[Violin 小提琴
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A stringed instrument played with a bow, having four strings tuned at intervals of a fifth, an unfretted fingerboard, and a shallower body than the viol and capable of great flexibility in range, tone, and dynamics.
用弓演奏的一種弦樂器，具有在第五音的音程上調(diào)音的四根弦和不分格指板，形體較古提琴淺，音域、音色和強(qiáng)弱相當(dāng)靈活]
[Viola 中提琴
stringed instrument of the violin family, slightly larger than a violin, tuned a fifth lower, and having a deeper, more sonorous tone.
提琴家族中的一種弦樂器，稍大于小提琴，調(diào)音比小提琴低五度，聲音更為深沉、洪亮]
[Cello 大提琴
A four-stringed instrument of the violin family, pitched lower than the viola but higher than the double bass.
一種提琴類四弦樂器，音調(diào)比中提琴低但比低音提琴高]
[Double bass 低音提琴或大貝司
The largest bowed stringed instrument in the modern orchestra, also used frequently in jazz ensembles, especially played pizzicato. The double bass, usually considered a member of the violin family, is tuned in fourths and has the sloping shoulders and flat back characteristic of the viols. It has a deep range beginning about three octaves below middle C.
尤用于撥奏的現(xiàn)代管弦樂隊(duì)的最大弓弦樂器，也常用于爵士樂合奏。低音提琴通常被算作提琴類，定弦為第四級(jí)音，頸部傾斜和背平是低音提琴的特點(diǎn)。它有始于中音以下三個(gè)八度音階的深度范圍]
[flute 長笛
A high-pitched woodwind instrument consisting of a slender tube closed at one end with keys and finger holes on the side and an opening near the closed end across which the breath is blown.
由一根一端封閉的纖細(xì)管子組成的高音木管樂器，側(cè)邊有按鍵和指孔，靠近封閉端有一個(gè)使氣流進(jìn)入的開口]
[piccolo 短笛
A small flute pitched an octave above a regular flute.
一種音調(diào)比普通笛子高八度音的小笛子]
[clarinet 單簧管
A woodwind instrument having a straight, cylindrical tube with a flaring bell and a single-reed mouthpiece, played by means of finger holes and keys.
單簧管，黑管一種管樂器，有直的圓筒形管身和一個(gè)外敞的管口及一個(gè)單簧吹口，以指孔和鍵的方式演奏]
[oboe 雙簧管
A slender woodwind instrument with a conical bore and a double reed mouthpiece, having a range of three octaves and a penetrating, poignant sound.
帶有一個(gè)圓錐形孔和雙簧管吹口的細(xì)小的木管樂器，具有三個(gè)八度音域和穿透力強(qiáng)而尖利的聲音]
[English horn 英國管
A double-reed woodwind instrument similar to but larger than the oboe and pitched lower by a fifth.
一種雙簧的木制管樂器，類似于雙簧管，但音高比雙簧管低五度]
[bassoon或fogotto 大管
A low-pitched woodwind instrument with a double reed, having a long wooden body attached to a U-shaped lateral tube that leads to the mouthpiece. The range of this instrument is typically two octaves lower than that of the oboe.
巴松管，低音管一種低調(diào)的有雙簧的木管樂器，有長的木質(zhì)管身并與通向吹口的側(cè)面管身相連，這種樂器的音域范圍比雙簧管明顯的低兩個(gè)八音度]
[double bassoon 低音大管
The largest and lowest pitched of the double-reed wind instruments, sounding an octave below the bassoon.
雙簧管系管樂器中音高最低的也是最大的樂器，比低音管的音高低一個(gè)八度]
[horn或French horn 圓號(hào)或法國圓號(hào)
A valved brass wind instrument that produces a mellow tone from a long, narrow tube that is coiled in a circle before ending in a flaring bell.
一種有活瓣的銅管樂器，從漩渦形且端部有喇叭口的又長又細(xì)的管子里發(fā)出圓潤的樂音]
[trumpet 小號(hào)
A soprano brass wind instrument consisting of a long metal tube looped once and ending in a flared bell, the modern type being equipped with three valves for producing variations in pitch.
一種高音銅管樂器，由一根從前為環(huán)狀的金屬管和呈喇叭口得末端構(gòu)成，現(xiàn)代小號(hào)上裝有三個(gè)活瓣以制造不同的音高]
[cornet 短號(hào)
A wind instrument of the trumpet class, having three valves operated by pistons.
號(hào)類的一種管樂器，有三個(gè)用活塞控制的栓塞]
[trombone 長號(hào)
A brass instrument consisting of a long cylindrical tube bent upon itself twice, ending in a bell-shaped mouth, and having a movable U-shaped slide for producing different pitches.
一種銅管樂器，由彎曲兩次的長圓筒形金屬管構(gòu)成，尾部有喇叭形口，有一個(gè)可滑動(dòng)的U形拉管，可發(fā)出不同音高的音]
[tuba 大號(hào)
A large, valved, brass wind instrument with a bass pitch.
大型帶活塞的低音銅管樂器]
[harp 豎琴
An instrument consisting of an upright, open triangular frame with usually 46 strings of graded lengths played by plucking with the fingers.
一種有一個(gè)通常系有四十六根長短不一的琴弦的直立的開放三角架、彈奏時(shí)用手指撥動(dòng)琴弦的樂器]
[piano 鋼琴
An instrument with a manual keyboard actuating hammers that strike wire strings, producing sounds that may be softened or sustained by means of pedals.
一種樂器，用手操作鍵盤驅(qū)動(dòng)打擊鋼絲線產(chǎn)生聲音，可以通過踏瓣的方式調(diào)輕聲音或使之持續(xù)不斷]
[organ 風(fēng)琴
An instrument consisting of a number of pipes that sound tones when supplied with air and a keyboard that operates a mechanism controlling the flow of air to the pipes.
一種由一定數(shù)量的靠輸送氣流發(fā)聲的管子和一個(gè)操縱機(jī)械裝置以使氣流通過管子的鍵盤構(gòu)成的樂器]
[harpsichord 羽管鍵琴
a stringed instrument resembling a grand piano but usually having two keyboards and two or more strings for each note and producing tones by the plucking of strings with plectra
一種臥式豎琴型或梯形的鍵盤樂器，類似三角鋼琴，但通常有兩層鍵盤（部分為一層，及其個(gè)別亦有三層）和兩套或更多的弦（每套發(fā)出不同音質(zhì)的音），通過羽管或皮制撥子（撥子連接一頂重器，一般為一根直立的木桿）撥弦，賴琴鍵內(nèi)端推動(dòng)發(fā)聲。]
[kettle drums或timpani 定音鼓]
[glockenspiel 鐘琴
A percussion instrument with a series of metal bars tuned to the chromatic scale and played with two light hammers.
按半音階調(diào)準(zhǔn)的分級(jí)金屬棒構(gòu)成的打擊樂器，用兩個(gè)輕槌擊奏]
[xylophone 木琴
A percussion instrument consisting of a mounted row of wooden bars graduated in length to sound a chromatic scale, played with two small mallets.
一種打擊樂器，由逐級(jí)加長的一排排鑲嵌的木棒組成，并發(fā)出半音音階，用兩個(gè)小木槌敲擊]
[bass drum 大鼓
A large drum having a cylindrical body and two heads and producing a low, resonant sound.
一種大鼓，有個(gè)圓筒形鼓身和兩個(gè)面，并能發(fā)出低沉的、共鳴的聲音]
[side drum 小鼓]
[cymbals 鈸]
[gong 鑼]
[triangl 三角鐵]
[tambourine 鈴鼓
An instrument consisting of a small drumhead with jingling disks that are fitted into the rim. It is shaken with one hand and struck with the other.
小手鼓，一種由邊緣嵌有能叮當(dāng)作響的小金屬片的小鼓面構(gòu)成的一種樂器，演奏時(shí)人們一只手搖它而另一只手敲它]
[lute 魯特琴（中文的琵琶也譯做lute)
A stringed instrument having a body shaped like a pear sliced lengthwise and a neck with a fretted fingerboard that is usually bent just below the tuning pegs.
一種縱向削制的形狀如梨的撥弦樂器，琴頸上有定音檔的指板，通常彎曲于調(diào)音單軸之下]
[mandolin 曼陀林
An instrument with a usually pear-shaped body and a fretted neck over which several pairs of strings are stretched.
常是梨形琴身，在有格紋的琴頸上裝有幾組供挑撥的琴弦]
[guitar 吉他
An instrument having a large, flat-backed sound box similar in shape to a violin, a long fretted neck, and usually six strings, played by strumming or plucking.
一種具有大而平的音箱的樂器，形狀與小提琴相似，琴頸長，通常有六根弦，為彈撥樂器]
爵士鼓專業(yè)術(shù)語
爵士鼓專業(yè)術(shù)語翻譯
bass/ bass drum/ kick/ kick drum/ 大鼓,底鼓
twin bass/ double bass/ twin kick/ 雙大鼓
twin pedal/ double pedal / 雙踏板
bass drum beater/ 踏板上面的敲槌
tom 桶鼓
mountend tom 掛架上的桶鼓
floor tom 地桶
snare/ snare drum 軍鼓
snare/ snappy snare 響弦
hoop/ 邊圈, 壓圈
rim/ 邊圈
bearing edge 鼓身與鼓皮接觸的部分.
drumhead/ head 鼓皮
batter head/ 打擊面皮
snare head 響弦皮
bottom head/ resonant head/ 桶鼓底鼓的底皮
tension 張力
tone 音高
tune (動(dòng)詞, 給鼓調(diào)音) tuning (名詞, 給樂器調(diào)音) 這里的調(diào)音不是調(diào)音臺(tái)上調(diào)音的概念.
以下是關(guān)于镲片的, 國內(nèi)的翻譯十分牽強(qiáng), 但似乎也沒有什么確切的詞語表達(dá)其原意, 為統(tǒng)一和理解起見, 就硬翻一次:
hi-hat 踩镲
crash 碎镲 (這么翻譯把crash 一詞象聲表達(dá)的爆發(fā)力都埋沒了,沒辦法)
ride 點(diǎn)镲 (因ride一詞, 有一種"行進(jìn)"的意味)
splash 水镲 (splash 是短促的濺水聲)
china/ china crash 中國镲, 反镲
bell 镲帽, 鐘形部位
taper 镲片的主要平面部分
edge 镲片邊
stick 鼓槌
tip 鼓槌頭部
nylon tip 尼龍頭, wood tip 木頭
neck 鼓槌頸部
butt end 鼓槌尾部
這些更是教材中經(jīng)常涉及的詞匯，關(guān)于基本的：
pattern： 形式，主要是用來分析槌法如何分配用的。 比如 the pattern "RLLRRL" could be used in various fills 就是 : RLLRRL這個(gè)形式可用在各種加花里。
sticking: 槌法。 play 16th notes in different stickings. ： 用不同的槌法演奏16分音符(rlrl, rrll, rlrr 等等）。
rudiments: 基本功
stroke: 擊
single stroke: 單擊一次
single stroke roll: 單擊滾奏， RLRLRLRL........ ，有時(shí)簡稱為singles
double stroke: 雙擊一次
double stroke roll: 雙擊滾奏，RRLLRRLLRRLLRRLL........., 有時(shí)簡稱doubles
flam: 單疊 lR, rL
drag: 雙疊 llR, rrL
paradiddle和類似的詞匯: 一個(gè)para就是一個(gè)交替， 一個(gè)diddle就是一個(gè)"嗒嗒"的雙擊。 所以 paraparadiddle 就是 RLRLRR,LRLRLL. flam-paradiddle-diddle 就是 lRLRRLL,rLRLLRR。 均可以此類推。
accent: 重音 throw in accents in ur paradiddles : 在復(fù)合跳中加入重音。
32nd/16th/8th/quarter/half/whole note: 32分/16分/8分/4分/半/全 音符。 (英國的說法可能不一樣，但不常見，不贅述）
triplet: 三連音
***tuplet: 六連音
dynamics: 強(qiáng)弱
GROOVE:律動(dòng)
even: 平均 常有這句話： make sure that each note/stroke is even. 確保每個(gè)音符/擊打都平均。
beat: 拍 和我們的習(xí)慣一樣，一般指4分音符作為一拍。
keep time: 保持時(shí)值。 a drummer is to keep time. 鼓手的職責(zé)就是保持時(shí)值。
weak/off hand: 弱手 train ur off hand. 訓(xùn)練你的弱手。
lead: 起 a left-lead pattern 一個(gè)左起的形式。 lead with your weak hand. 用你的弱手起。
bass/ bass drum/ kick/ kick drum/ 大鼓,底鼓
twin bass/ double bass/ twin kick/ 雙大鼓
twin pedal/ double pedal / 雙踏板
bass drum beater/ 踏板上面的敲槌 tom 桶鼓
mountend tom 掛架上的桶鼓
floor tom 地桶
snare/ snare drum 軍鼓
snare/ snappy snare 響弦 hoop/ 邊圈, 壓圈
rim/ 邊圈
bearing edge 鼓身與鼓皮接觸的部分.
drumhead/ head 鼓皮
batter head/ 打擊面皮
snare head 響弦皮
bottom head/ resonant head/ 桶鼓底鼓的底皮
tension 張力
tone 音高
tune (動(dòng)詞, 給鼓調(diào)音) tuning (名詞, 給樂器調(diào)音) 以下是關(guān)于镲片的, hi-hat 踩镲
crash 碎镲 ride 點(diǎn)镲 splash 水镲
china/ china crash 中國镲, 反镲
bell 镲帽, 鐘形部位
taper 镲片的主要平面部分
edge 镲片邊 stick 鼓槌
tip 鼓槌頭部
nylon tip 尼龍頭, wood tip 木頭
neck 鼓槌頸部
butt end 鼓槌尾部 pattern： 形式，主要是用來分析槌法如何分配用的。 sticking: 槌法。 play 16th notes in different stickings. ： 用不同的槌法演奏16分音符(rlrl, rrll, rlrr 等等）。 rudiments: 基本功 stroke: 擊
single stroke: 單擊一次
single stroke roll: 單擊滾奏， RLRLRLRL........ ，有時(shí)簡稱為singles
double stroke: 雙擊一次
double stroke roll: 雙擊滾奏，RRLLRRLLRRLLRRLL........., 有時(shí)簡稱doubles
flam: 單疊 lR, rL
drag: 雙疊 llR, rrL paradiddle和類似的詞匯: 一個(gè)para就是一個(gè)交替， 一個(gè)diddle就是一個(gè)"嗒嗒"的雙擊。 所以 paraparadiddle 就是 RLRLRR,LRLRLL. flam-paradiddle-diddle 就是 lRLRRLL,rLRLLRR。 均可以此類推。 accent: 重音 throw in accents in ur paradiddles : 在復(fù)合跳中加入重音。 32nd/16th/8th/quarter/half/whole note: 32分/16分/8分/4分/半/全 音符。 triplet: 三連音
sextuplet: 六連音 dynamics: 強(qiáng)弱 even: 平均 常有這句話： make sure that each note/stroke is even. 確保每個(gè)音符/擊打都平均。 beat: 拍 和我們的習(xí)慣一樣，一般指4分音符作為一拍。
keep time: 保持時(shí)值。 a drummer is to keep time. 鼓手的職責(zé)就是保持時(shí)值。
weak/off hand: 弱手 train ur off hand. 訓(xùn)練你的弱手。 lead: 起 a left-lead pattern 一個(gè)左起的形式。 lead with your weak hand. 用你的弱手起。
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