目標(biāo)
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在SpringBoot接口中,我們一般用@RequestBody類注解需要反序列化的對象,但是當(dāng)存在多個子類的情況下,常規(guī)的反序列化不能滿足需求,比如:
我們有一個類Exam用于表示一張試卷:
@Data public class Exam { private String name; private Listquestions; }
這里Question比較特殊,Question本身是一個抽象類,提供了一些通用的方法調(diào)用,實際子類有單選題、多選題、判斷題多種情況
實現(xiàn)
SprintBoot內(nèi)置的序列化是使用的Jackson,查閱文檔后發(fā)現(xiàn)Jackson提供了@JsonTypeInfo和@JsonSubTypes這兩個注解,搭配使用,可以根據(jù)指定的字段值來指定實例化中用到的具體的子類類型
這幾個類的實際代碼如下:
抽象基類Question:
@Data @JsonTypeInfo( use = JsonTypeInfo.Id.NAME, include = JsonTypeInfo.As.EXISTING_PROPERTY, property = "type", visible = true) @JsonSubTypes({ @JsonSubTypes.Type(value = SingleChoiceQuestion.class, name = Question.SINGLE_CHOICE), @JsonSubTypes.Type(value = MultipleChoiceQuestion.class, name = Question.MULTIPLE_CHOICE), @JsonSubTypes.Type(value = TrueOrFalseQuestion.class, name = Question.TRUE_OR_FALSE), }) public abstract class Question { protected static final String SINGLE_CHOICE = "single_choice"; protected static final String MULTIPLE_CHOICE = "multiple_choice"; protected static final String TRUE_OR_FALSE = "true_or_false"; protected String type; protected String content; protected String answer; protected boolean isCorrect(String answer) { return this.answer.equals(answer); } }
判斷題TrueOrFalseQuestion:
@Data @EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true) public class TrueOrFalseQuestion extends Question { public TrueOrFalseQuestion() { this.type = TRUE_OR_FALSE; } }
選擇題ChoiceQuestion:
@Data @EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true) public abstract class ChoiceQuestion extends Question { private List
單選題SingleChoiceQuestion:
@Data @EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true) public class SingleChoiceQuestion extends ChoiceQuestion { public SingleChoiceQuestion() { this.type = SINGLE_CHOICE; } }
多選題MultipleChoiceQuestion:
@Data @EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true) public class MultipleChoiceQuestion extends ChoiceQuestion { public MultipleChoiceQuestion() { this.type = MULTIPLE_CHOICE; } @Override public void setAnswer(String answer) { this.answer = sortString(answer); } @Override public boolean isCorrect(String answer) { return this.answer.equals(sortString(answer)); } private String sortString(String str) { char[] chars = str.toCharArray(); Arrays.sort(chars); return String.valueOf(chars); } }
測試
接下來測試一下
定義一個接口,我們可以使用@RequestBody傳入一個Exam對象,返回解析結(jié)果:
@RequestMapping(value = "/exam", method = RequestMethod.POST) public ListparseExam(@RequestBody Exam exam) { List results = new ArrayList<>(); results.add(String.format("Parsed an exam, name = %s", exam.getName())); results.add(String.format("Exam has %s questions", exam.getQuestions().size())) List types = new ArrayList<>(); for (Question question : exam.getQuestions()) { types.add(question.getType()); } results.add(String.format("Questions types: %s", types.toString())); return results; }
項目跑起來,調(diào)用接口測試一下:
curl -X POST \ http://127.0.0.1:8080/exam/ \ -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \ -d '{ "name":"一場考試", "questions": [ { "type": "single_choice", "content": "單選題", "options": [ { "code":"A", "content": "選項A" },{ "code":"B", "content": "選項B" }], "answer": "A" },{ "type": "multiple_choice", "content": "多選題", "options": [ { "code":"A", "content": "選項A" },{ "code":"B", "content": "選項B" }], "answer": "AB" },{ "type": "true_or_false", "content": "判斷題", "answer": "True" }] }'
接口返回如下:
[ "Parsed an exam, name = 一場考試", "Exam has 3 questions", "Questions types: [single_choice, multiple_choice, true_or_false]" ]
這里不同類型的question,type字段都能正確讀取,表明反序列化過程中確實是調(diào)用了具體子類對應(yīng)的類來進(jìn)行實例化的。
總結(jié)
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