新SAT語法有哪些方法 兩種常用的解決主題句的方法

支持句判斷法

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對于主題句來說，看懂文章理解邏輯當然是最優(yōu)選項。但在時間有限無法充分理解段落大意的時候，利用文章結構加以輔助來排除選項，也不失一種方法。雖然存在文體的區(qū)別(議論文，說明文，非小說的記敘文)，但總的來說，語法行文仍然是按照一定的結構而展開。而這樣的段落結構能夠幫助我們解題。

我們先來看一個例子：

Transportation planners work closely with a number of community stakeholders, such as government officials and other interested organizations and individuals. For example, representatives from the local public health department might provide input in designing a network of trials and sidewalks to encourage people to walk more. Members of the Chamber of Commerce might share suggestions about designing transportation and parking facilities to support local business.

我們來分析下這段話。第一句話是該段的主題句，說從事交通規(guī)劃的人和很多其他人一起合作，比如政府官員，有興趣的組織機構，和公民。下面圍繞這個論點來舉例，分別從政府和組織機構的角度來證明主題句的觀點。新SAT語法的文章段落，大部分和這一段極其類似，段落的結構可以概括為：主題句 +支持句 +總結句

一般來說，段首句都是該段的主題句(僅適用于語法的文章)。主題句一般是拋出一個觀點。接下來會緊跟1-2個支持句。最后，段末有一個總結句來總結段落。

所以，如果問這一段的主題句是什么，我們一般可以直接去找主題句后的支持句，看看選項中哪句話跟后面的支持句可以互相支持。我們來看一個例子。

Which choice most effectively establishes the main topic of the paragraph?

A. Lucrative salaries are a draw for many prospective hotel managers.

B. New elements to the hospitality industry, such as “extended stay” suites, are becoming more popular.

C. One hotel manager in New York City says she enjoys the fast-paced challenges this career offers.

D. Hotel managers also must have the flexibility and willingness to travel.

原文：

Shan Kanagasingham was born in Malaysia, speaks several languages, and studies at a university in Switzerland before working at the Ritz-Carlton in Maui, Hawaii, and the Mandarin Oriental in Hong Kong. Her most recent job: at the Surrey in New York City, offered her the opportunity, to help upgrade and gain more recognition for the hotel. She oversaw the Surrey’s redesign, which included updating the spa and adding kitchens to suites for “extended stay” customers. Kanagasingham says she welcomes the opportunity to make her mark on a hotel and to meet people from all over the world.

題目問這一段的主題句。我們根據(jù)主題句后緊跟支持句的這個結構，先看原文的第一句，講的是Shan Kanagasingham的個人經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)這一句，我們可以大膽得排除A和B了。A說的是誘人的薪水，跟第一句毫無關系。曾有學生提出，B中的extended stay在文章也有提及;但請注意， B選項核心內容為new elements are becoming more popular， extended stay是進一步解釋new elements的 。如果這一句做了主題句，原文應繼續(xù)解釋new elements以及popular的原因，這與文章相悖。 比較難排除的是C 和D之間。D說的是hotel managers，而文中只是提及某位具體經(jīng)理人的個人經(jīng)歷，并不是泛指所有人，也未提到其他manager。所以C選項正確。

文章結構法

上文提到，我們可以根據(jù)支持句來推斷主題句。在實際做題中，除了段落本身的結構，我們還必須關注到段與段之間的關系。上下段之間，一般也需要過渡句來承接兩段的內容的聯(lián)系。這個過渡句，可以是上一段的末句，也可以是下一段的首句。因此，我們需要注意到，段首句除了可以起到主題句的功能，還有可能起到過渡句的功能。我們來看下面這題。

7. Which choice most effectively introduces the topic of the paragraph?

A. NO change

B. Although we often comment on what is ‘lost’ in the process of translation, we rarely consider what is gained.

C. even the most gifted translators cannot capture all the nuances of the original poem.

D. while poetry is a particularly difficult class of writing to translate, the impossibility of a completely faithful translation extends to prose as well.

原文：

Some translators focus on a single characteristic, but those who take a holistic approach often produce more readable translations. Translators are not invisible and passive mediums through which poems pass during their transformations into other language; rather, each translator is an active agent who enriches the text with his or her own artistic choices. While the literal meaning is important, the work of translators is chronically creative: given a poem, it is their job to find the words that best represent the ideas contained within it, and these words may or may not be precise translations of the original. The sixth line in Sappho’s lyric could be rigidly translated “your laugh makes my heart flutter in my chest,” but Anne Carson’s creative translation--- “put the heart in my chest on wings” ---- draws on the metaphorical elements of the original phrase to create a more powerful image.

我們按照上面講的方法，根據(jù)支持句來選擇主題句。原文劃線部分是原文給出的主題句，我們拋開不看，看緊挨著的下一句。注意，這句有一個轉折詞，rather，所以重點信息是rather后面的部分。每位譯者都是主動的代理人，用自己的藝術選擇來豐富(enriches)譯本。這句話說譯者豐富了譯本。什么叫豐富了譯本?就是增加了一些譯本沒有的內容唄。根據(jù)這一點，只有B選項中的what is gained 與之對應。

我們反過來驗證下。A說的是采用面面俱到的翻譯方法譯出來的文本更有可讀性，C說的無論譯者多有才華，都沒法譯出原詩的細節(jié)，文章沒有提到這部分內容。本文D說的翻譯不可能完全忠實也適用于散文。都沒有提到散文。所以只能選B。

我們再回過頭來看看B。B說的是：盡管我們經(jīng)常討論翻譯過程中所丟失的內容，我們很少思考翻譯所增加的內容。但本段明明在講‘增加’，沒有說‘減少’，那前半句是怎么回事兒? 請大家注意，段首句除了可以做主題句，也可以起到和前文的過渡。上一段說的就是翻譯過程中丟失的內容，所以通過這一句，把上一段和本段很好地銜接起來，這也是cohesion的一種考法。要特別注意。