dynamics的意思比kinetics要廣很多,以下是dynamics的釋義,只有第一義項(xiàng)下兩者可以通用。
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1)(used with a sing. verb)The branch of mechanics that is concerned with the effects of forces on the motion of a body or system of bodies, especially of forces that do not originate within the system itself.Also called kinetics
(與單數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用)動(dòng)力學(xué):機(jī)械學(xué)的分支,有關(guān)各種力量在運(yùn)動(dòng)體或運(yùn)動(dòng)體系統(tǒng)上的作用,尤指非系統(tǒng)本身產(chǎn)生的力也作 kinetics
2)(used with a pl. verb)The forces and motions that characterize a system:
(與復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用)動(dòng)態(tài):可代表這種系統(tǒng)的各種力或其運(yùn)動(dòng):
The dynamics of ocean waves are complex.
海浪的運(yùn)動(dòng)是復(fù)雜的
3)(used with a pl. verb)The social, intellectual, or moral forces that produce activity and change in a given sphere:
(與復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用)社會(huì)力量:社會(huì)的、理智的或道德的力量,它在一定范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生運(yùn)動(dòng)與變化:
The dynamics of international trade have influenced our business decisions on this matter.
國(guó)際貿(mào)易的動(dòng)態(tài)影響了我們對(duì)此所作的商務(wù)決定
4)(used with a pl. verb)Variation in force or intensity, especially in musical sound:
(與復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用)力度變化:力度上的變化,尤指音樂(lè)中:
“The conductor tended to overpower her with aggressive dynamics”(Thor Eckert, Jr.)
“指揮打算用過(guò)分的力度變化壓倒她”(小索爾·埃卡特)
5)(used with a sing. verb)Psychodynamics.
(與單數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用)精神動(dòng)力學(xué)
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在語(yǔ)言學(xué)中,kinetics有一個(gè)意思是dynamics沒(méi)有的,那就是“體態(tài)學(xué)”,主要研究的是肢體語(yǔ)言。
前者為名詞,意為"活力",它所表達(dá)的是事物展現(xiàn)的一種積極狀態(tài),是感官上的。如:China's dynamism is on the go all the time.(中國(guó)活力,彪炳史冊(cè)。)而后者同樣作為名詞,是實(shí)體可見(jiàn)的,意為"能量,能源",如:China is a strident advocate of new clear energy.(中國(guó)是新能源堅(jiān)定的倡導(dǎo)者。)
dynamics的意思比kinetics要廣很多,以下是dynamics的釋義,只有第一義項(xiàng)下兩者可以通用。
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1)(used with a sing. verb)The branch of mechanics that is concerned with the effects of forces on the motion of a body or system of bodies, especially of forces that do not originate within the system itself.Also called kinetics
(與單數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用)動(dòng)力學(xué):機(jī)械學(xué)的分支,有關(guān)各種力量在運(yùn)動(dòng)體或運(yùn)動(dòng)體系統(tǒng)上的作用,尤指非系統(tǒng)本身產(chǎn)生的力也作 kinetics
2)(used with a pl. verb)The forces and motions that characterize a system:
(與復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用)動(dòng)態(tài):可代表這種系統(tǒng)的各種力或其運(yùn)動(dòng):
The dynamics of ocean waves are complex.
海浪的運(yùn)動(dòng)是復(fù)雜的
3)(used with a pl. verb)The social, intellectual, or moral forces that produce activity and change in a given sphere:
(與復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用)社會(huì)力量:社會(huì)的、理智的或道德的力量,它在一定范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生運(yùn)動(dòng)與變化:
The dynamics of international trade have influenced our business decisions on this matter.
國(guó)際貿(mào)易的動(dòng)態(tài)影響了我們對(duì)此所作的商務(wù)決定
4)(used with a pl. verb)Variation in force or intensity, especially in musical sound:
(與復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用)力度變化:力度上的變化,尤指音樂(lè)中:
“The conductor tended to overpower her with aggressive dynamics”(Thor Eckert, Jr.)
“指揮打算用過(guò)分的力度變化壓倒她”(小索爾·??ㄌ?
5)(used with a sing. verb)Psychodynamics.
(與單數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用)精神動(dòng)力學(xué)
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在語(yǔ)言學(xué)中,kinetics有一個(gè)意思是dynamics沒(méi)有的,那就是“體態(tài)學(xué)”,主要研究的是肢體語(yǔ)言。
Dynamics是一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。在詞典中具有4種意思:
(1)力學(xué)的分支,考察物體在力的作用下所產(chǎn)生的運(yùn)動(dòng)。
The branch of mechanics concerned with the motion of bodies under the action of forces
(2)考察力或變化的科學(xué)分支。(如化學(xué)反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué))
The branch of any science in which forces or changes are considered, - chemical dynamics
(3)對(duì)于一個(gè)系統(tǒng)或過(guò)程中,能夠刺激生長(zhǎng)、發(fā)育或變化的力或?qū)傩?。(如the dynamics of changing social relations)
The forces or properties that stimulate growth, development, or change within a system or process. - the dynamics of changing social relations
(4)樂(lè)器不同部件中音量的變化。
The varying levels of volume of sound in different parts of a musical performance.
在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,和2、3相近的意思有:
(1)在物理學(xué)領(lǐng)域中,研究運(yùn)動(dòng)起因或運(yùn)動(dòng)中變化的原因的科學(xué)叫做動(dòng)力學(xué)。換而言之,動(dòng)力學(xué)是研究力的科學(xué),是試圖解釋為什么物體會(huì)處于運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)的科學(xué)。
In the field of physics, the study of the causes of motion and changes in motion is dynamics. In other words, the study of forces and why objects are in motion.
(2)dynamical或dynamic,形容詞。形容有(執(zhí)行)力的、強(qiáng)硬的、堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的品格,如a dynamic speaker(也可翻譯做電動(dòng)揚(yáng)聲器,但此處應(yīng)該做一個(gè)富有激情的演說(shuō)者之類(lèi)理解),公司的強(qiáng)有力的總裁(the dynamic president of the firm)。
dynamical - dynamic: characterized by action of forcefulness or force of personality; "a dynamic market"; "a dynamic speaker"; "the dynamic president fo the firm".
(3)動(dòng)力學(xué)系統(tǒng)的概念是描述一個(gè)點(diǎn)周?chē)臻g中位置的時(shí)間依賴(lài)性的固定規(guī)律的數(shù)學(xué)形式。
The dynanmical system concept is a mathematical formalization for any fixed "rule" which describes the time dependence of a point's position in its ambient space.
(4)描述物體在空間中相互作用和運(yùn)動(dòng)的方式。
The way that objects interact and move in space.
(5)幅度的變化
variations in amplitude
(6)從生物力學(xué)的角度描述運(yùn)動(dòng)中的人體
The biomechanical aspects of the human body in motion.
(7)一般而言,任何產(chǎn)生或影響運(yùn)動(dòng)的力。在航務(wù)氣象學(xué)中,動(dòng)力學(xué)通常是專(zhuān)指產(chǎn)生大氣垂直運(yùn)動(dòng)的力。
Generally, any forces that produce motion or affect change. In operational meteorology, dynamics usually refer specifically to forces that produce vertical motion in the atmosphere.
Dynamic是一個(gè)形容詞,在詞典中,是指:
(1)形容一個(gè)過(guò)程或一個(gè)系統(tǒng)中,具有恒定的變化、活動(dòng)或進(jìn)展
(of a process or system) Characterized by constant change, activity, or progress. - a dynamic economy
(2)形容一個(gè)人,具有積極的態(tài)度,充滿活力和新鮮的想法。
(of a person) Positive in attitude and full of energy and new ideas. - She's dynamic and determined.
(3)形容一件東西,能夠促進(jìn)發(fā)展、發(fā)育或進(jìn)展。
(of a thing) Stimulating development or progress. - the dynamic forces of nature
(4)形容能夠產(chǎn)生運(yùn)動(dòng)的力,或者與之相關(guān)的力。
Of or relating to forces producing motion
(5)形容一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,能夠表達(dá)出動(dòng)作、活動(dòng)、事件或過(guò)程
(of a verb) Expressing an action, activity, event, or process
(6)形容一種記憶裝置,需要通過(guò)周期性的電壓施加來(lái)達(dá)到刷新的目的。
(of a memory device) Needing to be refreshed by the periodic application of a voltage
(7)形容通過(guò)語(yǔ)音、樂(lè)器或錄音設(shè)備所產(chǎn)生的音量,或與之相關(guān)的。
Of or relating to the volume of sound produced by a voice, instrument, or sound recording equipment
(8)和產(chǎn)生音量的樂(lè)器、聲音或錄音設(shè)備有關(guān)的。
Relating to the volume of sound produced by an instrument, voice, or recording. - an astounding dynamic range.
考察dynamic和dynamical的區(qū)別,我發(fā)現(xiàn)原來(lái)很多人也搞不清楚,而在詞典中,這兩個(gè)詞經(jīng)常是混用的。當(dāng)然Dynamic還可以是一個(gè)名詞而Dynamical只能是一個(gè)形容詞。Dynamic做名詞時(shí),其實(shí)就是dynamics的單數(shù)形式,表示一種基本的或動(dòng)態(tài)的力,特別是那種導(dǎo)致、促進(jìn)或影響發(fā)育、發(fā)展或穩(wěn)定性的力。
a basic or dynamic force, especially one that motivates, affects development or stability, etc.
在另一個(gè)詞典中,查到dynamics的意思是:
(1)當(dāng)搭配一個(gè)單數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞使用時(shí):在物理中,表示研究處于力(一般是外力)的作用下的系統(tǒng)中的運(yùn)動(dòng)和平衡的力學(xué)分支。
(used with a singular verb) Physics. The branch of mechanics that deals with the motion and equilibrium of systems under the action of forces, usually from outside the system.
(2)當(dāng)搭配一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞使用時(shí):在物理或情感道德方面:激發(fā)或驅(qū)動(dòng)力。
(used with a plural verb) the motivating or driving forces, physical or moral, in any field.
(3)當(dāng)搭配一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞使用時(shí):表示增長(zhǎng)、變化、發(fā)展發(fā)育的模式或歷史。
(used with a plural verb) the pattern or history of growth, change, and development in any field.
(4)當(dāng)搭配一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞使用時(shí):樂(lè)器音量的變化或?qū)哟巍?/p>
(used with a plural verb) variation and gradation in the volume of musical sound.
(5)當(dāng)搭配一個(gè)單數(shù)動(dòng)詞使用時(shí),表示精神力學(xué)
(used with a singular verb) psychodynamics