可以用java編寫
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微信小程序提供了很豐富的組件和接口，他帶了一套半Vue半React的“語言”，開發(fā)如果你是前端正好又熟悉Vue或React的話，那么就是你的菜。
Java不能設計微信小程序，微信小程序開發(fā)有其自己的語言和文件形式。Java可以作為微信小程序的服務端語言和api接口服務器語言為小程序端提供服務，而不是直接開發(fā)微信小程序。
說明：
本次的教程主要是對微信公眾平臺開發(fā)者模式的講解，網(wǎng)絡上很多類似文章，但很多都讓初學微信開發(fā)的人一頭霧水，所以總結自己的微信開發(fā)經(jīng)驗，將微信開發(fā)的整個過程系統(tǒng)的列出，并對主要代碼進行講解分析，讓初學者盡快上手。
在閱讀本文之前，應對微信公眾平臺的官方開發(fā)文檔有所了解，知道接收和發(fā)送的都是xml格式的數(shù)據(jù)。另外，在做內(nèi)容回復時用到了圖靈機器人的api接口，這是一個自然語言解析的開放平臺，可以幫我們解決整個微信開發(fā)過程中最困難的問題，此處不多講，下面會有其詳細的調(diào)用方式。
1.1 在登錄微信官方平臺之后，開啟開發(fā)者模式，此時需要我們填寫url和token，所謂url就是我們自己服務器的接口，用WechatServlet.java來實現(xiàn)，相關解釋已經(jīng)在注釋中說明，代碼如下：
[java]?view plain?copy
package?demo.servlet;
import?java.io.BufferedReader;
import?java.io.IOException;
import?java.io.InputStream;
import?java.io.InputStreamReader;
import?java.io.OutputStream;
import?javax.servlet.ServletException;
import?javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import?javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import?javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import?demo.process.WechatProcess;
/**
*?微信服務端收發(fā)消息接口
*
*?@author?pamchen-1
*
*/
public?class?WechatServlet?extends?HttpServlet?{
/**
*?The?doGet?method?of?the?servlet.?br
*
*?This?method?is?called?when?a?form?has?its?tag?value?method?equals?to?get.
*
*?@param?request
*????????????the?request?send?by?the?client?to?the?server
*?@param?response
*????????????the?response?send?by?the?server?to?the?client
*?@throws?ServletException
*?????????????if?an?error?occurred
*?@throws?IOException
*?????????????if?an?error?occurred
*/
public?void?doGet(HttpServletRequest?request,?HttpServletResponse?response)
throws?ServletException,?IOException?{
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
/**?讀取接收到的xml消息?*/
StringBuffer?sb?=?new?StringBuffer();
InputStream?is?=?request.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader?isr?=?new?InputStreamReader(is,?"UTF-8");
BufferedReader?br?=?new?BufferedReader(isr);
String?s?=?"";
while?((s?=?br.readLine())?!=?null)?{
sb.append(s);
}
String?xml?=?sb.toString();?//次即為接收到微信端發(fā)送過來的xml數(shù)據(jù)
String?result?=?"";
/**?判斷是否是微信接入激活驗證，只有首次接入驗證時才會收到echostr參數(shù)，此時需要把它直接返回?*/
String?echostr?=?request.getParameter("echostr");
if?(echostr?!=?null??echostr.length()??1)?{
result?=?echostr;
}?else?{
//正常的微信處理流程
result?=?new?WechatProcess().processWechatMag(xml);
}
try?{
OutputStream?os?=?response.getOutputStream();
os.write(result.getBytes("UTF-8"));
os.flush();
os.close();
}?catch?(Exception?e)?{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
*?The?doPost?method?of?the?servlet.?br
*
*?This?method?is?called?when?a?form?has?its?tag?value?method?equals?to
*?post.
*
*?@param?request
*????????????the?request?send?by?the?client?to?the?server
*?@param?response
*????????????the?response?send?by?the?server?to?the?client
*?@throws?ServletException
*?????????????if?an?error?occurred
*?@throws?IOException
*?????????????if?an?error?occurred
*/
public?void?doPost(HttpServletRequest?request,?HttpServletResponse?response)
throws?ServletException,?IOException?{
doGet(request,?response);
}
}
1.2 相應的web.xml配置信息如下，在生成WechatServlet.java的同時，可自動生成web.xml中的配置。前面所提到的url處可以填寫例如：http;//服務器地址/項目名/wechat.do
[html]?view plain?copy
?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="UTF-8"?
web-app?version="2.5"
xmlns=""
xmlns:xsi=""
xsi:schemaLocation="
"
servlet
descriptionThis?is?the?description?of?my?J2EE?component/description
display-nameThis?is?the?display?name?of?my?J2EE?component/display-name
servlet-nameWechatServlet/servlet-name
servlet-classdemo.servlet.WechatServlet/servlet-class
/servlet
servlet-mapping
servlet-nameWechatServlet/servlet-name
url-pattern/wechat.do/url-pattern
/servlet-mapping
welcome-file-list
welcome-fileindex.jsp/welcome-file
/welcome-file-list
/web-app
1.3 通過以上代碼，我們已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)了微信公眾平臺開發(fā)的框架，即開通開發(fā)者模式并成功接入、接收消息和發(fā)送消息這三個步驟。
下面就講解其核心部分——解析接收到的xml數(shù)據(jù)，并以文本類消息為例，通過圖靈機器人api接口實現(xiàn)智能回復。
2.1 首先看一下整體流程處理代碼，包括：xml數(shù)據(jù)處理、調(diào)用圖靈api、封裝返回的xml數(shù)據(jù)。
[java]?view plain?copy
package?demo.process;
import?java.util.Date;
import?demo.entity.ReceiveXmlEntity;
/**
*?微信xml消息處理流程邏輯類
*?@author?pamchen-1
*
*/
public?class?WechatProcess?{
/**
*?解析處理xml、獲取智能回復結果（通過圖靈機器人api接口）
*?@param?xml?接收到的微信數(shù)據(jù)
*?@return??最終的解析結果（xml格式數(shù)據(jù)）
*/
public?String?processWechatMag(String?xml){
/**?解析xml數(shù)據(jù)?*/
ReceiveXmlEntity?xmlEntity?=?new?ReceiveXmlProcess().getMsgEntity(xml);
/**?以文本消息為例，調(diào)用圖靈機器人api接口，獲取回復內(nèi)容?*/
String?result?=?"";
if("text".endsWith(xmlEntity.getMsgType())){
result?=?new?TulingApiProcess().getTulingResult(xmlEntity.getContent());
}
/**?此時，如果用戶輸入的是“你好”，在經(jīng)過上面的過程之后，result為“你也好”類似的內(nèi)容
*??因為最終回復給微信的也是xml格式的數(shù)據(jù)，所有需要將其封裝為文本類型返回消息
*?*/
result?=?new?FormatXmlProcess().formatXmlAnswer(xmlEntity.getFromUserName(),?xmlEntity.getToUserName(),?result);
return?result;
}
}
2.2 解析接收到的xml數(shù)據(jù)，此處有兩個類，ReceiveXmlEntity.java和ReceiveXmlProcess.java，通過反射的機制動態(tài)調(diào)用實體類中的set方法，可以避免很多重復的判斷，提高代碼效率，代碼如下：
[java]?view plain?copy
package?demo.entity;
/**
*?接收到的微信xml實體類
*?@author?pamchen-1
*
*/
public?class?ReceiveXmlEntity?{
private?String?ToUserName="";
private?String?FromUserName="";
private?String?CreateTime="";
private?String?MsgType="";
private?String?MsgId="";
private?String?Event="";
private?String?EventKey="";
private?String?Ticket="";
private?String?Latitude="";
private?String?Longitude="";
private?String?Precision="";
private?String?PicUrl="";
private?String?MediaId="";
private?String?Title="";
private?String?Description="";
private?String?Url="";
private?String?Location_X="";
private?String?Location_Y="";
private?String?Scale="";
private?String?Label="";
private?String?Content="";
private?String?Format="";
private?String?Recognition="";
public?String?getRecognition()?{
return?Recognition;
}
public?void?setRecognition(String?recognition)?{
Recognition?=?recognition;
}
public?String?getFormat()?{
return?Format;
}
public?void?setFormat(String?format)?{
Format?=?format;
}
public?String?getContent()?{
return?Content;
}
public?void?setContent(String?content)?{
Content?=?content;
}
public?String?getLocation_X()?{
return?Location_X;
}
public?void?setLocation_X(String?locationX)?{
Location_X?=?locationX;
}
public?String?getLocation_Y()?{
return?Location_Y;
}
public?void?setLocation_Y(String?locationY)?{
Location_Y?=?locationY;
}
public?String?getScale()?{
return?Scale;
}
public?void?setScale(String?scale)?{
Scale?=?scale;
}
public?String?getLabel()?{
return?Label;
}
public?void?setLabel(String?label)?{
Label?=?label;
}
public?String?getTitle()?{
return?Title;
}
public?void?setTitle(String?title)?{
Title?=?title;
}
public?String?getDescription()?{
return?Description;
}
public?void?setDescription(String?description)?{
Description?=?description;
}
public?String?getUrl()?{
return?Url;
}
public?void?setUrl(String?url)?{
Url?=?url;
}
public?String?getPicUrl()?{
return?PicUrl;
}
public?void?setPicUrl(String?picUrl)?{
PicUrl?=?picUrl;
}
public?String?getMediaId()?{
return?MediaId;
}
public?void?setMediaId(String?mediaId)?{
MediaId?=?mediaId;
}
public?String?getEventKey()?{
return?EventKey;
}
public?void?setEventKey(String?eventKey)?{
EventKey?=?eventKey;
}
public?String?getTicket()?{
return?Ticket;
}
public?void?setTicket(String?ticket)?{
Ticket?=?ticket;
}
public?String?getLatitude()?{
return?Latitude;
}
public?void?setLatitude(String?latitude)?{
Latitude?=?latitude;
}
public?String?getLongitude()?{
return?Longitude;
}
public?void?setLongitude(String?longitude)?{
Longitude?=?longitude;
}
public?String?getPrecision()?{
return?Precision;
}
public?void?setPrecision(String?precision)?{
Precision?=?precision;
}
public?String?getEvent()?{
return?Event;
}
public?void?setEvent(String?event)?{
Event?=?event;
}
public?String?getMsgId()?{
return?MsgId;
}
public?void?setMsgId(String?msgId)?{
MsgId?=?msgId;
}
public?String?getToUserName()?{
return?ToUserName;
}
public?void?setToUserName(String?toUserName)?{
一、獲取code
將code作為參數(shù)傳遞過來
//如果有code，說明是微信小程序，根據(jù)code獲取openId
//classify用于標識是哪個小程序
if (!CheckUtil.checkNulls( keUser.getCode(),keUser.getClassify())){
//
String openid = OpenIdUtil.oauth2GetOpenid(keUser.getCode(),keUser.getClassify());
printParamsLog(openid, logger);
keUser.setUserId(openid);
}1234567812345678
二、工具類
package com.util;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.ResponseHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicResponseHandler;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author xsx
*/
public class OpenIdUtil {
public static String oauth2GetOpenid(String code,String classify) {
String appid="";
String appsecret="";
switch (classify){
case "1":
//自己的配置appid
appid = "**********";
//自己的配置APPSECRET;
appsecret = "**********";
break;
case "2":
appid = "**********";
appsecret = "************";
break;
case "3":
appid = "**********";
appsecret = "************";
break;
case "4":
appid = "**********";
appsecret = "************";
break;
case "5":
appid = "**********";
appsecret = "************";
}
//授權（必填）
String grant_type = "authorization_code";
//URL
String requestUrl = "";
//請求參數(shù)
String params = "appid=" + appid + "secret=" + appsecret + "js_code=" + code + "grant_type=" + grant_type;
//發(fā)送請求
String data = HttpUtil.get(requestUrl, params);
//解析相應內(nèi)容（轉換成json對象）
JSONObject json = JSONObject.fromObject(data);
//用戶的唯一標識（openid）
String Openid =String.valueOf(json.get("openid"));
//System.out.println(Openid);
return Openid;
}
}
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三、發(fā)送請求的工具類
package com.util;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author xsx
*/
public class HttpUtil {
/**
* 向指定URL發(fā)送GET方法的請求
*
* @param url
* 發(fā)送請求的URL
* @param param
* 請求參數(shù)，請求參數(shù)應該是 name1=value1name2=value2 的形式。
* @return String 所代表遠程資源的響應結果
*/
public static String get(String url,String param){
String result = "";
BufferedReader in = null;
try {
String urlNameString = url + "?" + param;
//System.out.println(urlNameString);
URL realUrl = new URL(urlNameString);
// 打開和URL之間的連接
URLConnection connection = realUrl.openConnection();
// 設置通用的請求屬性
connection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
connection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
connection.setRequestProperty("user-agent",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
// 建立實際的連接
connection.connect();
// 獲取所有響應頭字段
MapString, ListString map = connection.getHeaderFields();
// 遍歷所有的響應頭字段
/*for (String key : map.keySet()) {
System.out.println(key + "---" + map.get(key));
}*/
// 定義 BufferedReader輸入流來讀取URL的響應
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
connection.getInputStream()));
String line;
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
result += line;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("發(fā)送GET請求出現(xiàn)異常！" + e);
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 使用finally塊來關閉輸入流
finally {
try {
if (in != null) {
in.close();
}
} catch (Exception e2) {
e2.printStackTrace();
}
}
return result;
}
}
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