With the direct-drive technology, linear motor and the traditional "rotary servo motor + ball screw" in contrast to drive the industry's concern.
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The British in 1845 had invented the linear electric motor, but the linear motor air-gap is too large resulting in low efficiency, can not be applied. 19th century 70s Kollmorgen also launched, but due to the high cost and low efficiency limited its development. 70s until the 20th century, the linear motor to the progressive development and application of some special area, the 20th century, the beginning of 90's linear motor used in the machine manufacturing industry, now some of the world's technologically advanced manufacturers of machining centers in its application of high-speed machine tools, foreign well-known enterprises such as DMG, Ex-cell-O, Ingersoll, CINCI ATI, GROB, MATEC, MAZAK, FANUC, SODICK have rolled out the use of linear motor centers of the high-speed and high precision.
HIWIN linear products as the world leader in the ball screw and linear slide after success in recent years on its own R D and production of a linear motor, and in the field of high-speed and high precision good performance.
HIWIN below the main reference of the company's advanced high-speed silent SUPER S series screw-type (DN value of 220,000) and the linear motor HIWIN several major features in some of the more so, for the relevant industry to provide a reference.
Accuracy:
Precision linear motor drive mechanism by a simple interpolation to reduce the lag issues, positioning accuracy and reproducibility precision, absolute precision, through the position detection feedback control will be more "rotary servo motor + ball screw" high, and easy to implement.
Linear motor positioning accuracy of up to 0.1μm. "Rotary servo motor + ball screw" up to 2 ~ 5μm, and the requirements of CNC-servo motors - even without coupling gap - thrust bearing - Cooling System - high-precision rolling guide - Nut Block - table closed-loop system as a whole transmission part to lighter, higher precision grating.
To achieve higher stability, "rotary servo motor + ball screw" to take dual-axis drive, linear motor is a high-heat components, the cold to take strong measures to achieve the same end, the linear motor will pay a higher price .
Price comparison:
Linear motor prices to much higher prices, which is restricted by linear motor of the reasons for wider application.
Speed comparison:
Speed linear motor with a considerable advantage, linear motor speed of 300m/min, acceleration reached 10g; ball screw speed of 120m/min, acceleration is 1.5g. Speed and acceleration from the contrast, the linear motor has a considerable advantage, and the linear motor in the successful resolution of fever after the speed will improve on that level, and "rotary servo motor + ball screw" in the speed limit has been difficult to further increase more.
Because of the dynamic response from the movement of inertia and the gap as well as institutional issues such as the complexity of linear motor also has an absolute advantage.
Speed control on the linear motor because of its fast response, wide speed range, you can start to achieve the highest instantaneous speed, high-speed run-time and can stop quickly. Speed range up to 1:10000.
Comparison of energy consumption:
Linear motors provide the same torque in the power consumption at the time of the "rotating servo motor + ball screw" more than doubled, "rotary servo motor + ball screw" is energy saving, by type power transmission components, linear motor control system reliability by stability, a great influence on the perimeter to take effective protective measures and the magnetic traps, rolling off a strong magnetic field on the impact of rail and the absorption of iron magnetic dust.
Following this example to make it easier for us to know the linear motor and the "rotating servo motor + ball screw" a number of characteristics:
Japan, a company high-speed gantry type machining center. X, Y-axis linear motor drive using V = 120m/min. Why does the company "spin servo motor + ball screw (HIWIN SUPER S series)"? SUPER S Although the DN as the value has gone through a screw from the traditional 70000-150000 to 220000 of the acceleration process, but because of the weakness of pure mechanical transmission, the line speed, acceleration, increased range of travel is always limited . Φ40 × 20mm if selected product is vmax = 110m/min, due to the high speed nmax = 5500r/min trip by the critical speed range Nc constraints obviously not too long.
If the large lead Φ40 × 40mm products, while Vmax = 220m/min, which obviously can not meet the high positioning accuracy of occasions. DN values to achieve 220,000 reflected from one aspect of HIWIN design, manufacturing standards. If we choose Φ40 × 20 (double) mm product, in the n ≈ 4000 ~ 5000r/min, V = 80 ~ 100m/min state use, its safety, reliability, service life can be higher than expected. In fact so far, in the high-speed high-precision CNC machine cut gold (CNC forming machine tools other than) the speed is still V ≥ 120m/min using SUPER S Series driver did not see a successful example. In fact, "rotary servo motor + ball screw" the best applications are: the requirements V = 40 ~ 100m/min, acceleration of 0.8 ~ 1.5 (2.0) g, the accuracy of more than P3-class mid-range high-speed CNC equipment and some high-end number of control equipment.
Application of comparison:
In fact, the linear motor and the "rotating servo motor + ball screw" Despite the way the two drivers have their own advantages, but there are also its Achilles heel. Both have their own CNC machine tools on the scope of application of the best.
Linear motor drive CNC equipment in the following areas of unique advantages: high-speed, ultra high-speed, high acceleration and large-volume production, will require a location more than the movement, speed and direction of the frequent changes in the size of the occasion. For example, the automobile industry and IT industry, production lines, sophisticated manufacturing mold.
Large, long journey of high speed machining centers, aerospace manufacturing industry in light alloy, thin-walled, metal removal rate of the overall component "hollowing" processing. Such as the United States CINCI ATI's "Hyper Mach" Machining Center (46m); Japan MAZAK's "HYPERSONIC 1400L ultra-high-speed machining center.
High dynamic performance, low-speed and high-speed mobility with the time, the dynamics of a highly sensitive precision positioning. For example, Sodick, represented a new generation of high-performance CNC EDM, CNC ultra-precision machine tools, a new generation of CPC crankshaft grinders, cam grinders, CNC lathes and other non-circular.
Light load, rapid special CNC equipment. DMG Germany, for instance, the "DML80 Fine Cutting" laser engraving, drilling machine, Belgium LVD's "AXEL3015S" laser cutting machine, MAZAK the "Hyper Cear510" high-speed laser processing machine.
Germany DMG production all kinds of companies known for high-performance CNC equipment in its feed system servo linear motor used in earlier, but also a high rate of adoption (after models in the machine marked "Linear"), the company's two drive configurations are three types:
All configuration of the axis of linear motor drive "rapid-type" CNC equipment. For example: DMC85V Linear, DMC75V Linear, DMC105V Linear, DMC60H Linear, DMC80H Linear and DML80-Fine Cutting machines such as laser processing.
Mixed-driven. For example: DMF500 Linear dynamic large-scale vertical machining center column in the X axis (trip 5m) with linear motor, V = 100m/min; and in Y, Z axis is the "rotating ball screw servo motor +", V = 60m/min.
All configuration of the coordinate axis "rotary servo motor + ball screw" and "strong-type" processing center. For example: DMC63H high-speed horizontal machining center, V = 80m/min, acceleration of 1g, positioning accuracy of 0.008mm. In addition, DMC80H and DMC100H, DMC125H (duo BLOCK), as well as such DMC60T.
The two drivers in Germany at the same time the use of DMG was also stating that they have their own advantages. Linear motor is much room for improvement, the future of linear motor technologies become more mature, and production up and costs come down, the application will be more extensive, but saving energy, green manufacturing perspective, as well as to consider the characteristics of the two structures "rotary servo motor + ball screw" drive still has its broad market space. Will become a high-speed linear motor (ultra-high-speed), high-end CNC equipment in the mainstream at the same time drive, "rotary servo motor + ball screw" will continue to maintain its mid-range high-speed CNC equipment in the mainstream.
在網(wǎng)上翻譯的
隨著直接驅(qū)動技術(shù)的發(fā)展，直線電機與傳統(tǒng)的“旋轉(zhuǎn)伺服電機+滾珠絲杠”的驅(qū)動方式的對比引起業(yè)界的關(guān)注。
1845年英國人就已經(jīng)發(fā)明了直線電動機，但當(dāng)時的直線電動機氣隙過大導(dǎo)致效率很低，無法應(yīng)用。19世紀70年代科爾摩根也推出過，但因成本高效率低限制了它的發(fā)展。直到20世紀70年代以后，直線電機才逐步發(fā)展并應(yīng)用于一些特殊領(lǐng)域，20世紀90年代直線電機開始應(yīng)用于機械制造業(yè)，現(xiàn)在世界一些技術(shù)先進的加工中心廠家開始在其高速機床上應(yīng)用，國外知名企業(yè)例如DMG、Ex-cell-O、Ingersoll、CINCI ATI、GROB、MATEC、MAZAK、FANUC、SODICK都陸續(xù)推出使用直線電機的高速高精加工中心。
HIWIN做為世界線性產(chǎn)品的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，在滾珠絲杠和線性滑軌方面取得成功后，于近幾年自行研發(fā)和生產(chǎn)了直線電機，并且在高速高精領(lǐng)域取得不錯的業(yè)績。
下面主要參考HIWIN公司的先進的高速靜音式絲杠 SUPER S 系列（DN值達22萬）和HIWIN的直線電機在幾個主要特性上做一些比較，為相關(guān)業(yè)者提供一個參考。
精度比較：
精度方面直線電機因傳動機構(gòu)簡單減少了插補滯后的問題，定位精度、重現(xiàn)精度、絕對精度，通過位置檢測反饋控制都會較“旋轉(zhuǎn)伺服電機+滾珠絲杠”高，且容易實現(xiàn)。
直線電機定位精度可達0.1μm?！靶D(zhuǎn)伺服電機+滾珠絲杠”最高達到2~5μm，且要求CNC-伺服電機-無隙連軸器-止推軸承-冷卻系統(tǒng)-高精度滾動導(dǎo)軌-螺母座-工作臺閉環(huán)整個系統(tǒng)的傳動部分要輕量化，光柵精度要高。
若想達到較高平穩(wěn)性，“旋轉(zhuǎn)伺服電機+滾珠絲杠”要采取雙軸驅(qū)動，直線電機是高發(fā)熱部件，需采取強冷措施，要達到相同目的，直線電機則要付出更大的代價。
價格比較：
價格方面直線電機的價格要高出很多，這也是限制直線電機被更廣泛應(yīng)用的原因。
速度比較：
速度方面直線電機具有相當(dāng)大的優(yōu)勢，直線電機速度達到300m/min，加速度達到10g；滾珠絲杠速度為120m/min，加速度為1.5g。從速度上和加速度的對比上，直線電機具有相當(dāng)大的優(yōu)勢，而且直線電機在成功解決發(fā)熱問題后速度還會進一步提高，而“旋轉(zhuǎn)伺服電機+滾珠絲杠”在速度上卻受到限制很難再提高較多。
從動態(tài)響應(yīng)上因為運動慣量和間隙以及機構(gòu)復(fù)雜性等問題直線電機也占有絕對的優(yōu)勢。
速度控制上直線電機因其響應(yīng)快，調(diào)速范圍更寬，可以實現(xiàn)啟動瞬間達到最高轉(zhuǎn)速，高速運行時又能迅速停止。調(diào)速范圍可達到1：10000。
能耗比較：
直線電機在提供同樣轉(zhuǎn)矩時的能耗是“旋轉(zhuǎn)伺服電機+滾珠絲杠”一倍以上，“旋轉(zhuǎn)伺服電機+滾珠絲杠”屬于節(jié)能、增力型傳動部件，直線電機可靠性受控制系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性影響，對周邊的影響很大必須采取有效隔磁與防護措施，隔斷強磁場對滾動導(dǎo)軌的影響和對鐵屑磁塵的吸附。
通過以下這個例子更容易使大家了解直線電機和“旋轉(zhuǎn)伺服電機+滾珠絲杠”的一些特點：
日本某公司超高速龍門式加工中心。X、Y軸采用直線電動機驅(qū)動V=120m/min。該公司為何不應(yīng)用“旋轉(zhuǎn)伺服電機+滾珠絲杠(HIWIN SUPER S 系列）”？因為SUPER S雖然DN值已經(jīng)歷了從傳統(tǒng)絲杠7萬到15萬再到22萬的提速進程，但由于存在純機械傳動的軟肋，其線速度、加速度、行程范圍的增加總是有限的。若選用Φ40×20mm的產(chǎn)品，則vmax=110m/min，因nmax=5500r/min轉(zhuǎn)速很高，行程范圍受臨界轉(zhuǎn)速Nc的制約顯然不可能太長。
若采用大導(dǎo)程Φ40×40mm產(chǎn)品，則Vmax=220m/min，這顯然又不能滿足定位精度高的場合。能達到DN值22萬從一個側(cè)面反映了HIWIN的設(shè)計、制造水準。如果我們選擇Φ40×20(雙頭)mm產(chǎn)品，在n≈4000~5000r/min，V=80～100m/min狀態(tài)下使用，其安全性、可靠性、工作壽命均可高于預(yù)期值。事實上到目前為止，在高速高精CNC金切機床中(CNC成形機床除外)速度V≥120m/min仍采用SUPER S系列驅(qū)動的成功范例未見到。實際上“旋轉(zhuǎn)伺服電機+滾珠絲杠”的最佳應(yīng)用場合是：要求V=40~100m/min，加速度0.8~1.5(2.0)g，精度P3級以上的中檔高速數(shù)控裝備和部分高檔數(shù)控裝備。
應(yīng)用比較：
事實上，直線電機和“旋轉(zhuǎn)伺服電機+滾珠絲杠”兩種驅(qū)動方式盡管各有優(yōu)勢，但也有自身的軟肋。兩者在數(shù)控機床上都有各自最佳的適用范圍。
直線電機驅(qū)動在以下數(shù)控裝備領(lǐng)域具有得天獨厚的優(yōu)勢：高速、超高速、高加速度和生產(chǎn)批量大、要求定位的運動多、速度大小和方向頻繁變化的場合。例如汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)和IT產(chǎn)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)線，精密、復(fù)雜模具的制造。
大型、超長行程高速加工中心，航空航天制造業(yè)中輕合金、薄壁、金屬去除率大的整體構(gòu)件“鏤空”加工。例如美國CINCI ATI公司的“Hyper Mach”加工中心(46m)；日本MAZAK公司的“HYPERSONIC 1400L超高速加工中心。
要求高動態(tài)特性、低速和高速時的隨動性、高靈敏的動態(tài)精密定位。例如，以Sodick為代表的新一代高性能CNC電加工機床、CNC超精密機床、新一代CPC曲軸磨床、凸輪磨床、CNC非圓車床等。
輕載、快速特種CNC裝備。例如德國DMG的“DML80 Fine Cutting”激光雕刻、打孔機，比利時LVD公司的“AXEL3015S”激光切割機，MAZAK的“Hyper Cear510”高速激光加工機等。
德國DMG公司以批量生產(chǎn)各類高性能數(shù)控裝備著稱，在其伺服進給系統(tǒng)中采用直線電機較早，而且采用率也是很高的(均在機床型號后標(biāo)注“Linear”)，該公司對兩種驅(qū)動方式的配置有三種類型：
各坐標(biāo)軸全部配置直線電機驅(qū)動的“快速型”數(shù)控裝備。例如：DMC85V Linear、DMC75V Linear、DMC105V Linear、DMC60H Linear、DMC80H Linear以及DML80-Fine Cutting激光加工機等。
混合驅(qū)動型。例如：DMF500 Linear動柱式大型立式加工中心，在X軸(行程5m)配直線電機，V=100m/min；而在Y、Z軸則采用“旋轉(zhuǎn)伺服電機+滾珠絲杠”，V=60m/min。
各坐標(biāo)軸全部配置“旋轉(zhuǎn)伺服電機+滾珠絲杠”的“強力型”加工中心。例如：DMC63H高速臥式加工中心，V=80m/min，加速度1g，定位精度0.008mm。此外還有DMC80H和DMC100H、DMC125H (duo BLOCK)以及DMC60T等。
兩種驅(qū)動方式在德國DMG公司被同時運用也說明他們具有各自的優(yōu)勢。直線電機的提升空間很大，未來直線電機的技術(shù)更加成熟了、產(chǎn)量上去了、成本下降了，應(yīng)用也會更加廣泛，但從節(jié)能降耗、綠色制造的角度思考，以及兩種結(jié)構(gòu)自身特點考慮“旋轉(zhuǎn)伺服電機+滾珠絲杠”驅(qū)動仍有其廣闊的市場空間。直線電機將成為高速(超高速)、高檔數(shù)控裝備中的主流驅(qū)動方式的同時，“旋轉(zhuǎn)伺服電機+滾珠絲杠”依然會繼續(xù)保持其在中檔高速數(shù)控裝備中的主流地位。
原文地址
為火車提供動力的有蒸汽機，柴油機，都是熱機的一種，柴油機也是內(nèi)燃機。還有電力機車的電動機。汽車動力有內(nèi)燃機中的汽油機，柴油機，現(xiàn)在還有電動汽車的電動機。動力學(xué)不只是為交通工具服務(wù)，還有其他的工業(yè)民用的應(yīng)用。
高效動力是指高效的動力系統(tǒng)，在行駛過程中可以降低油耗，增強動力，節(jié)約能源，保護環(huán)境。高效動力電池組采用小尺寸設(shè)計，總重量僅為84.82kg，由于體積小，只需2.5小時即可完全充滿這款唯一的重型電池組。此外，在使用電驅(qū)動時，新車的前格柵會變藍，前置發(fā)動機的散熱孔會主動關(guān)閉，降低風(fēng)阻系數(shù)。高效動力四輪驅(qū)動，前后輪分別由兩臺電機驅(qū)動。新車百公里加速時間為4.8秒，最高時速限制在250km/h。重要的是，在實現(xiàn)這一性能的同時，其油耗僅為3.76升，每公里二氧化碳排放量為99克。
Efficientdynamics（高效動力）這個系統(tǒng)可以在您駕駛過程中油耗更低，動力更強，節(jié)能環(huán)保。寶馬Vision?EfficientDynamics是一款插電式渦輪增壓柴油混合動力概念車。
Efficient Dynamics電池組采用了小體積設(shè)計，全重僅為84.82kg，而且由于電池組較小所以完全充滿這組僅重的電池組也僅需2.5小時。另外在采用電力驅(qū)動時新車的前格柵會變?yōu)樗{色，而且前發(fā)動機的散熱孔會主動關(guān)閉，用來減小風(fēng)阻系數(shù)。
Efficient Dynamics采用四輪驅(qū)動，兩臺電動機分別用來驅(qū)動前/后車輪。新車百公里加速時間4.8秒，極速被限制在250km/h。重要的是，在實現(xiàn)這樣的性能表現(xiàn)同時，其油耗僅為3.76L，每公里二氧化碳排放量為99g。
擴展資料：
這款2+2概念跑車的是一臺3缸1.5L渦輪增壓柴油發(fā)動機，另有一套電力驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)。整車的混動動力單元總計輸出356馬力最大功率和800N·m的峰值扭矩。
在車身中間從前到后縱向排列了98個鋰聚合物電池，每個電量為30安培時，能以3.7伏的電壓輸出600安培的電流。在需要額外動力的情況下，如超車時，每個電池的輸出電流可以猛增到1200安培。
電池組的總重量約為86公斤。車載電腦能使電池保持最佳的工作狀態(tài)，即在車輛行駛時放電量永遠不超過放電總?cè)萘浚?0.6千瓦/時）的80%。
Vision的充電可通過插入式接口進行。使用220伏16安培的電源，完全充電需用2.5小時，使用380伏21安培電源僅需44分鐘。在全電動模式下，這款概念車可行駛50公里。在柴油機和25升的油箱的幫助下，續(xù)航里程可達690公里。
參考資料來源：百度百科-寶馬EfficientDynamics
重慶分公司
重慶分公司
