使用TensorFlow怎么實現(xiàn)模型評估？針對這個問題，這篇文章詳細介紹了相對應的分析和解答，希望可以幫助更多想解決這個問題的小伙伴找到更簡單易行的方法。
模型評估是非常重要的，隨后的每個模型都有模型評估方式。使用TensorFlow時，需要把模型評估加入到計算圖中，然后在模型訓練完后調(diào)用模型評估。
在訓練模型過程中，模型評估能洞察模型算法，給出提示信息來調(diào)試、提高或者改變整個模型。但是在模型訓練中并不是總需要模型評估，我們將展示如何在回歸算法和分類算法中使用它。
訓練模型之后，需要定量評估模型的性能如何。在理想情況下，評估模型需要一個訓練數(shù)據(jù)集和測試數(shù)據(jù)集，有時甚至需要一個驗證數(shù)據(jù)集。
想評估一個模型時就得使用大批量數(shù)據(jù)點。如果完成批量訓練，我們可以重用模型來預測批量數(shù)據(jù)點。但是如果要完成隨機訓練，就不得不創(chuàng)建單獨的評估器來處理批量數(shù)據(jù)點。
分類算法模型基于數(shù)值型輸入預測分類值，實際目標是1和0的序列。我們需要度量預測值與真實值之間的距離。分類算法模型的損失函數(shù)一般不容易解釋模型好壞，所以通常情況是看下準確預測分類的結果的百分比。
不管算法模型預測的如何，我們都需要測試算法模型，這點相當重要。在訓練數(shù)據(jù)和測試數(shù)據(jù)上都進行模型評估，以搞清楚模型是否過擬合。
重慶分公司
重慶分公司
# TensorFlowm模型評估
#
# This code will implement two models. The first
# is a simple regression model, we will show how to
# call the loss function, MSE during training, and
# output it after for test and training sets.
#
# The second model will be a simple classification
# model. We will also show how to print percent
# classified correctly during training and after
# for both the test and training sets.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.python.framework import ops
ops.reset_default_graph()
# 創(chuàng)建計算圖
sess = tf.Session()
# 回歸例子:
# We will create sample data as follows:
# x-data: 100 random samples from a normal ~ N(1, 0.1)
# target: 100 values of the value 10.
# We will fit the model:
# x-data * A = target
# 理論上, A = 10.
# 聲明批量大小
batch_size = 25
# 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)集
x_vals = np.random.normal(1, 0.1, 100)
y_vals = np.repeat(10., 100)
x_data = tf.placeholder(shape=[None, 1], dtype=tf.float32)
y_target = tf.placeholder(shape=[None, 1], dtype=tf.float32)
# 八二分訓練/測試數(shù)據(jù) train/test = 80%/20%
train_indices = np.random.choice(len(x_vals), round(len(x_vals)*0.8), replace=False)
test_indices = np.array(list(set(range(len(x_vals))) - set(train_indices)))
x_vals_train = x_vals[train_indices]
x_vals_test = x_vals[test_indices]
y_vals_train = y_vals[train_indices]
y_vals_test = y_vals[test_indices]
# 創(chuàng)建變量 (one model parameter = A)
A = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal(shape=[1,1]))
# 增加操作到計算圖
my_output = tf.matmul(x_data, A)
# 增加L2損失函數(shù)到計算圖
loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.square(my_output - y_target))
# 創(chuàng)建優(yōu)化器
my_opt = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.02)
train_step = my_opt.minimize(loss)
# 初始化變量
init = tf.global_variables_initializer()
sess.run(init)
# 迭代運行
# 如果在損失函數(shù)中使用的模型輸出結果經(jīng)過轉換操作，例如，sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits（）函數(shù)，
# 為了精確計算預測結果，別忘了在模型評估中也要進行轉換操作。
for i in range(100):
rand_index = np.random.choice(len(x_vals_train), size=batch_size)
rand_x = np.transpose([x_vals_train[rand_index]])
rand_y = np.transpose([y_vals_train[rand_index]])
sess.run(train_step, feed_dict={x_data: rand_x, y_target: rand_y})
if (i+1)%25==0:
print('Step #' + str(i+1) + ' A = ' + str(sess.run(A)))
print('Loss = ' + str(sess.run(loss, feed_dict={x_data: rand_x, y_target: rand_y})))
# 評估準確率(loss)
mse_test = sess.run(loss, feed_dict={x_data: np.transpose([x_vals_test]), y_target: np.transpose([y_vals_test])})
mse_train = sess.run(loss, feed_dict={x_data: np.transpose([x_vals_train]), y_target: np.transpose([y_vals_train])})
print('MSE on test:' + str(np.round(mse_test, 2)))
print('MSE on train:' + str(np.round(mse_train, 2)))
# 分類算法案例
# We will create sample data as follows:
# x-data: sample 50 random values from a normal = N(-1, 1)
# + sample 50 random values from a normal = N(1, 1)
# target: 50 values of 0 + 50 values of 1.
# These are essentially 100 values of the corresponding output index
# We will fit the binary classification model:
# If sigmoid(x+A) < 0.5 -> 0 else 1
# Theoretically, A should be -(mean1 + mean2)/2
# 重置計算圖
ops.reset_default_graph()
# 加載計算圖
sess = tf.Session()
# 聲明批量大小
batch_size = 25
# 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)集
x_vals = np.concatenate((np.random.normal(-1, 1, 50), np.random.normal(2, 1, 50)))
y_vals = np.concatenate((np.repeat(0., 50), np.repeat(1., 50)))
x_data = tf.placeholder(shape=[1, None], dtype=tf.float32)
y_target = tf.placeholder(shape=[1, None], dtype=tf.float32)
# 分割數(shù)據(jù)集 train/test = 80%/20%
train_indices = np.random.choice(len(x_vals), round(len(x_vals)*0.8), replace=False)
test_indices = np.array(list(set(range(len(x_vals))) - set(train_indices)))
x_vals_train = x_vals[train_indices]
x_vals_test = x_vals[test_indices]
y_vals_train = y_vals[train_indices]
y_vals_test = y_vals[test_indices]
# 創(chuàng)建變量 (one model parameter = A)
A = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal(mean=10, shape=[1]))
# Add operation to graph
# Want to create the operstion sigmoid(x + A)
# Note, the sigmoid() part is in the loss function
my_output = tf.add(x_data, A)
# 增加分類損失函數(shù) (cross entropy)
xentropy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=my_output, labels=y_target))
# Create Optimizer
my_opt = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.05)
train_step = my_opt.minimize(xentropy)
# Initialize variables
init = tf.global_variables_initializer()
sess.run(init)
# 運行迭代
for i in range(1800):
rand_index = np.random.choice(len(x_vals_train), size=batch_size)
rand_x = [x_vals_train[rand_index]]
rand_y = [y_vals_train[rand_index]]
sess.run(train_step, feed_dict={x_data: rand_x, y_target: rand_y})
if (i+1)%200==0:
print('Step #' + str(i+1) + ' A = ' + str(sess.run(A)))
print('Loss = ' + str(sess.run(xentropy, feed_dict={x_data: rand_x, y_target: rand_y})))
# 評估預測
# 用squeeze（）函數(shù)封裝預測操作，使得預測值和目標值有相同的維度。
y_prediction = tf.squeeze(tf.round(tf.nn.sigmoid(tf.add(x_data, A))))
# 用equal（）函數(shù)檢測是否相等,
# 把得到的true或false的boolean型張量轉化成float32型，
# 再對其取平均值，得到一個準確度值。
correct_prediction = tf.equal(y_prediction, y_target)
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, tf.float32))
acc_value_test = sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={x_data: [x_vals_test], y_target: [y_vals_test]})
acc_value_train = sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={x_data: [x_vals_train], y_target: [y_vals_train]})
print('Accuracy on train set: ' + str(acc_value_train))
print('Accuracy on test set: ' + str(acc_value_test))
# 繪制分類結果
A_result = -sess.run(A)
bins = np.linspace(-5, 5, 50)
plt.hist(x_vals[0:50], bins, alpha=0.5, label='N(-1,1)', color='white')
plt.hist(x_vals[50:100], bins[0:50], alpha=0.5, label='N(2,1)', color='red')
plt.plot((A_result, A_result), (0, 8), 'k--', linewidth=3, label='A = '+ str(np.round(A_result, 2)))
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.title('Binary Classifier, Accuracy=' + str(np.round(acc_value_test, 2)))
plt.show()輸出：
Step #25 A = [[ 5.79096079]] Loss = 16.8725 Step #50 A = [[ 8.36085415]] Loss = 3.60671 Step #75 A = [[ 9.26366138]] Loss = 1.05438 Step #100 A = [[ 9.58914948]] Loss = 1.39841 MSE on test:1.04 MSE on train:1.13 Step #200 A = [ 5.83126402] Loss = 1.9799 Step #400 A = [ 1.64923656] Loss = 0.678205 Step #600 A = [ 0.12520729] Loss = 0.218827 Step #800 A = [-0.21780498] Loss = 0.223919 Step #1000 A = [-0.31613481] Loss = 0.234474 Step #1200 A = [-0.33259964] Loss = 0.237227 Step #1400 A = [-0.28847221] Loss = 0.345202 Step #1600 A = [-0.30949864] Loss = 0.312794 Step #1800 A = [-0.33211425] Loss = 0.277342 Accuracy on train set: 0.9625 Accuracy on test set: 1.0
關于使用TensorFlow怎么實現(xiàn)模型評估問題的解答就分享到這里了，希望以上內(nèi)容可以對大家有一定的幫助，如果你還有很多疑惑沒有解開，可以關注創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)成都網(wǎng)站設計公司行業(yè)資訊頻道了解更多相關知識。
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