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SpringBoot自動(dòng)配置（auto-configurtion）揭秘-創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)

本章，我們?yōu)槟憬颐豐pring Boot自動(dòng)配置（Auto Configuration）運(yùn)行機(jī)制，談到auto-configuration，肯定離不開(kāi)@EnableAutoConfiguration注解。

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package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure;

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {

   Class[] exclude() default {};
   String[] excludeName() default {};
}

這里涉及了兩個(gè)元注解： @AutoConfigurationPackage, @Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)，其中@AutoConfigurationPackage定義如下：

package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure;

import ....

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class)
public @interface AutoConfigurationPackage {

}

@AutoConfigurationPackage注解定義中使用了@Import元注解，注解屬性value取值為AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class，AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar類(lèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)了接口ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar

@Import注解可以接受以下幾種定義類(lèi)型的Java類(lèi)

  • 使用@Configuration注解的類(lèi)
  • ImportSelector實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi)：以代碼方式處理@Configuration注解類(lèi)
  • DeferredImportSelector實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi)：與ImportSelector類(lèi)似，區(qū)別在于處理操作被延遲到所有其他配置項(xiàng)都處理完畢再進(jìn)行。
    • ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi)

AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar會(huì)向Spring容器注冊(cè)Bean，Bean本身會(huì)存儲(chǔ)用戶(hù)自定義配置包列表。Spring Boot 本身會(huì)使用這個(gè)列表。例如：對(duì)于spring-boot-autoconfigure數(shù)據(jù)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)配置類(lèi)，可以通過(guò)靜態(tài)方法：AutoConfigurationPackages.get(BeanFactory)來(lái)獲取到這個(gè)配置列表，下面是示例代碼。

package com.logicbig.example;

import ...

@EnableAutoConfiguration
public class AutoConfigurationPackagesTest {

   public static void main (String[] args) {

       SpringApplication app =
                     new SpringApplication(AutoConfigurationPackagesTest.class);
       app.setBannerMode(Banner.Mode.OFF);
       app.setLogStartupInfo(false);
       ConfigurableApplicationContext c = app.run(args);
       List packages = AutoConfigurationPackages.get(c);
       System.out.println("packages: "+packages);
   }
}

代碼輸出如下：

2017-01-03 10:17:37.372  INFO 10752 --- [           main] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@67b467e9: startup date [Tue Jan 03 10:17:37 CST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
2017-01-03 10:17:38.155  INFO 10752 --- [           main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
packages: [com.logicbig.example]
2017-01-03 10:17:38.170  INFO 10752 --- [       Thread-1] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@67b467e9: startup date [Tue Jan 03 10:17:37 CST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
2017-01-03 10:17:38.171  INFO 10752 --- [       Thread-1] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Unregistering JMX-exposed beans on shutdown

@Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)注解是auto-configuration 機(jī)制的啟動(dòng)入口。EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector實(shí)現(xiàn)了接口DeferredImportSelector，其內(nèi)部調(diào)用了SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames()方法，方法會(huì)從META-INF/spring.factories中加載配置類(lèi)。

protected List getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
            AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
        List configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(
                getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader());
        Assert.notEmpty(configurations,
                "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you "
                        + "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
        return configurations;
    }

從spring.factories中查找鍵值org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration的值：

Spring Boot 自動(dòng)配置（auto-configurtion） 揭秘

spring-boot-autoconfigure默認(rèn)隱式包含在所有啟動(dòng)程序中

下面其中的一個(gè)配置類(lèi)JmxAutoConfiguration的代碼段

 package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx;

   .......
 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnClass;
 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnProperty;
 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.SearchStrategy;
  .....

 @Configuration
 @ConditionalOnClass({ MBeanExporter.class })
 @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.jmx", name = "enabled", havingValue = "true", matchIfMissing = true)
 public class JmxAutoConfiguration implements
                                    EnvironmentAware, BeanFactoryAware {
    .....
 }
@ConditionalOnClass

@ConditionalOnClass是由元注解@Conditional(OnClassCondition.class定義的注解，我們知道，@Conditional是條件注解，只有條件為真時(shí)，@Conditional注解的類(lèi)、方法才會(huì)被加載到Spring組件容器中。對(duì)于上面的實(shí)例代碼段，只有當(dāng)MBeanExporter.class已經(jīng)包含在classpath中（具體校驗(yàn)類(lèi)似于Class.forName的加載邏輯，當(dāng)目標(biāo)類(lèi)包含在classpath中，方法返回為true，否則返回false），OnClassCondition#matches()才會(huì)返回為true。

@ConditionalOnProperty

與@ConditionalOnClass類(lèi)似，@ConditionalOnProperty是另一個(gè)@Conditional類(lèi)型變量，是由元注解@Conditional(OnPropertyCondition.class)所定義的注解。只有當(dāng)目標(biāo)屬性包含了指定值，OnPropertyCondition#matches()才會(huì)返回真，還是上面的代碼段：

  @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.jmx", name = "enabled",
                         havingValue = "true", matchIfMissing = true)

如果我們應(yīng)用配置了spring.jmx.enabled=true,那么Spring容器將自動(dòng)注冊(cè)JmxAutoConfiguration，matchIfMissing=true表示默認(rèn)情況下（配置屬性未設(shè)置）為真。

其他一些條件注解

包‘org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition，所有條件注解均遵循ConditionalOnXyz`命名約定。如果想要開(kāi)發(fā)自定義啟動(dòng)包，你需要了解這些API，對(duì)于別的開(kāi)發(fā)人員來(lái)說(shuō)，最好也能了解基本的運(yùn)行機(jī)制。

Spring Boot 自動(dòng)配置（auto-configurtion） 揭秘

使用–debug參數(shù)

@EnableAutoConfiguration
public class DebugModeExample {

  public static void main (String[] args) {
      //just doing this programmatically for demo
      String[] appArgs = {"--debug"};

      SpringApplication app = new SpringApplication(DebugModeExample.class);
      app.setBannerMode(Banner.Mode.OFF);
      app.setLogStartupInfo(false);
      app.run(appArgs);
    }
}

輸出

2017-01-02 21:15:17.322 DEBUG 5704 --- [           main] o.s.boot.SpringApplication               : Loading source class com.logicbig.example.DebugModeExample
2017-01-02 21:15:17.379 DEBUG 5704 --- [           main] o.s.b.c.c.ConfigFileApplicationListener  : Skipped (empty) config file 'file:/D:/LogicBig/example-projects/spring-boot/boot-customizing-autoconfig/target/classes/application.properties' (classpath:/application.properties)
2017-01-02 21:15:17.379 DEBUG 5704 --- [           main] o.s.b.c.c.ConfigFileApplicationListener  : Skipped (empty) config file 'file:/D:/LogicBig/example-projects/spring-boot/boot-customizing-autoconfig/target/classes/application.properties' (classpath:/application.properties) for profile default
2017-01-02 21:15:17.384  INFO 5704 --- [           main] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@2f0a87b3: startup date [Mon Jan 02 21:15:17 CST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
2017-01-02 21:15:18.032  INFO 5704 --- [           main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2017-01-02 21:15:18.047 DEBUG 5704 --- [           main] utoConfigurationReportLoggingInitializer :

=========================
AUTO-CONFIGURATION REPORT
=========================

Positive matches:
-----------------

   GenericCacheConfiguration matched:
      - Cache org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.GenericCacheConfiguration automatic cache type (CacheCondition)

   JmxAutoConfiguration matched:
      - @ConditionalOnClass found required class 'org.springframework.jmx.export.MBeanExporter' (OnClassCondition)
      - @ConditionalOnProperty (spring.jmx.enabled=true) matched (OnPropertyCondition)

   JmxAutoConfiguration#mbeanExporter matched:
      - @ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: org.springframework.jmx.export.MBeanExporter; SearchStrategy: current) did not find any beans (OnBeanCondition)

   JmxAutoConfiguration#mbeanServer matched:
      - @ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: javax.management.MBeanServer; SearchStrategy: all) did not find any beans (OnBeanCondition)

   JmxAutoConfiguration#objectNamingStrategy matched:
      - @ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: org.springframework.jmx.export.naming.ObjectNamingStrategy; SearchStrategy: current) did not find any beans (OnBeanCondition)

   NoOpCacheConfiguration matched:
      - Cache org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.NoOpCacheConfiguration automatic cache type (CacheCondition)

   PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration#propertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer matched:
      - @ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: org.springframework.context.support.PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer; SearchStrategy: current) did not find any beans (OnBeanCondition)

   RedisCacheConfiguration matched:
      - Cache org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration automatic cache type (CacheCondition)

   SimpleCacheConfiguration matched:
      - Cache org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.SimpleCacheConfiguration automatic cache type (CacheCondition)

Negative matches:
-----------------

   ActiveMQAutoConfiguration:
      Did not match:
         - @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes 'javax.jms.ConnectionFactory', 'org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory' (OnClassCondition)

   AopAutoConfiguration:
      Did not match:
         - @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes 'org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect', 'org.aspectj.lang.reflect.Advice' (OnClassCondition)

   ArtemisAutoConfiguration:
      Did not match:
         - @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes 'javax.jms.ConnectionFactory', 'org.apache.activemq.artemis.jms.client

 ...............................
 ....................

Exclusions:
-----------

    None

Unconditional classes:
----------------------

    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration

    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebClientAutoConfiguration

    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration

    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration

2017-01-02 21:15:18.058  INFO 5704 --- [       Thread-1] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@2f0a87b3: startup date [Mon Jan 02 21:15:17 CST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
2017-01-02 21:15:18.059  INFO 5704 --- [       Thread-1] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Unregistering JMX-exposed beans on shutdown

在上面的輸出中

  • Positive matches：@Conditional條件為真，配置類(lèi)被Spring容器加載。
  • Negative matches: @Conditional條件為假，配置類(lèi)未被Spring容器加載。
  • Exclusions： 應(yīng)用端明確排除加載配置
  • Unconditional classes： 自動(dòng)配置類(lèi)不包含任何類(lèi)級(jí)別的條件，也就是說(shuō)，類(lèi)始終會(huì)被自動(dòng)加載。
禁止特定類(lèi)的auto-configuration
@EnableAutoConfiguration(exclude = {JmxAutoConfiguration.class})
public class ExcludeConfigExample {

    public static void main (String[] args) {
         //just doing this programmatically for demo
         String[] appArgs = {"--debug"};

        SpringApplication app = new SpringApplication(ExcludeConfigExample.class);
        app.setBannerMode(Banner.Mode.OFF);
        app.setLogStartupInfo(false);
        app.run(appArgs);
    }
}

輸出

  .............

=========================
AUTO-CONFIGURATION REPORT
=========================

Positive matches:
-----------------

   GenericCacheConfiguration matched:
      - Cache org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.GenericCacheConfiguration automatic cache type (CacheCondition)

   NoOpCacheConfiguration matched:
      - Cache org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.NoOpCacheConfiguration automatic cache type (CacheCondition)

   PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration#propertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer matched:
      - @ConditionalOnMissingBean (types: org.springframework.context.support.PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer; SearchStrategy: current) did not find any beans (OnBeanCondition)

   RedisCacheConfiguration matched:
      - Cache org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration automatic cache type (CacheCondition)

   SimpleCacheConfiguration matched:
      - Cache org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.SimpleCacheConfiguration automatic cache type (CacheCondition)

Negative matches:
-----------------

   ActiveMQAutoConfiguration:
      Did not match:
         - @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes 'javax.jms.ConnectionFactory', 'org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory' (OnClassCondition)

   AopAutoConfiguration:
      Did not match:
         - @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes 'org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect', 'org.aspectj.lang.reflect.Advice' (OnClassCondition)

  .................................

Exclusions:
-----------

    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration

Unconditional classes:
----------------------

    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration

    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebClientAutoConfiguration

    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration

    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration

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