這篇文章主要講解了“怎么使用HttpClient和OkHttp”，文中的講解內(nèi)容簡單清晰，易于學(xué)習(xí)與理解，下面請大家跟著小編的思路慢慢深入，一起來研究和學(xué)習(xí)“怎么使用HttpClient和OkHttp”吧！
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使用
HttpClient和OkHttp一般用于調(diào)用其它服務(wù)，一般服務(wù)暴露出來的接口都為http，http常用請求類型就為GET、PUT、POST和DELETE，因此主要介紹這些請求類型的調(diào)用
HttpClient使用介紹
使用HttpClient發(fā)送請求主要分為以下幾步驟：
創(chuàng)建 CloseableHttpClient對(duì)象或CloseableHttpAsyncClient對(duì)象，前者同步，后者為異步
創(chuàng)建Http請求對(duì)象
調(diào)用execute方法執(zhí)行請求，如果是異步請求在執(zhí)行之前需調(diào)用start方法
創(chuàng)建連接：
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
該連接為同步連接
GET請求：
重慶分公司
重慶分公司
@Test public void testGet() throws IOException { String api = "/api/files/1"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet); System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity())); }使用HttpGet表示該連接為GET請求，HttpClient調(diào)用execute方法發(fā)送GET請求
PUT請求：
@Test public void testPut() throws IOException { String api = "/api/user"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); HttpPut httpPut = new HttpPut(url); UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h3t").id(16L).build(); httpPut.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8"); httpPut.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO), "UTF-8")); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPut); System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity())); }POST請求：
添加對(duì)象
@Test public void testPost() throws IOException { String api = "/api/user"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h3t2").build(); httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8"); httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO), "UTF-8")); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost); System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity())); }該請求是一個(gè)創(chuàng)建對(duì)象的請求，需要傳入一個(gè)json字符串
上傳文件
@Test public void testUpload1() throws IOException { String api = "/api/files/1"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); File file = new File("C:/Users/hetiantian/Desktop/學(xué)習(xí)/docker_practice.pdf"); FileBody fileBody = new FileBody(file); MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create(); builder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE); builder.addPart("file", fileBody); //addPart上傳文件 HttpEntity entity = builder.build(); httpPost.setEntity(entity); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost); System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity())); }通過addPart上傳文件
DELETE請求：
@Test public void testDelete() throws IOException { String api = "/api/user/12"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); HttpDelete httpDelete = new HttpDelete(url); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpDelete); System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity())); }請求的取消：
@Test public void testCancel() throws IOException { String api = "/api/files/1"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url); httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig); //設(shè)置超時(shí)時(shí)間 //測試連接的取消 long begin = System.currentTimeMillis(); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet); while (true) { if (System.currentTimeMillis() - begin > 1000) { httpGet.abort(); System.out.println("task canceled"); break; } } System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity())); }調(diào)用abort方法取消請求 執(zhí)行結(jié)果：
task canceled cost 8098 msc Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:60549', transport: 'socket' java.net.SocketException: socket closed...【省略】
OkHttp使用
使用OkHttp發(fā)送請求主要分為以下幾步驟：
創(chuàng)建OkHttpClient對(duì)象
創(chuàng)建Request對(duì)象
將Request 對(duì)象封裝為Call
通過Call 來執(zhí)行同步或異步請求，調(diào)用execute方法同步執(zhí)行，調(diào)用enqueue方法異步執(zhí)行
創(chuàng)建連接：
private OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
GET請求：
@Test public void testGet() throws IOException { String api = "/api/files/1"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .get() .build(); final Call call = client.newCall(request); Response response = call.execute(); System.out.println(response.body().string()); }PUT請求：
@Test public void testPut() throws IOException { String api = "/api/user"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); //請求參數(shù) UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h3t").id(11L).build(); RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"), JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO)); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .put(requestBody) .build(); final Call call = client.newCall(request); Response response = call.execute(); System.out.println(response.body().string()); }POST請求：
添加對(duì)象
@Test public void testPost() throws IOException { String api = "/api/user"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); //請求參數(shù) JSONObject json = new JSONObject(); json.put("name", "hetiantian"); RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"), String.valueOf(json)); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .post(requestBody) //post請求 .build(); final Call call = client.newCall(request); Response response = call.execute(); System.out.println(response.body().string()); }上傳文件
@Test public void testUpload() throws IOException { String api = "/api/files/1"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); RequestBody requestBody = new MultipartBody.Builder() .setType(MultipartBody.FORM) .addFormDataPart("file", "docker_practice.pdf", RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"), new File("C:/Users/hetiantian/Desktop/學(xué)習(xí)/docker_practice.pdf"))) .build(); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .post(requestBody) //默認(rèn)為GET請求，可以不寫 .build(); final Call call = client.newCall(request); Response response = call.execute(); System.out.println(response.body().string()); }通過addFormDataPart方法模擬表單方式上傳文件
DELETE請求：
@Test public void testDelete() throws IOException { String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); //請求參數(shù) Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .delete() .build(); final Call call = client.newCall(request); Response response = call.execute(); System.out.println(response.body().string()); }請求的取消：
@Test public void testCancelSysnc() throws IOException { String api = "/api/files/1"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .get() .build(); final Call call = client.newCall(request); Response response = call.execute(); long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); //測試連接的取消 while (true) { //1分鐘獲取不到結(jié)果就取消請求 if (System.currentTimeMillis() - start > 1000) { call.cancel(); System.out.println("task canceled"); break; } } System.out.println(response.body().string()); }調(diào)用cancel方法進(jìn)行取消 測試結(jié)果：
task canceled cost 9110 msc java.net.SocketException: socket closed...【省略】
小結(jié)
OkHttp使用build模式創(chuàng)建對(duì)象來的更簡潔一些，并且使用.post/.delete/.put/.get方法表示請求類型，不需要像HttpClient創(chuàng)建HttpGet、HttpPost等這些方法來創(chuàng)建請求類型
依賴包上，如果HttpClient需要發(fā)送異步請求、實(shí)現(xiàn)文件上傳，需要額外的引入異步請求依賴
org.apache.httpcomponents httpmime 4.5.3 org.apache.httpcomponents httpasyncclient 4.5.3
請求的取消，HttpClient使用abort方法，OkHttp使用cancel方法，都挺簡單的，如果使用的是異步client，則在拋出異常時(shí)調(diào)用取消請求的方法即可
超時(shí)設(shè)置
HttpClient超時(shí)設(shè)置：
在HttpClient4.3+版本以上，超時(shí)設(shè)置通過RequestConfig進(jìn)行設(shè)置
private CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build(); private RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom() .setSocketTimeout(60 * 1000) .setConnectTimeout(60 * 1000).build(); String api = "/api/files/1"; String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api); HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url); httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig); //設(shè)置超時(shí)時(shí)間超時(shí)時(shí)間是設(shè)置在請求類型HttpGet上，而不是HttpClient上
OkHttp超時(shí)設(shè)置：
直接在OkHttp上進(jìn)行設(shè)置
private OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder() .connectTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//設(shè)置連接超時(shí)時(shí)間 .readTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//設(shè)置讀取超時(shí)時(shí)間 .build();
小結(jié)：
如果client是單例模式，HttpClient在設(shè)置超時(shí)方面來的更靈活，針對(duì)不同請求類型設(shè)置不同的超時(shí)時(shí)間，OkHttp一旦設(shè)置了超時(shí)時(shí)間，所有請求類型的超時(shí)時(shí)間也就確定
HttpClient和OkHttp性能比較
測試環(huán)境：
CPU 六核
內(nèi)存 8G
windows10
每種測試用例都測試五次，排除偶然性
client連接為單例：
client連接不為單例：
單例模式下，HttpClient的響應(yīng)速度要更快一些，單位為毫秒，性能差異相差不大
非單例模式下，OkHttp的性能更好，HttpClient創(chuàng)建連接比較耗時(shí)，因?yàn)槎鄶?shù)情況下這些資源都會(huì)寫成單例模式，因此圖一的測試結(jié)果更具有參考價(jià)值
感謝各位的閱讀，以上就是“怎么使用HttpClient和OkHttp”的內(nèi)容了，經(jīng)過本文的學(xué)習(xí)后，相信大家對(duì)怎么使用HttpClient和OkHttp這一問題有了更深刻的體會(huì)，具體使用情況還需要大家實(shí)踐驗(yàn)證。這里是創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)，小編將為大家推送更多相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的文章，歡迎關(guān)注！
