,高層管理團隊的個人特性和行為,比在強的狀態(tài)下,傾向于與組織績效有著更明顯的聯(lián)系.As a result, it is anticipated that the top management team composition and dynamic variables that we have outlined will account for a lower proportion of variance in firm performance for university based start-ups than for those without such affiliation.因此,我們可以預(yù)期,高層團隊的組成和動態(tài)變量在以大學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)的創(chuàng)業(yè)企業(yè)中對公司的影響要小于沒有這種附屬關(guān)系的. In addition, the homogenous nature and less developed dynamics of university-based newventure top management teams should lead to deficits in firms performance as compared to that of independent start-ups. 進而,相似的特點和較少的動態(tài)改變使得基于大學(xué)的新創(chuàng)企業(yè)管理團隊會比獨立的新創(chuàng)企業(yè)容易引起赤字. This leads us to our final hypotheses這使我們做最后的假設(shè):

Hypothesis 3. The amount of variance in firm performance that is accounted for by new venture TMT composition and dynamics will be lower for universitybased start-ups than for independent start-ups. 假設(shè)3。基于大學(xué)的創(chuàng)業(yè)團隊的的組成與動態(tài)關(guān)系對公司績效的影響程度要小于獨立的新創(chuàng)企業(yè).

Hypothesis 4. The performance of university-based start-ups will be lower than the performance of independent start-ups.假設(shè)4。基于大學(xué)的新創(chuàng)企業(yè)的績效劣于獨立的新創(chuàng)企業(yè)

求高手翻譯!!急急急

本節(jié)描述一個框架，分析時間序列性能的存款

保險費，銀行資本和銀行的損失，從失敗中。因為我們想比較

性能繳付的保費下，針對政策，模型，整個銀行

制度是必要的。這是因為保費下，針對政策取決于對當(dāng)前

水平的保險基金的儲備，這反過來又依賴于歷史而提出的申索

對基金從銀行倒閉之前。因此，動態(tài)的保費下

針對政策將取決于動態(tài)總結(jié)銀行的損失，銀行的損失將

依賴于分布的銀行資本（資產(chǎn)凈值）為銀行體系。

在該模型所描述的未來，無論是連續(xù)隨機沖擊和離散確定性

調(diào)整在ˉ uence銀行的資本水平。該模型是基于以下3

假設(shè)。

This section describes a framework for analyzing the time series properties of deposit

insurance premiums, bank capital, and bank losses from failures. Since we wish to compare

the properties of premiums paid under a targeting policy, a model of the entire banking

system is needed. This is because premiums under a targeting policy depend on the current

level of insurance fund reserves, which, in turn, depends on the history of claims made

against the fund from prior bank failures. Therefore, the dynamics of the premium under a

targeting policy will depend on the dynamics of aggregate bank losses, and bank losses will

depend on the distribution of bank capital (net worth) for the banking system.

In the model described next, both continuous random shocks and discrete deterministic

adjustments inˉuence banks' capital levels. The model is based on the following three

assumptions.

3 。建模動態(tài)的存款保險的保費和損失

3. Modeling the dynamics of deposit insurance premiums and losses