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成都創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)網(wǎng)站制作重慶分公司

文件共享服務(wù)---Samba

文件共享服務(wù)---Samba

創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)建站網(wǎng)站建設(shè)由有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)師、開發(fā)人員和項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理組成的專業(yè)建站團(tuán)隊(duì),負(fù)責(zé)網(wǎng)站視覺設(shè)計(jì)、用戶體驗(yàn)優(yōu)化、交互設(shè)計(jì)和前端開發(fā)等方面的工作,以確保網(wǎng)站外觀精美、成都網(wǎng)站制作、成都網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)易于使用并且具有良好的響應(yīng)性。

=============================================================================

Samba介紹

smb:Service Message Block;服務(wù)信息塊

cifs:Common Internet File System,

samba:作者:Andrew Tridgell;

  • 實(shí)事上是smb功能的實(shí)現(xiàn),核心當(dāng)中所實(shí)現(xiàn)的主要協(xié)議是cifs協(xié)議

功能

  • 文件系統(tǒng)共享;

  • NetBIOS協(xié)議(進(jìn)行Windows網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的主機(jī)名解析);

  • 打印服務(wù);

Samba安裝配置

1)程序環(huán)境

★samba安裝

  • # yum install samba -y

★主配置文件

  • /etc/samba/smb.conf

主程序:

  • /usr/sbin/nmbd:

        Network Naming Service,主要是完成NetBIOS名稱解析; 

  • /usr/sbin/smbd:

        SMB/CIFS Service;核心主程序,完成SMB/CIFS服務(wù)

★Unit File

  • /usr/lib/systemd/system/nmb.service

  • /usr/lib/systemd/system/smb.service

★監(jiān)聽的端口:

  • UDP:137/udp, 138/udp

  • TCP:139/tcp, 445/tcp 

客戶端程序:

  • mount -t cifs = mount.cifs

  • smbclient:交互式命令行客戶端工具;


2)samba的配置

   /etc/samba/smb.conf

★主配置文件:/etc/samba/smb.conf

[root@centos7 ~]# cd /etc/samba
[root@centos7 samba]# ls
lmhosts  smb.conf
[root@centos7 samba]# cp smb.conf{,.bak} # 首先備份
[root@centos7 samba]# ls
lmhosts  smb.conf  smb.conf.bak


[root@centos7 samba]# grep -i -E "^#[[:space:]]*(=|-)+" smb.conf # 過濾出配置段
#---------------
#--------------           # 全局配置段
#======================= Global Settings =====================================
# ----------------------- Network-Related Options -------------------------
# --------------------------- Logging Options -----------------------------
# ----------------------- Standalone Server Options ------------------------
# ----------------------- Domain Members Options ------------------------
# ----------------------- Domain Controller Options ------------------------
# ----------------------- Browser Control Options ----------------------------
#----------------------------- Name Resolution -------------------------------
# --------------------------- Printing Options -----------------------------
# --------------------------- File System Options ---------------------------
#============================ Share Definitions ==============================
                            # 用戶自定義的共享配置段

★兩類配置段:


◎全局配置

  [global]

  • workgroup = MYGROUP 工作組模型 用來定義工作組

  • server string = Samba Server Version %v  定義提示信息

  • interfaces = lo eth0 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24  指明要監(jiān)聽的地址或網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口;

  • hosts allow = 127. 192.168.12. 192.168.13. 訪問控制,相當(dāng)于白名單

  • log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m 每個(gè)客戶端將使用自己專用的日志文件;

  • max log size = 50 指明日志文件大小,默認(rèn)為KB

  • security = user 定義安全級(jí)別,user提供賬號(hào)和密碼

    share (depricated) 匿名共享

    server (depricated) 實(shí)現(xiàn)集中式身份認(rèn)證

    domain

  • passdb backend = tdbsam 賬號(hào)密碼的存儲(chǔ)格式

  • load printers = yes samba 服務(wù)啟動(dòng)時(shí)是否裝載打印機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)

  • cups options = raw 通用的打印機(jī)的服務(wù)方式


共享文件系統(tǒng):

  [shared_ID]

有三類:

  • [homes]:每個(gè)samba用戶是否能夠通過samba服務(wù)訪問其家目錄;

  • [printers]:打印服務(wù);

  • [shared_FS]:用戶自定義的共享目錄;

常用指令:

  • comment:注釋信息;

  • path:本地文件系統(tǒng)路徑;

  • browseable:是否可瀏覽,是否為用戶可見;

  • guest ok:是否允許來賓賬號(hào)(匿名用戶)訪問;

  • public:是否公開給所有來賓;

  • writable:是否可寫;

        writable=YES和read only = no是一樣的

  • write list:擁有寫權(quán)限的用戶或組列表;

       用戶名 

       @組名 = +組名 

2)samba用戶管理

★命令:

  smbpasswd, pdbedit


1)smbpasswd

語法:

   smbpasswd [OPTIONS] USERNAME(系統(tǒng)用戶)

選項(xiàng):

  • -a:添加;

  • -x:刪除;

  • -d:禁用;

  • -e:?jiǎn)⒂?/p>

2)pdbedit:

  • -L:列出samba服務(wù)中的所有用戶;

  • -a:添加用戶為samba用戶;

      -u USERNAME:

  • -x:刪除

  • -t:從標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出接收密碼;

  

訪問服務(wù):

☉smbclient交互式客戶端程序:

  • 查看目標(biāo)服務(wù)上的共享

       smbclient -L SMB_SERVER [-U USERNAME]

  • 訪問共享服務(wù)

       smbclient //SMB_SERVER[/SHARE_NAME] [-U USERNAME]

mount.cifs 

  • mount -t cifs //SMB_SERVER/SHARED_ID  /MOUNT_POINT  -o username=USER,password=PASS(指明用戶身份和密碼)

注意:

  掛載操作中的用戶,與-o選項(xiàng)中指定的用戶直接產(chǎn)生映射關(guān)系;訪問掛載,是以-o選項(xiàng)指定的用戶身份運(yùn)行,與本地用戶以ID產(chǎn)生映射;

自定義共享的方式:

   [shared_ID]

    comment = 

    path = 

    guest ok = 

    read only = 

    public = 

    browseable = 

    write list = 

注意:

   定義所有用戶在服務(wù)級(jí)的寫權(quán)限write = yes (read only = no)不建議與write list同時(shí)使用;


命令演示:

  1.添加用戶

[root@centos7 ~]# pdbedit -a -u tao # 添加用戶
new password:
retype new password:
Unix username:        tao
NT username:          
Account Flags:        [U          ]
User SID:             S-1-5-21-1194301372-4224252613-970535052-1000
Primary Group SID:    S-1-5-21-1194301372-4224252613-970535052-513
Full Name:            
Home Directory:       \\centos7\tao
HomeDir Drive:        
Logon Script:         
Profile Path:         \\centos7\tao\profile
Domain:               CENTOS7
Account desc:         
Workstations:         
Munged dial:          
Logon time:           0
Logoff time:          Wed, 06 Feb 2036 23:06:39 CST
Kickoff time:         Wed, 06 Feb 2036 23:06:39 CST
Password last set:    Tue, 18 Oct 2016 23:24:50 CST
Password can change:  Tue, 18 Oct 2016 23:24:50 CST
Password must change: never
Last bad password   : 0
Bad password count  : 0
Logon hours         : FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF

[root@centos7 ~]# pdbedit -L # 列出samba用戶
tao:1000:

[root@centos7 ~]# pdbedit -a -u xiu # 再添加一個(gè)用戶xiu

[root@centos7 ~]# pdbedit -L 
tao:1000:
xiu:1001:

   啟動(dòng)samba服務(wù),并查看端口號(hào)

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl start nmb.service smb.service
[root@centos7 ~]# ss -unl # 查看udp端口 137,138
State       Recv-Q Send-Q                                      Local Address:Port                                                     Peer Address:Port              
UNCONN      0      0                                                       *:68                                                                  *:*                  
UNCONN      0      0                                           192.168.1.255:137                                                                 *:*                  
UNCONN      0      0                                            192.168.1.15:137                                                                 *:*                  
UNCONN      0      0                                                       *:137                                                                 *:*                  
UNCONN      0      0                                           192.168.1.255:138                                                                 *:*                  
UNCONN      0      0                                            192.168.1.15:138                                                                 *:*                  
UNCONN      0      0                                                       *:138                                                                 *:*                  
UNCONN      0      0                                               127.0.0.1:323                                                                 *:*                  
UNCONN      0      0                                                       *:34320                                                               *:*                  
UNCONN      0      0                                                      :::10025                                                              :::*                  
UNCONN      0      0                                                     ::1:323                                                                :::*  

[root@centos7 ~]# ss -tnl # 查看tcp協(xié)議端口 139,445
State       Recv-Q Send-Q                                      Local Address:Port                                                     Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128                                             127.0.0.1:6012                                                                *:*                  
LISTEN      0      50                                                      *:445                                                                 *:*                  
LISTEN      0      50                                                      *:3306                                                                *:*                  
LISTEN      0      50                                                      *:139                                                                 *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                     *:22                                                                  *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                             127.0.0.1:631                                                                 *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                                             127.0.0.1:25                                                                  *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                             127.0.0.1:6010                                                                *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                             127.0.0.1:6011                                                                *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                   ::1:6012                                                               :::*                  
LISTEN      0      50                                                     :::445                                                                :::*                  
LISTEN      0      50                                                     :::139                                                                :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                    :::22                                                                 :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                   ::1:631                                                                :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100                                                   ::1:25                                                                 :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                   ::1:6010                                                               :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                                   ::1:6011                                                               :::*

  2.smbclient命令查看目標(biāo)主機(jī)上的共享

    這里以centos 6 主機(jī)作為客戶端,訪問作為samba服務(wù)器的centos 7

# 匿名訪問,不輸入密碼,如下:
[root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient -L 192.168.1.15 
Enter root's password: 
Anonymous login successful
Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3]

	Sharename       Type      Comment
	---------       ----      -------
	IPC$            IPC       IPC Service (Samba Server Version 4.2.3)
Anonymous login successful
Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3]

	Server               Comment
	---------            -------
	CENTOS7              Samba Server Version 4.2.3

	Workgroup            Master
	---------            -------
	MYGROUP              CENTOS7
	WORKGROUP            PC-20160624QLWL
	
# 已創(chuàng)建的系統(tǒng)用戶賬號(hào)來訪問,如下:
[root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient -L 192.168.1.15 -U tao
Enter tao's password: 
Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3]

	Sharename       Type      Comment
	---------       ----      -------
	IPC$            IPC       IPC Service (Samba Server Version 4.2.3)
	tao             Disk      Home Directories
Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3]

	Server               Comment
	---------            -------
	CENTOS7              Samba Server Version 4.2.3

	Workgroup            Master
	---------            -------
	MYGROUP              CENTOS7
	WORKGROUP            PC-20160624QLWL

 

   3.smbclient命令訪問目標(biāo)主機(jī)上的共享服務(wù)

[root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient //192.168.1.15/ -U tao 
Enter tao's password: 
[root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient //192.168.1.15/tao  -U tao # 要添加允許訪問的共享的目錄文件
Enter tao's password: 
Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3]
smb: \> help # 獲取幫助
?              allinfo        altname        archive        blocksize      
cancel         case_sensitive cd             chmod          chown          
close          del            dir            du             echo           
exit           get            getfacl        geteas         hardlink       
help           history        iosize         lcd            link           
lock           lowercase      ls             l              mask           
md             mget           mkdir          more           mput           
newer          open           posix          posix_encrypt  posix_open     
posix_mkdir    posix_rmdir    posix_unlink   print          prompt         
put            pwd            q              queue          quit           
readlink       rd             recurse        reget          rename         
reput          rm             rmdir          showacls       setea          
setmode        stat           symlink        tar            tarmode        
timeout        translate      unlock         volume         vuid           
wdel           logon          listconnect    showconnect    ..             
!              
smb: \> pwd # 顯示的是samba服務(wù)器上系統(tǒng)用戶tao的共享目錄,配置中家目錄是允許共享的
Current directory is \\192.168.1.15\tao\
smb: \> ls
  .                                   D        0  Tue Oct 18 13:09:36 2016
  ..                                  D        0  Tue Oct 18 11:38:44 2016
  .mozilla                           DH        0  Mon Jul 25 23:57:35 2016
  .bash_logout                        H       18  Fri Nov 20 13:02:30 2015
  .bash_profile                       H      193  Fri Nov 20 13:02:30 2015
  .bashrc                             H      231  Fri Nov 20 13:02:30 2015
  .zshrc                              H      658  Fri Nov 20 21:11:02 2015
  .Xauthority                         H       53  Sun Sep 11 11:11:49 2016
  .cache                             DH        0  Sun Sep 11 11:11:49 2016
  .config                            DH        0  Tue Oct 18 12:38:09 2016
  .bash_history                       H      361  Tue Oct 18 12:43:06 2016
  .MySQL_history                      H      268  Mon Oct 17 16:18:28 2016
  pub                                 D        0  Tue Oct 18 09:16:21 2016
  upload                              D        0  Tue Oct 18 09:20:53 2016
  xiu                                 D        0  Tue Oct 18 09:36:02 2016
  .local                             DH        0  Tue Oct 18 12:38:09 2016
  f1                                          13  Tue Oct 18 13:09:36 2016

		40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available
smb: \> put /etc/fstab # 上傳Cen 6 中的文件發(fā)現(xiàn)不能上傳,這里最要使用當(dāng)前路徑
NT_STATUS_OBJECT_PATH_NOT_FOUND opening remote file \/etc/fstab
smb: \> lcd /etc # 切換到要上傳文件的當(dāng)前目錄中
smb: \> put fstab # 上傳文件,發(fā)現(xiàn)可以上傳,這是因?yàn)橄到y(tǒng)文件中定義的writable=YES,有寫權(quán)限,并且tao用戶對(duì)自己的家目錄也有寫權(quán)限
putting file fstab as \fstab (52.3 kb/s) (average 52.3 kb/s)
smb: \> ls
  .                                   D        0  Wed Oct 19 00:11:59 2016
  ..                                  D        0  Tue Oct 18 11:38:44 2016
  .mozilla                           DH        0  Mon Jul 25 23:57:35 2016
  .bash_logout                        H       18  Fri Nov 20 13:02:30 2015
  .bash_profile                       H      193  Fri Nov 20 13:02:30 2015
  .bashrc                             H      231  Fri Nov 20 13:02:30 2015
  .zshrc                              H      658  Fri Nov 20 21:11:02 2015
  .Xauthority                         H       53  Sun Sep 11 11:11:49 2016
  .cache                             DH        0  Sun Sep 11 11:11:49 2016
  .config                            DH        0  Tue Oct 18 12:38:09 2016
  .bash_history                       H      361  Tue Oct 18 12:43:06 2016
  .mysql_history                      H      268  Mon Oct 17 16:18:28 2016
  pub                                 D        0  Tue Oct 18 09:16:21 2016
  upload                              D        0  Tue Oct 18 09:20:53 2016
  xiu                                 D        0  Tue Oct 18 09:36:02 2016
  .local                             DH        0  Tue Oct 18 12:38:09 2016
  f1                                          13  Tue Oct 18 13:09:36 2016
  fstab #已上傳的文件                 A     1017  Wed Oct 19 00:11:59 2016

		40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available
smb: \> ^C

  

  4.自定義共享服務(wù)

[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir -pv /samba/tools  # 創(chuàng)建共享的目錄
mkdir: created directory ‘/samba’
mkdir: created directory ‘/samba/tools’

[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf  # 編輯主配置文件
 [apps] # 自定義一個(gè)共享名
         comment = tools       # 注釋為tools工具
         path = /samba/tools   # 本地文件系統(tǒng)路徑
         browseable = yes      # 允許非屬主,數(shù)組瀏覽
         guest ok = yes        # 允許來賓訪問,即匿名用戶
         writable = yes        # 允許寫操作(如:上傳和刪除等)
 
 # 配置好之后保存退出,并測(cè)試語法
[root@centos7 samba]# testparm # 語法測(cè)試
Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf
rlimit_max: increasing rlimit_max (1024) to minimum Windows limit (16384)
Processing section "[homes]"
Processing section "[printers]"
Processing section "[apps]"
Loaded services file OK.
Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE

Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
                       # 敲回車,打印出服務(wù)所有的生效配置
# Global parameters
[global]
	workgroup = MYGROUP
	server string = Samba Server Version %v
	security = USER
	log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
	max log size = 50
	idmap config * : backend = tdb
	cups options = raw


[homes]
	comment = Home Directories
	read only = No
	browseable = No


[printers]
	comment = All Printers
	path = /var/spool/samba
	printable = Yes
	print ok = Yes
	browseable = No


[apps]
	comment = tools
	path = /samba/tools
	read only = No # 非只讀,代表可寫
	guest ok = Yes

[root@centos7 samba]# systemctl restart smb 重啟服務(wù)

 查看共享服務(wù),并訪問

# 查看系統(tǒng)用戶下的共享服務(wù)
[root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient -L 192.168.1.15 -U tao 
Enter tao's password: 
Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3]

	Sharename       Type      Comment
	---------       ----      -------
	apps            Disk      tools
            
            
                        
分享題目:文件共享服務(wù)---Samba
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