參考：http://www.renfei.org/blog/mac-os-x-terminal-101.html

One command line includes 4 parts: Command Name、Options、Arguments、Extras .

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man :  Give the manual of this command.

絕對和相對路徑

   / : Root directory

   ..  : Parent directory.

目錄操作

    pwd : Print working directory, which will show the absolute path of current folder.

    ls : List directory contents.     Ls –la : List all contents including hidden contents.

    cd : Change directory.

 mkdir : Make directories.

   rmdir:  Remove directories.

 mvdir:  Move or rename a directory.

   處理特殊字符(space, bracket, quotation mark, !, $, &, *, ;, , …)

      : Use back slash before the character.        cd Punlic/Drop Box/     ( = cd “Public/Drop Box”).

文件操作

   cp : Copy files.

     mv : Move files.

     rm : Remove files

     vi: or vim : A programmers text editor

   nano:  Nano's another editor, an enhanced free pico clone.

 　  cat : Concatenate and print files. It reads files sequentially, writing them to the standard output.

              cat file1 : Will print the contents of file1 to the standard output.

              cat file1 file2 > file3: Will sequentially print the cntents of file1 and file2 to the file3.

              cat file1 – file2 – file3:   ???

   od:  Octal, decimal, hex, ASCII dump

     less:

     which: Locate a program file in the user’s path.

     find :   find . -name "*.c" -print

 file:  Determine file type.

   head:  Display first lines of a file.  head -10 filename.

tail:  Display the last part of a file.

   cut:  Cut out selected portions of each lie of a flie.

   colrm:  Remove columns from a file.   colrm 8 20 filename

   diff: Compare files line by line.

   sort: Sort lines of text file.

   uniq:  Report or filter out repeated lines in a file.

   comm: Select or regject lines common to two files.

   wc:  Word, line, character, and byte count.

   nl: Line numbering filter.     nl file1 > file2

進程操作

ps : Process status   ps u

kill : Terminate or signal a process.         kill -9 30142

       The kill utility sends a signal to the processes specified by the pid operand(s).

Only the super-user may send signals to other user's processes.

       Some of the more commonly used signals:

1　　HUP (hang up)

2　　INT (interrupt)

3　　QUIT

6　　 ABRT (abort)

9　　KILL (non-catchable, non-ignorable kill)

14 　　ALRM (alarm )

15　　TERM (software termination signal)

時間操作:

date:　　Display or set date and time.

cal:  Display a calendar and the date of easter     cal 4 2015.

   time: time command execution (totoal time elapsed.)

系統(tǒng)管理

   w:  Display who is logged in and what they are doing.

who:

   whoami:

     su : Substitute user identify.

     Sudo : Substitute user do, or super user do. It allows a permitted user to execute a command as the superuser or another user.

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