一 基本環(huán)境

1 環(huán)境處理

mkdir  djanad
cd djanad/
pyenv   virtualenv 3.6.5  djanad
pyenv  local  djanad

結(jié)果如下

成都創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)主打移動(dòng)網(wǎng)站、成都網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)、網(wǎng)站建設(shè)、網(wǎng)站改版、網(wǎng)絡(luò)推廣、網(wǎng)站維護(hù)、主機(jī)域名、等互聯(lián)網(wǎng)信息服務(wù)，為各行業(yè)提供服務(wù)。在技術(shù)實(shí)力的保障下，我們?yōu)榭蛻舫兄Z穩(wěn)定，放心的服務(wù)，根據(jù)網(wǎng)站的內(nèi)容與功能再?zèng)Q定采用什么樣的設(shè)計(jì)。最后，要實(shí)現(xiàn)符合網(wǎng)站需求的內(nèi)容、功能與設(shè)計(jì)，我們還會(huì)規(guī)劃穩(wěn)定安全的技術(shù)方案做保障。

2 創(chuàng)建django和基本配置

 pip install  django==2.1

django-admin startproject  demo .
django-admin  startapp  app

結(jié)果如下

數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)配置如下

基本時(shí)區(qū)和MySQL配置及相關(guān)時(shí)區(qū)配置請(qǐng)看django基礎(chǔ)

https://blog.51cto.com/11233559/2444627

啟動(dòng)結(jié)果如下

二 view基本使用

1 view中使用模板

1 概述

django內(nèi)置了自己的模板引擎，和jinjia 很像，使用簡(jiǎn)單

使用 Template 進(jìn)行定義模板，使用Context 將數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入到該模板中，其導(dǎo)入默認(rèn)使用字典

2 環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備

1 創(chuàng)建models

django 默認(rèn)會(huì)去到app_name/templates下尋找模板，這是settings中的默認(rèn)設(shè)置，默認(rèn)會(huì)去app_name/static找那個(gè)尋找靜態(tài)文件(css,js,jpg,html)等

---

在 app/models.py 中創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表模板,具體配置如下：

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
# 問(wèn)題
class Question(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')

    def __str__(self):
        return self.question_text

# 選擇
# 配置選擇為問(wèn)題的外鍵，并配置選擇的內(nèi)容和選擇的起始值
class Choice(models.Model):
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=Question)
    choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.choice_text

2 執(zhí)行生成遷移文件和遷移并查看

 python manage.py   makemigrations

 python manage.py   migrate

結(jié)果如下

3 添加數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)入表中

創(chuàng)建后臺(tái)登陸用戶，設(shè)置用戶名為admin，密碼為admin@123

4 將model中的模型添加進(jìn)入django admin 后臺(tái)管理界面

app/admin.py中添加

# Register your models here.
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Question, Choice

# Register your models here.
class ChoiceInline(admin.TabularInline):
    model = Choice
    extra = 3

class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fieldsets = [
        (None, {'fields': ['question_text']}),
        ('Date information', {'fields': ['pub_date'], 'classes': ['collapse']}),
    ]
    inlines = [ChoiceInline]
    list_display = ('question_text', 'pub_date')

admin.site.register(Choice)
admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin)

url : localhost:port/admin/

5 登陸后臺(tái)并添加數(shù)據(jù)如下

6 配置靜態(tài)文件

demo/setting.py 中配置添加

STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')
]

項(xiàng)目中創(chuàng)建static 并上傳圖片django.jpg

7 配置 url

demo/urls.py中配置如下

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^app/', include("app.urls",namespace="app")),  #此處配置名稱空間，用于處理后面的翻轉(zhuǎn)
]

8 app中創(chuàng)建 urls.py 文件，內(nèi)容如下

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^index/$', views.index, name="index"), # name 指定名稱，
]

3 view 使用

1 在view中直接嵌入模板，結(jié)果如下

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.template import Template, Context
from . import models
from django.http import HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

def index(request):
    lastes_question_list = models.Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
    template = Template("""
    
    {%  if lastes_question_list %}
    

    {% for question  in  lastes_question_list %}
    
   {{ question.question_text }}  
 
    {% endfor %}
    
    {% endif %}
    """)
    context = Context({"lastes_question_list": lastes_question_list})
    return HttpResponse(template.render(context))

訪問(wèn)配置，結(jié)果如下

2 使用html 模板如下

index 代碼如下

    
    



{% if lastes_question_list %}

    {% for question in lastes_question_list %}
    

         {{question.question_text}} 
    
    {% endfor %}


{% endif%}

app/view.py 中代碼如下

from . import models
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.template import loader

# Create your views here.
def index(request):
    lastes_question_list = models.Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
    template = loader.get_template("app/index.html")
    context = {"lastes_question_list": lastes_question_list}
    return HttpResponse(template.render(context))

3 index.html不變，app/view 修改

from . import models
from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
def index(request):
    lastes_question_list = models.Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
    context = {"lastes_question_list": lastes_question_list}
    return render(request, template_name="app/index.html", context=context)

4 去掉static 和 url中的硬編碼及反向解析

根據(jù)根路由中注冊(cè)的namespace和子路由中注冊(cè)的name來(lái)動(dòng)態(tài)獲取路徑。在模板中使用"{% url namespace:name %}"
如果攜帶位置參數(shù)
“{% url namespace:name args %}"
如果攜帶關(guān)鍵字參數(shù)
“{% url namespace:name k1=v1 k2=v2 %}"

---

配置 詳情頁(yè)面添加數(shù)據(jù)

app/view.py 中添加數(shù)據(jù)如下

from . import models
from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
def index(request):
    lastes_question_list = models.Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
    context = {"lastes_question_list": lastes_question_list}
    return render(request, template_name="app/index.html", context=context)

def detal(request, question_id):
    detal = models.Question.objects.get(pk=question_id)
    context = {"detal": detal}
    return render(request, template_name="app/detal.html", context=context)

app/urls.py中如下

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^index/$', views.index, name="index"),
    url(r'^(?P[0-9]+)/$', views.detal, name="detal"),# name 指定名稱，用于后面的反向解析
]

]

詳情頁(yè)html 配置如下

    
    


{% if detal %}
{{ detal.question_text }}
{% for question in detal.choice_set.all %}

    {{ question.votes }}
    {{ question.choice_text }}

{% endfor %}
{% endif %}

index.html 修改如下

    {% load static %}
    
    



{% if lastes_question_list %}

    {% for question in lastes_question_list %}
    

         {{question.question_text}} 
    
    {% endfor %}


{% endif%}

2 針對(duì)上述項(xiàng)目實(shí)現(xiàn)投票機(jī)制

1 修改detal 結(jié)果如下

此處的app:vote 是對(duì)應(yīng)的namespace 和 name ，及名稱空間和名稱

    
    


{{ detal.question_text }}

    {{error_message}}


    {% for choice in detal.choice_set.all %}
    
     {{ choice.choice_text }} 
    

    {% endfor %}
    

2 app/views.py

from . import models
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404, reverse

# Create your views here.
def index(request):
    lastes_question_list = models.Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
    context = {"lastes_question_list": lastes_question_list}
    return render(request, template_name="app/index.html", context=context)

# 詳情頁(yè)面
def detal(request, question_id):
    detal = models.Question.objects.get(pk=question_id)
    context = {"detal": detal}
    return render(request, template_name="app/detal.html", context=context)

# 投票結(jié)果顯示
def vote(request, question_id):
    question = get_object_or_404(models.Question, pk=question_id)
    if request.method == "POST":
        choice_id = request.POST.get('choice', 0)
        try:
            selected_choice = question.choice_set.get(pk=choice_id)
        except  models.Choice.DoesNotExist:
            return render(request, 'app/detal.html', {
                'qestion': question,
                "error_message": "You didn't select  a  choice",
            })
        else:
            selected_choice.votes += 1
            selected_choice.save()
            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('app:results', args=(question.id,)))

# 投票結(jié)果顯示
def results(request, question_id):
    question = get_object_or_404(models.Question, pk=question_id)
    print(question, type(question))
    return render(request, 'app/results.html', {"question": question})

3 templates/app/results.html

    
    


 {{ question.question_text }} 
 測(cè)試 


    {% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}

    

        {{ choice.choice_text }} -- {{ choice.votes }} vote {{ choice.votes |pluralize }}
    
    {% endfor %}

4 投票程序結(jié)果如下:

3 錯(cuò)誤頁(yè)面處理

1 基本頁(yè)面處理

def test(request):
    # return HttpResponse('Not Found', status=404)
    return HttpResponseNotFound('Not Found')

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^app/', include("app.urls"), {"question_id": 1}),  # 此處配置直接捕獲question_id 進(jìn)行處理
    url(r'^test/$', test)
]

上述兩種返回錯(cuò)誤方式結(jié)果相同

2 自定義錯(cuò)誤視圖

在url中導(dǎo)入，在其他頁(yè)面使用即可
在 demo/urls.py中導(dǎo)入

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseNotFound

def test(request):
    return HttpResponse('Not Found', status=404)

handler404 = 'demo.views.my_custom_page_not_found_view'
handler500 = 'demo.views.my_custom_error_found_view'
handler403 = 'demo.views.my_custom_permission_denied_view'
handler400 = 'demo.views.my_custom_bad_request_request_view'

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^app/', include("app.urls")),  # 此處配置直接捕獲question_id 進(jìn)行處理
    url(r'^test/$', test)
]

demo/views.py中配置如下

from django.http import HttpResponse

def my_custom_page_not_found_view(request):
    return HttpResponse("頁(yè)面不存在", status=404)

def my_custom_error_found_view(request):
    return HttpResponse("服務(wù)器錯(cuò)誤", status=500)

def my_custom_permission_denied_view(request):
    return HttpResponse("拒絕訪問(wèn)", status=403)

def my_custom_bad_request_request_view(request):
    return HttpResponse("請(qǐng)求錯(cuò)誤", status=400)

此處需要將demo/setting.py 中的DEBUG修改為False,才會(huì)出現(xiàn)此處定義的情況

結(jié)果如下

4 相關(guān)函數(shù)

1 render函數(shù)

用于渲染模板和傳遞參數(shù)

def render(request, template_name, context=None, content_type=None, status=None, using=None):
    """
    Returns a HttpResponse whose content is filled with the result of calling
    django.template.loader.render_to_string() with the passed arguments.
    """
    content = loader.render_to_string(template_name, context, request, using=using)
    return HttpResponse(content, content_type, status)

---

選項(xiàng)：

request : 請(qǐng)求參數(shù)

template_name：對(duì)應(yīng)的html模板名稱

context：渲染模板的context字典，默認(rèn)是空 {}

content_type : Response MIME type,默認(rèn)使用DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE 設(shè)置

2 redirect 函數(shù)

用于頁(yè)面跳轉(zhuǎn)

def redirect(to, *args, **kwargs):
    pass 

---

選項(xiàng)

to ：
此選項(xiàng)可以是
1 模塊
2 視圖名稱
3 absolute或者回調(diào) url

perments 是否永久重定向

為 True 表示永久重定向，否則表示臨時(shí)重定向

3 get_object_or_404 函數(shù)

當(dāng)對(duì)象不存在時(shí)返回特定頁(yè)面404

def get_object_or_404(class, *args, **kwargs):
    pass 

第一個(gè)參數(shù)： 可為Model中對(duì)應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表類，后面可為對(duì)應(yīng)的過(guò)濾方法

    question = get_object_or_404(models.Question, pk=question_id)

當(dāng)對(duì)象執(zhí)行成功時(shí)，返回對(duì)應(yīng)的值，否則返回404 錯(cuò)誤

4 get_list_or_404 函數(shù)

當(dāng)對(duì)象不存在時(shí)返回特定頁(yè)面404

    question = get_list_or_404(models.Question, pk=question_id)

5 裝飾器

require_http_methods(request_method_list)
用于限制請(qǐng)求類型，在此中以列表的形式顯示

---

require_GET()
用于限制請(qǐng)求類型為GET請(qǐng)求

---

require_POST()
用于限制請(qǐng)求類型為POST 請(qǐng)求

---

require_safe()
用于限制安全的請(qǐng)求，如get和head

---

gzip_page()
用于啟用gzip壓縮功能

---

cache_control(**kwargs)
緩存相關(guān)函數(shù)

---

never_cache()
用于配置永久不緩存

---

login_required()
用于處理登錄后的用戶才能訪問(wèn)對(duì)應(yīng)的屬性

三 urlconf

1 django 路由匹配概述

1 項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)后根據(jù) setting ROOT_URLCONF 決定跟URLconf，默認(rèn)是object中的urls.py

2 它是django.conf.urls.url()實(shí)例的一個(gè)python 列表

3 django 依次匹配每個(gè)URL模式，在于請(qǐng)求的URL匹配的第一個(gè)模式停下來(lái)。

4 一旦其中的一個(gè)正則表達(dá)式匹配上，django將導(dǎo)入并調(diào)用給出的視圖，它是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的python函數(shù)(或者一個(gè)基于類的視圖)。視圖將獲得如下參數(shù)：

一個(gè)HttpRequest 實(shí)例。

如果匹配的正則表達(dá)式返回來(lái)了沒(méi)有命名的組，那么正則表達(dá)式匹配的內(nèi)容將作為位置參數(shù)提供給視圖。

關(guān)鍵字參數(shù)由正則表達(dá)式匹配的命名組成，但是可以被django.conf.urls.url()的可選參數(shù)kwargs 覆蓋。

5 如果沒(méi)有匹配到正則表達(dá)式，或者如果過(guò)程中拋出一個(gè)異常，django將調(diào)用一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤處理試圖。

2 用戶請(qǐng)求數(shù)據(jù)處理過(guò)程

Middlewares: 過(guò)濾函數(shù)，俗稱過(guò)濾器，在執(zhí)行之前和執(zhí)行之后進(jìn)行某些操作

3 URL 命名空間

1 兩種命名空間

app namespace

instance namespace

2 app namespace

app/urls.py

app_name='app' # 此中方式和在demo/urls.py中的
url(r'^app/', include("app.urls",namespace="app")), 作用相同

命名空間的作用主要用作隔離

---

上述表示使用了此配置后，此配置文件中的所有數(shù)據(jù)都在此名稱空間下，在使用url時(shí)，需要在其上面加上名稱空間的名稱

3 instance namespace

instance 級(jí)別，名稱不可以重復(fù)

在demo/urls.py中的

url(r'^app/', include("app.urls",namespace="app")), 用于在項(xiàng)目的urls.py中的include()中指定，作用和上面的相同，均可用于反向解析

---

說(shuō)明:

app namespace 使用場(chǎng)景: 通常使用此方式 ，除非有多個(gè)include則使用instance namespace

3 url 反向解析

1 解析概述

如果在你的代碼中，需要使用一些類似url模板標(biāo)簽，Django提供了下列功能：

正解析: url ->view

反解析: view name -> url

2 reverse

此函數(shù)用于通過(guò)url中指定的name來(lái)返回對(duì)應(yīng)的url

格式如下

reverse(viewname,urlconf=None,args=None,Kwargs=None,current_app=None)
viewname 可以是一個(gè)url模式名稱或一個(gè)可調(diào)用的視圖對(duì)象

3 reverse_lazy

懶加載下的 reverse

格式如下：
reverse_lazy(viewname, urlconf=None, args=None, kwargs=None, current_app=None)

---

作用：
提供反向URL作為url基于類的通用視圖的屬性。
向裝飾器提供反向URL（例如裝飾器的login_url參數(shù)django.contrib.auth.decorators.permission_required() ）。
提供反向URL作為函數(shù)簽名中參數(shù)的默認(rèn)值。

---

1 在模板中: 使用url 模板標(biāo)簽
2 在python 代碼中，使用django.core.urlresolvers.reverse() 函數(shù)
3 在更高層的與處理django模型實(shí)例相關(guān)的代碼中，使用get_absolute_url() 方法

4 多種URL

demo.urls.py 中配置如下

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
from django.http import HttpResponse

def year(request):
    return HttpResponse("year")

def month(request):
    return HttpResponse("month")

def ymd(request):
    return HttpResponse("year-month-days")

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^app/', include("app.urls")),
    url(r'^[0-9]{4}/$', year),
    url(r'^[0-9]{2}/$', month),
    url(r'^[0-9]{4}/[0-9]{2}/[0-9]{2}/$', ymd),
]

說(shuō)明：

1 若要從URL中捕獲一個(gè)值，只需要在它周圍放置一對(duì)圓括號(hào)

2 不需要添加一個(gè)前導(dǎo)的反斜杠，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)URL都有，

3 每個(gè)正則表達(dá)式前面的'r' 是可選的，建議加上，它告訴python這個(gè)字符串是原始的字符串，字符串中的任何意義都不應(yīng)該被轉(zhuǎn)義。

4 默認(rèn)捕捉到的都是字符串

5 上述的匹配方式因?yàn)榧由狭?，因此其是絕對(duì)匹配

5 URL 無(wú)法匹配的錯(cuò)誤處理

當(dāng)django找不到一個(gè)匹配請(qǐng)求的URL的正則表達(dá)式時(shí)，或者當(dāng)拋出一個(gè)異常時(shí)，django會(huì)將調(diào)用有個(gè)錯(cuò)誤處理視圖

---

默認(rèn)的錯(cuò)誤處理視圖

-handler404
-handler500
-handler403
-handler400

6 url 多種組合寫法

1 引入配置

demo/urls.py 中如下

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
from django.http import HttpResponse

def year(request):
    return HttpResponse("year")

def month(request):
    return HttpResponse("month")

def ymd(request):
    return HttpResponse("year-month-days")

extra_patters = [
    url(r'^[0-9]{4}/$', year),
    url(r'^[0-9]{2}/$', month),
    url(r'^[0-9]{4}/[0-9]{2}/[0-9]{2}/$', ymd),

]

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^app/', include("app.urls"), name="app"),
    url(r'test/', include(extra_patters)),  # 引入上述配置的匹配規(guī)則
]

2 多層級(jí)配置

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
from django.http import HttpResponse

def year(request):
    return HttpResponse("year")

def month(request):
    return HttpResponse("month")

def ymd(request):
    return HttpResponse("year-month-days")

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^app/', include("app.urls"), name="app"),
    url(r'test/', include([

        url(r'^[0-9]{4}/$', year),
        url(r'^[0-9]{2}/$', month),
        url(r'^[0-9]{4}/[0-9]{2}/[0-9]{2}/$', ymd),

    ])),  # 引入上述配置的匹配規(guī)則
]

3 追加配置

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
from django.http import HttpResponse

def year(request):
    return HttpResponse("year")

def month(request):
    return HttpResponse("month")

def ymd(request):
    return HttpResponse("year-month-days")

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^app/', include("app.urls"), name="app"),
    url(r'test/', include([

        url(r'^[0-9]{4}/$', year),
        url(r'^[0-9]{2}/$', month),
        url(r'^[0-9]{4}/[0-9]{2}/[0-9]{2}/$', ymd),

    ])),  # 引入上述配置的匹配規(guī)則
]

def log(request):
    return HttpResponse("log")

urlpatterns += [
    url(r'log/', log)
]

結(jié)果如下

6 URL 參數(shù)的捕獲和繼承

demo/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^(?P[0-9]+)/app/', include("app.urls"), name="app"),  # 此處配置直接捕獲question_id 進(jìn)行處理
]

app/urls.py 中配置如下

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from . import views

app_name = "app"
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^index/$', views.index, name="index"),
    url(r'^$', views.detal, name="detal"),
    url(r'^result$', views.result, name="result"),
    url(r'^vote$', views.vote, name="vote"),
]

去除了之前的(?P[0-9]+)

---

app/view.py

修改 index接受參數(shù),需要添加接受此參數(shù)，否則其無(wú)法訪問(wèn)

def index(request, question_id):
    lastes_question_list = models.Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
    context = {"lastes_question_list": lastes_question_list}
    return render(request, template_name="app/index.html", context=context)

傳遞額外參數(shù)

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^(?P[0-9]+)/app/', include("app.urls"), {"question_id": 1}),  # 此處配置直接捕獲question_id 進(jìn)行處理
]

說(shuō)明: 此處配置的必須是正則表達(dá)式中匹配的值，此處會(huì)覆蓋正則表達(dá)式中匹配的值，此處的question_id，為1

五 view 高級(jí)部分

1 發(fā)送郵件

1 setting.py 中配置如下

需要在項(xiàng)目project.setting.py 中配置相關(guān)參數(shù)
本項(xiàng)目是在 demo/setting.py 中配置

# 郵件發(fā)送相關(guān)配置
EMAIL_HOST = "smtp.163.com"  # 服務(wù)地址
EMAIL_PORT = 25  # 發(fā)送使用的端口
EMAIL_HOST_USER = ""  # 發(fā)送郵件使用的賬號(hào)
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = ""  # 發(fā)送授權(quán)密碼
# EMAIL_USE_TLS=True  # 是否啟用TLS 
# EMAIL_USE_SSL=True  # 是否啟用SSL 

2 send_mail 格式含義如下

def send_mail(subject, message, from_email, recipient_list,
              fail_silently=False, auth_user=None, auth_password=None,
              connection=None, html_message=None):
            pass 

其中：
subject 表示郵件的標(biāo)題
message 表示郵件內(nèi)容
from_email 表示發(fā)件人
recipient_list 表示收件人列表

3 app/views.py 中代碼如下

from django.core.mail import send_mail

def sendemail(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        subject = request.POST.get('subject', '')
        message = request.POST.get('message', '')
        recipient_list = request.POST.get('recipient_list', '')
        print(recipient_list)
        if subject and message and recipient_list:
            try:
                send_mail(subject, message=message, from_email='18829272841@163.com',
                          recipient_list=['zhangbing@zhishoubao.com'])
            except  Exception as e:
                return HttpResponse("Invalid header found.")
            return HttpResponseRedirect('/app/index')
        else:
            return HttpResponse("Make  sure all  fields  are entered  and valid.")
    return render(request, 'app/sendemail.html')

4 app/urls.py 中修改如下

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from . import views

app_name = "app"
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^index/$', views.index, name="index"),
    url(r'^(?P[0-9]+)$', views.detal, name="detal"),
    url(r'^(?P[0-9]+)/result$', views.result, name="result"),
    url(r'^(?P[0-9]+)/vote$', views.result, name="vote"),
    url(r'^sendemail/$', views.sendemail, name="sendemail"),

5 templates/app/sendemail.html中修改如下

    
    



     主題 
    
    

     內(nèi)容 
    
    

     發(fā)件人列表
    
    

    

6 結(jié)果如下

7 跳轉(zhuǎn)到如下頁(yè)面

2 導(dǎo)出CSV 文件

1 app/views.py中配置如下

import csv
import datetime

def get_csv(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        response = HttpResponse(content_type="text/csv")
        response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment;filename={}.csv'.format(
            datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))
        writer = csv.writer(response)
        writer.writerow(["第一行", 1, 2, 3, 4])
        writer.writerow(["第二行", 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D'])
        return response
    return render(request, 'app/get_csv.html')

2 app/urls.py 中配置如下

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from . import views

app_name = "app"
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^index/$', views.index, name="index"),
    url(r'^(?P[0-9]+)$', views.detal, name="detal"),
    url(r'^(?P[0-9]+)/result$', views.result, name="result"),
    url(r'^(?P[0-9]+)/vote$', views.result, name="vote"),
    url(r'^sendemail/$', views.sendemail, name="sendemail"),
    url(r'^get_csv/$', views.get_csv, name="getcsv"),

]

3 templates/app/get_csv.html中配置如下

4 結(jié)果如下

3 上傳文件

1 app/views.py 中配置如下

def upload_file(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        print(request.FILES)
        upload_file = request.FILES.get('file', None)
        if upload_file is None:
            return HttpResponse("Not file get")
        else:
            with  open('/tmp/{}'.format(upload_file.name), 'wb')  as  f:
                f.write(upload_file.read())
            return HttpResponse("{} 文件上傳成功,大小為:{}".format(upload_file.name, upload_file.size))
    else:
        return render(request, 'app/upload_file.html')

2 app/urls.py 中配置如下

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from . import views

app_name = "app"
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^index/$', views.index, name="index"),
    url(r'^(?P[0-9]+)$', views.detal, name="detal"),
    url(r'^(?P[0-9]+)/result$', views.result, name="result"),
    url(r'^(?P[0-9]+)/vote$', views.result, name="vote"),
    url(r'^sendemail/$', views.sendemail, name="sendemail"),
    url(r'^get_csv/$', views.get_csv, name="getcsv"),
    url(r'^upload_file/$', views.upload_file, name="upload_file"),

]

3 templates/app/upload_file.html中配置如下

4 結(jié)果如下

5 說(shuō)明

-request.FILES

• enctype 默認(rèn)是 "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"，上傳文件時(shí)需要修改為"multipart/form-data"

4 下載文件

1 app.views.py 中配置如下

def download_file(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        f = open('/tmp/2020-01-03.csv', 'rb')
        response = HttpResponse(f, content_type="application/csv")
        response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment;filename={}.csv'.format(
            datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))
        f.close()
        return response
    else:
        return render(request, 'app/download_file.html')

2 app/urls.py中配置

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from . import views

app_name = "app"
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^index/$', views.index, name="index"),
    url(r'^(?P[0-9]+)$', views.detal, name="detal"),
    url(r'^(?P[0-9]+)/result$', views.result, name="result"),
    url(r'^(?P[0-9]+)/vote$', views.result, name="vote"),
    url(r'^sendemail/$', views.sendemail, name="sendemail"),
    url(r'^get_csv/$', views.get_csv, name="getcsv"),
    url(r'^upload_file/$', views.upload_file, name="upload_file"),
    url(r'^download_file/$', views.download_file, name="download_file"),

]

3 templates/app/download_file.html中配置如下

文章名稱：django進(jìn)階之viewlayer
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