該選擇哪個(gè)開(kāi)源數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

21 個(gè)最好的免費(fèi)開(kāi)源數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)：

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1. MySQL

The most widely used open source database for Web apps (and many other things) remains MySQL. Support for multiple storage engines, clustering, full-text indexing, and plenty of other professional features have allowed numerous other apps profiled here, from WordPress to Movable Type, to rely on MySQL as their default database. Graphical front ends, such as phpMyAdmin and Adminer, make using the database far less of a chore. And for those seeking escape from the long shadow of Oracle, there's a community fork named MariaDB, maintained by MySQL's original lead developer, Monty Widenius.

2. PostgreSQL

When Oracle acquired MySQL, reduced the development staff, and more or less killed the open source nature of the project, it reopened a market that MySQL had locked down. PostgreSQL has a much nicer set of drivers and supports both standard ANSI-SQL and extended features, in many cases better than MySQL. On the downside, its long legacy has left it multiprocess in the era of multithreaded. The high-availability/clustering features of PostgreSQL require a lot of elbow grease and leave much to be desired. Yet while organizations look for a community developed database, one of the eldest starts to look pretty good. Many cloud providers, such as Heroku, have chosen PostgreSQL as their RDBMS storage option as well.

3. MongoDB

NoSQL? Document database? The first name that comes to mind is MongoDB, due to a dual-edged blade from developer 10gen. On one side, MongoDB has strong venture capital and consequently an extensive marketing strategy. On the other side, it is the only comparatively mature document database in the NoSQL world. Highly scalable horizontally with automated sharding and highly available due to autoreplication, MongoDB offers a very reliable and yet simple solution to modern document database problems. The downsides: Working with stored procedures can be difficult, and performing data manipulation can require writing complex JavaScript code.

4. Hadoop (HBase)

Hadoop is the name brand in big data. It is also the convergence of "clustered storage" systems like Gluster and Ceph with NoSQL. Hadoop is really a collection of projects to solve large and complex data problems. In fact, there are multiple types of databases and query languages built on the overall Hadoop framework. Hadoop's complexity is as legendary as its capability, and its lack of high-availability features has both held it back and created a commercial add-on ecosystem.

The project aims to host very large tables like "billions of rows, millions of columns". It has a REST-ful web service gateway that supports XML, Protobuf, and binary data encoding options.

5. Apache Cassandra

Written in Java, this BigTable-based key-value database is getting more popular by the day. Open source and built to integrate with Hadoop, Cassandra offers the column family solution to developers wanting to move away from the relational database model while working with Hadoop. Focusing mainly on getting in very fast writes and providing high availability, Cassandra has slower reads than some alternatives. It is mostly used for logging purposes and real-time analysis.

Cassandra is a highly scalable second-generation distributed database that is used by giants like Facebook, Digg, Twitter, Cisco more. It aims to provide a consistent, fault-tolerant highly available environment for storing data.

6. Couchbase

While Couchbase was a fork of CouchDB, it has become more of a full-fledged data product and less of a ball of framework than CouchDB. Its transition to a document database will give MongoDB a run for its money. It is multithreaded per node, which can be a major scalability benefit -- especially when hosted on custom or bare-metal hardware. With some nice integration features, including with Hadoop, Couchbase is a great choice for an operational data store.

7. Neo4j

The database for interconnected data, Neo4j provides a reliable Java-based platform for conquering highly interconnected database problems. Available with full ACID transaction compatibility -- rare in a NoSQL database -- Neo4j has a SQL-like query language called Cypher and a scripting language called Gremlin for graph traversals. Best used to accurately and efficiently model highly complex, interconnected networks like network topologies, social networks, and conditional access control problems, it provides indexes on nodes and relationships. Direct path calculations take hundreds of lines of code for a RDBMS but two lines of code for Neo4j.

8. Riak

An open source distributed database written in Erlang and C, Riak treats all nodes equally. No one is a master or a slave. Thus, there is no fear a master will be a single point of failure. However, the masterless, fully distributed model with SNMP monitoring is not available in the open source version. Much simpler than its peers (such as Cassandra), Riak is optimal for places where even seconds of downtime would hurt.

9. Redis

There are many NoSQL databases, but Redis remains close to our heart because it has so many features that some call it a "data structure store." You don't just store numbers and strings -- you can dump in entire hashes, lists, sets, and other complicated structures. Then, to make the deal sweeter, Redis offers replication and persistence.

Redis is an advanced fast key-value database written in C which can be used like memcached, in front of a traditional database, or on its own. It has support for many programming languages used by popular projects like GitHub or Engine Yard. There is also a PHP client named Rediska for managing Redis databases.

10. Firebird

Firebird is a relational database that can run on Linux, Windows various UNIX platforms. It offers high performance and powerful language support for stored procedures and triggers.

11. Memcached

Memcached is an in-memory key-value store for small chunks of arbitrary data (strings, objects) from results of database calls, API calls, or page rendering. It is intended for use in speeding up dynamic web applications by alleviating database load.

12. Oracle Berkeley DB

It is an embeddable database engine that provides developers with fast, reliable, local persistence with zero administration. Oracle Berkeley DB is a library that links directly into your application enables you to make simple function calls rather than sending messages to a remote server for a better performance.

13. Hypertable

Hypertable is a high performance distributed data storage system designed to support applications requiring maximum performance, scalability, and reliability. It is modeled after Google's BigTable and mostly focuses on large-scale datasets.

14. Keyspace

It is a consistently replicated, fault-tolerant key-value store that works in Windows OS. Keyspace offers high availability by masking server/network failures appearing as a single, highly available service.

15. 4store

4store is a database storage and query engine that holds RDF data. It is written in ANSI C99, designed to run on UNIX-like systems offers a high performance, scalable stable platform.

16. MariaDB

MariaDB is a backward compatible, drop-in replacement branch of the MySQL? Database Server. It includes all major open source storage engines + the Maria storage engine.

17. Drizzle

It is a fork of MySQL that focuses on being a reliable database optimized for Cloud and Net applications.

18. HyperSQL

It is a SQL relational database engine written in Java. HyperSQL offers a small fast database engine which has in-memory and disk-based tables, supports embedded/server modes. Also, it has tools such as a command line SQL tool GUI query apps.

19. MonetDB

MonetDB is a database system for high-performance applications in data mining, OLAP, GIS, XML Query, text multimedia retrieval.

20. Persevere

It is an object storage engine and application server (running on Java/Rhino) that provides storage of dynamic JSON data for rapidly develop data-driven JavaScript-based rich internet applications.

21. eXist-db

eXist-db is built using XML technology. It stores XML data according to the XML data model features efficient, index-based XQuery processing.

GitHub 上有哪些值得推薦的開(kāi)源電子書(shū)

語(yǔ)言無(wú)關(guān)類(lèi)

操作系統(tǒng)

鳥(niǎo)哥的Linux私房菜 (簡(jiǎn)體)

Linux 系統(tǒng)高級(jí)編程

The Linux Command Line (中英文版)

Linux 設(shè)備驅(qū)動(dòng) (第三版)

深入分析Linux內(nèi)核源碼

UNIX TOOLBOX

Docker中文指南

Docker —— 從入門(mén)到實(shí)踐

FreeRADIUS新手入門(mén)

Mac 開(kāi)發(fā)配置手冊(cè)

FreeBSD 使用手冊(cè)

Linux 命令行(中文版)

智能系統(tǒng)

一步步搭建物聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)

web服務(wù)器

Nginx開(kāi)發(fā)從入門(mén)到精通 (淘寶團(tuán)隊(duì)出品)

版本控制

Git教程 （本文由 ?@廖雪峰 創(chuàng)作，如果覺(jué)得本教程對(duì)您有幫助，可以去 ?iTunes 購(gòu)買(mǎi)）

git – 簡(jiǎn)易指南

猴子都能懂的GIT入門(mén)

Git 參考手冊(cè)

Pro Git

Git Magic

GotGitHub

Git Community Book 中文版

Mercurial 使用教程

HgInit (中文版)

沉浸式學(xué) Git

Git-Cheat-Sheet （感謝 @flyhigher139 翻譯了中文版）

GitHub秘籍

NoSQL

NoSQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)筆談 (PDF)

Redis 設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)

Redis 命令參考

帶有詳細(xì)注釋的 Redis 3.0 代碼

帶有詳細(xì)注釋的 Redis 2.6 代碼

The Little MongoDB Book

The Little Redis Book

Neo4j 簡(jiǎn)體中文手冊(cè) v1.8

Neo4j .rb 中文資源

MySQL

MySQL索引背后的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)及算法原理

項(xiàng)目相關(guān)

持續(xù)集成（第二版） (譯言網(wǎng))

讓開(kāi)發(fā)自動(dòng)化系列專(zhuān)欄

追求代碼質(zhì)量

selenium 中文文檔

Joel談軟件

約耳談軟體(Joel on Software)

Web

關(guān)于瀏覽器和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的 20 項(xiàng)須知

前端知識(shí)體系

瀏覽器開(kāi)發(fā)工具的秘密

Chrome 開(kāi)發(fā)者工具中文手冊(cè)

Chrome擴(kuò)展開(kāi)發(fā)文檔

Grunt中文文檔

移動(dòng)Web前端知識(shí)庫(kù)

正則表達(dá)式30分鐘入門(mén)教程

前端開(kāi)發(fā)體系建設(shè)日記

移動(dòng)前端開(kāi)發(fā)收藏夾

JSON風(fēng)格指南

HTTP 接口設(shè)計(jì)指北

前端資源分享（一）

前端資源分享（二）

前端代碼規(guī)范 及 最佳實(shí)踐

w3school教程整理

大數(shù)據(jù)

大數(shù)據(jù)/數(shù)據(jù)挖掘/推薦系統(tǒng)/機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)資源

編程藝術(shù)

程序員編程藝術(shù)

每個(gè)程序員都應(yīng)該了解的內(nèi)存知識(shí)(譯)【第一部分】

取悅的工序：如何理解游戲 (豆瓣閱讀，免費(fèi)書(shū)籍)

其他

OpenWrt智能、自動(dòng)、透明翻墻路由器教程

語(yǔ)言相關(guān)類(lèi) AWK

awk程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言

C/C++

C++ 并發(fā)編程指南 (@傅海平ICT)

Linux C編程一站式學(xué)習(xí) (宋勁杉, 北京亞嵌教育研究中心)

CGDB中文手冊(cè)

100個(gè)gdb小技巧

100個(gè)gcc小技巧

ZMQ 指南

How to Think Like a Computer Scientist (中英文版)

跟我一起寫(xiě)Makefile(PDF)

GNU make中文手冊(cè)

GNU make 指南

Google C++ 風(fēng)格指南

C/C++ Primer (by @andycai)

簡(jiǎn)單易懂的C魔法

Cmake 實(shí)踐 (PDF版)

C++ FAQ LITE(中文版)

C++ Primer 5th Answers

CSS/HTML

學(xué)習(xí)CSS布局

通用 CSS 筆記、建議與指導(dǎo)

CSS參考手冊(cè)

Emmet 文檔

前端代碼規(guī)范 (騰訊alloyteam團(tuán)隊(duì))

Dart

Dart 語(yǔ)言導(dǎo)覽

Fortran

Fortran77和90/95編程入門(mén)

Java

實(shí)時(shí) Java 系列

Apache Shiro 用戶(hù)指南

使用 Eclipse 和 Java SE 6 創(chuàng)建獨(dú)立 Web Services 應(yīng)用程序

第 1 部分: Web Services 服務(wù)端應(yīng)用程序

第 2 部分: Web 服務(wù)客戶(hù)端應(yīng)用程序

JavaServer Faces 1.2 入門(mén)

第 1 部分: 構(gòu)建基本應(yīng)用程序

第 2 部分: JSF 生命周期、轉(zhuǎn)換、檢驗(yàn)和階段監(jiān)聽(tīng)器

用 Eclipse Europa 進(jìn)行 Web 開(kāi)發(fā)

第 1 部分: Eclipse Java EE

第 2 部分: PHP 開(kāi)發(fā)工具

第 3 部分: Ruby Development Toolkit 和 RadRails

使用 JavaServer Faces 構(gòu)建 Apache Geronimo 應(yīng)用程序

第 1 部分: 使用 Eclipse 和 Apache MyFaces Core 構(gòu)建基本的應(yīng)用程序

第 2 部分: 在 JavaServer Faces 中使用 Tomahawk

第 3 部分: 使用 ajax4jsf 添加 Ajax 功能

第 4 部分: 使用 Apache Trinidad 組件擴(kuò)展 JSF

第 5 部分: 將 JSF 應(yīng)用程序與 Spring 集成

Apache Geronimo 和 Spring 框架

第 1 部分: 開(kāi)發(fā)方法學(xué)

第 2 部分: 構(gòu)建第一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序

第 3 部分: 集成 DAO 與 ORM

第 4 部分: 混合使用 Spring AOP 和 Spring Web Flow

第 5 部分: Spring MVC

第 6 部分: Spring MVC：使用 Web 視圖技術(shù)

終極 mashup —— Web 服務(wù)和語(yǔ)義 Web

第 1 部分: 使用與組合 Web 服務(wù)

第 2 部分: 管理 Mashup 數(shù)據(jù)緩存

第 3 部分: 理解 RDF 和 RDFs

第 4 部分: 創(chuàng)建本體

第 5 部分: 切換 Web 服務(wù)

Jersey 2.x 用戶(hù)指南

MyBatis中文文檔

JavaScript

Google JavaScript 代碼風(fēng)格指南

Airbnb JavaScript 規(guī)范

JavaScript 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考教程（alpha）

Javascript編程指南 (源碼)

javascript 的 12 個(gè)怪癖

JavaScript 秘密花園

JavaScript核心概念及實(shí)踐 (PDF) (此書(shū)已由人民郵電出版社出版發(fā)行，但作者依然免費(fèi)提供PDF版本，希望開(kāi)發(fā)者們?nèi)ベ?gòu)買(mǎi)，支持作者)

《JavaScript 模式》翻譯，此書(shū)中文版有售，但是紙質(zhì)書(shū)翻譯的還沒(méi)有這個(gè)版本翻譯的好

命名函數(shù)表達(dá)式探秘 (注:原文由為之漫筆翻譯，原始地址無(wú)法打開(kāi)，所以此處地址為我博客上的備份)

學(xué)用 JavaScript 設(shè)計(jì)模式 (開(kāi)源中國(guó))

深入理解JavaScript系列

ECMAScript 6 入門(mén) (作者：阮一峰)

jQuery

jQuery 解構(gòu)

簡(jiǎn)單易懂的JQuery魔法

How to write jQuery plugin

Node.js

Node入門(mén)

七天學(xué)會(huì)NodeJS

Nodejs Wiki Book (繁體中文)

express.js 中文文檔

koa 中文文檔

使用 Express + MongoDB 搭建多人博客

Express框架

nodejs文檔

Node.js 包教不包會(huì)

Learn You The Node.js For Much Win! (中文版)

Node debug 三法三例

underscore.js

Underscore.js中文文檔

backbone.js

backbone.js入門(mén)教程 (PDF)

Backbone.js入門(mén)教程第二版

Developing Backbone.js Applications(中文版)

AngularJS

AngularJS最佳實(shí)踐和風(fēng)格指南

AngularJS中譯本

AngularJS入門(mén)教程

構(gòu)建自己的AngularJS

在Windows環(huán)境下用Yeoman構(gòu)建AngularJS項(xiàng)目

zepto 簡(jiǎn)明中文手冊(cè)

Sea.js

Hello Sea.js

CoffeeScript

CoffeeScript Cookbook

The Little Book on CoffeeScript中文版

ExtJS

Ext4.1.0 中文文檔

Chrome擴(kuò)展及應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā)

JavaScript入門(mén)教程

PHP

PHP調(diào)試技術(shù)手冊(cè)(PDF)

XDebug 2中文手冊(cè)(譯) (CHM)

PHP之道

PHP 最佳實(shí)踐

PHP安全最佳實(shí)踐

深入理解PHP內(nèi)核

PHP擴(kuò)展開(kāi)發(fā)及內(nèi)核應(yīng)用

CodeIgniter 用戶(hù)指南

Laravel4 中文文檔

Laravel 入門(mén)

Symfony2中文文檔 (未譯完)

Phalcon中文文檔（翻譯進(jìn)行中）

YiiBook幾本Yii框架的在線教程

簡(jiǎn)單易懂的PHP魔法

swoole文檔及入門(mén)教程

iOS

iOS開(kāi)發(fā)60分鐘入門(mén)

iOS7人機(jī)界面指南

Google Objective-C Style Guide 中文版

iPhone 6 屏幕揭秘

Apple Watch開(kāi)發(fā)初探

馬上著手開(kāi)發(fā) iOS 應(yīng)用程序

網(wǎng)易斯坦福大學(xué)公開(kāi)課：iOS 7應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā)字幕文件

Android

Android Design(中文版)

Google Android官方培訓(xùn)課程中文版

Android學(xué)習(xí)之路

Python

小白的Python教程

簡(jiǎn)明Python教程

零基礎(chǔ)學(xué)Python

Python 2.7 官方教程中文版

Python 3.3 官方教程中文版

深入 Python 3

PEP8 Python代碼風(fēng)格規(guī)范

Google Python 風(fēng)格指南 中文版

Python入門(mén)教程 (PDF)

Python的神奇方法指南

笨辦法學(xué) Python （PDF版下載）

Django 文檔中文版

Django 最佳實(shí)踐

The Django Book 中文版

web.py 0.3 新手指南

Web.py Cookbook 簡(jiǎn)體中文版

Dive Into Python 中文版

Bottle 文檔中文版 (需翻墻)

Flask 文檔中文版

Jinja2 文檔中文版

Werkzeug 文檔中文版

Flask之旅

Introduction to Tornado 中文翻譯

Python自然語(yǔ)言處理中文版 （感謝陳濤同學(xué)的翻譯，也謝謝 ?@shwley 聯(lián)系了作者）

Python 繪圖庫(kù) matplotlib 官方指南中文翻譯

Scrapy 0.25 文檔

ThinkPython

Ruby

Ruby 風(fēng)格指南

Rails 風(fēng)格指南

笨方法學(xué) Ruby

Ruby on Rails 指南

Ruby on Rails 實(shí)戰(zhàn)圣經(jīng)

Ruby on Rails Tutorial 原書(shū)第 2 版 (本書(shū)網(wǎng)頁(yè)版免費(fèi)提供，電子版以 PDF、EPub 和 Mobi 格式提供購(gòu)買(mǎi)，僅售 9.9 美元)

編寫(xiě)Ruby的C拓展

Ruby 源碼解讀

Shell

Shell腳本編程30分鐘入門(mén)

Go

Go編程基礎(chǔ)

Go入門(mén)指南

學(xué)習(xí)Go語(yǔ)言 (PDF)

Go Web 編程 (此書(shū)已經(jīng)出版，希望開(kāi)發(fā)者們?nèi)ベ?gòu)買(mǎi)，支持作者的創(chuàng)作)

Go實(shí)戰(zhàn)開(kāi)發(fā) (當(dāng)我收錄此項(xiàng)目時(shí)，作者已經(jīng)寫(xiě)完第三章，如果讀完前面章節(jié)覺(jué)得有幫助，可以給作者捐贈(zèng)，以鼓勵(lì)作者的繼續(xù)創(chuàng)作)

Network programming with Go 中文翻譯版本

Groovy

實(shí)戰(zhàn) Groovy 系列

LaTeX

一份其實(shí)很短的 LaTeX 入門(mén)文檔

一份不太簡(jiǎn)短的 LATEX 2ε 介紹 （PDF版）

LISP

ANSI Common Lisp 中文翻譯版

Lua

Lua編程入門(mén)

Haskell

Real World Haskell 中文版

R

R語(yǔ)言忍者秘笈

Scala

Scala課堂 (Twitter的Scala中文教程)

Effective Scala(Twitter的Scala最佳實(shí)踐的中文翻譯)

Scala指南

Swift

The Swift Programming Language 中文版

Perl

Modern Perl 中文版

Perl 程序員應(yīng)該知道的事

Prolog

笨辦法學(xué)Prolog

Vim中文文檔

Vimscript

笨方法學(xué)Vimscript 中譯本

Vim中文文檔

讀書(shū)筆記及其它 讀書(shū)筆記

編譯原理（紫龍書(shū)）中文第2版習(xí)題答案

把《編程珠璣》讀薄

Effective C++讀書(shū)筆記

Golang 學(xué)習(xí)筆記、Python 學(xué)習(xí)筆記、C 學(xué)習(xí)筆記 (PDF)

Jsoup 學(xué)習(xí)筆記

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