利用Java怎么實現(xiàn)一個郵箱激活功能？針對這個問題，這篇文章詳細介紹了相對應(yīng)的分析和解答，希望可以幫助更多想解決這個問題的小伙伴找到更簡單易行的方法。
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實現(xiàn)思路
注冊時填寫郵箱，點擊注冊時網(wǎng)站系統(tǒng)郵箱發(fā)送激活驗證鏈接到此郵箱，用戶來激活賬戶
點擊注冊，系統(tǒng)郵箱會發(fā)送一封激活郵件到你填寫的郵箱賬號中
在沒有進行激活操作前，設(shè)定某個字段狀態(tài)是0，表示此賬號未激活，不可以使用或者某些功能受限
激活操作之后，將activated字段更新為1，這樣就完成了激活操作
那么這里還有一個codeUrl字段，他的作用是存入一個唯一標識的隨機碼，這個隨機碼由用戶名和UUID唯一標識的隨機數(shù)組成，這樣做的目的是防止用戶使用不存在的郵箱又修改鏈接中的參數(shù)來激活賬戶，將鏈接中的隨機碼和數(shù)據(jù)庫中的比對，來達到相對安全的激活。
下面是具體的代碼
首先是注冊的servlet，這里主要測試激活賬號的功能，注冊代碼有點low，不安全，將就看一下
重慶分公司
重慶分公司
package org.amuxia.emailtest.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.UUID;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.amuxia.emailtest.pojo.User;
import org.amuxia.emailtest.utils.EmailUtils;
import org.amuxia.emailtest.utils.MyJDBC;
/**
* @author amuxia
* 2017年7月24日
*/
@WebServlet("/RegistServlet")
public class RegistServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
String email = request.getParameter("email");
String codeUrl = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
User user = new User();
user.setUsername(username);
user.setPassword(password);
user.setEmail(email);
user.setActivated(false); //剛注冊默認是沒有激活狀態(tài)
String SQL = "insert into tb_user(username,password,email,activated,codeUrl) value (?,?,?,?,?) ";
MyJDBC.insert(SQL, false, username,password,email,0,codeUrl);//注冊信息插入數(shù)據(jù)庫
String querySQL = "select * from tb_user where email=?";
ResultSet rs = MyJDBC.query(querySQL, email);
try {
if(rs.next()){
user.setId(rs.getInt(1));
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 注冊成功后,發(fā)送帳戶激活鏈接
request.getSession().setAttribute("user", user);
EmailUtils.sendAccountActivateEmail(user);
request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/success.jsp").forward(request,response);
}
}激活賬號的Servlet，也就是更新操作
package org.amuxia.emailtest.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.amuxia.emailtest.pojo.User;
import org.amuxia.emailtest.utils.GenerateLinkUtils;
import org.amuxia.emailtest.utils.MyJDBC;
/**
* @author amuxia
* 2017年7月24日
*/
@WebServlet("/ActivateServlet")
public class ActivateServlet extends HttpServlet{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String idValue = request.getParameter("id");
System.out.println(idValue);
int id = -1;
try {
id = Integer.parseInt(idValue);
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
String SQL = "select * from tb_user where id=?";
ResultSet rs= MyJDBC.query(SQL, id);
User user = new User();
try {
if(rs.next()){
user.setId(rs.getInt(1));
user.setUsername(rs.getString(2));
user.setPassword(rs.getString(3));
user.setEmail(rs.getString(4));
user.setActivated(rs.getBoolean(5));
user.setCodeUrl(rs.getString(6));
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
//驗證無誤，狀態(tài)更改為1，即激活
if(GenerateLinkUtils.verifyCheckcode(user, request)){
String updSQL = "update tb_user set activated =1 where id=?";
MyJDBC.execute(updSQL, id);
user.setActivated(true);
request.getSession().setAttribute("user", user);
request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/pass.jsp").forward(request, response);
}
}
}發(fā)送Email的工具類
package org.amuxia.emailtest.utils;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.mail.Authenticator;
import javax.mail.Message.RecipientType;
import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import org.amuxia.emailtest.pojo.User;
/**
* @author amuxia
* 2017年7月24日
*/
public class EmailUtils {
private static final String FROM = "要發(fā)送郵件的郵箱，這個例子是163郵箱";
public static void sendAccountActivateEmail(User user) {
Session session = getSession();
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
try {
message.setSubject("這是一封激活賬號的郵件，復制鏈接到地址欄來激活他");
message.setSentDate(new Date());
message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(FROM));
message.setRecipient(RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(user.getEmail()));
message.setContent(""+GenerateLinkUtils.generateActivateLink(user)+"","text/html;charset=utf-8");
Transport.send(message);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static Session getSession() {
Properties props = new Properties();
props.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");
props.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.163.com");
props.setProperty("mail.smtp.port", "25");
props.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
Session session = Session.getInstance(props, new Authenticator() {
@Override
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
return new PasswordAuthentication(FROM, "上面郵箱的密碼");
}
});
return session;
}
} 這里需要注意一下，以上例子配置的是163郵箱，需要進行郵箱客戶端的授權(quán)，授權(quán)之后，網(wǎng)易郵箱會發(fā)來一份客戶端授權(quán)碼作為替代郵箱密碼，代碼里填寫的密碼其實是授權(quán)碼，配置好郵箱最好發(fā)一份郵件測試一下，有時程序出問題很可能是郵箱客戶端根本發(fā)不了郵件
加密賬戶激活鏈接生成的工具類
package org.amuxia.emailtest.utils;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import org.amuxia.emailtest.pojo.User;
/**
* @author amuxia
* 2017年7月24日
*/
public class GenerateLinkUtils {
private static final String CHECK_CODE = "checkCode";
public static String generateActivateLink(User user) {
return "http://localhost/EmailDemo/ActivateServlet?id="
+ user.getId() + "&" + CHECK_CODE + "=" + generateCheckcode(user);
}
/**
* 生成校驗碼，用戶名+UUID唯一標識符，為安全把他們加密發(fā)送
* @param user
* @return
*/
public static String generateCheckcode(User user) {
String userName = user.getUsername();
String randomCode = user.getCodeUrl();
return md5(userName + ":" + randomCode);
}
/**
* 接收回來的校驗碼和發(fā)送出去的是不是同一份
* @param user
* @param request
* @return
*/
public static boolean verifyCheckcode(User user,ServletRequest request) {
String checkCode = request.getParameter(CHECK_CODE);
System.out.println(generateCheckcode(user).equals(checkCode));
return true;
}
private static String md5(String string) {
MessageDigest md = null;
try {
md = MessageDigest.getInstance("md5");
md.update(string.getBytes());
byte[] md5Bytes = md.digest();
return bytes2Hex(md5Bytes);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("md5這里出錯了");
}
return null;
}
private static String bytes2Hex(byte[] byteArray)
{
StringBuffer strBuf = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < byteArray.length; i++)
{
if(byteArray[i] >= 0 && byteArray[i] < 16)
{
strBuf.append("0");
}
strBuf.append(Integer.toHexString(byteArray[i] & 0xFF));
}
return strBuf.toString();
}
}還有一個操作數(shù)據(jù)庫的封裝類，MyJDBC，前面博客有寫，代碼挺長，就不貼了，這是鏈接：
https://www.jb51.net/article/70107.htm
https://www.jb51.net/article/88647.htm
實體類User
package org.amuxia.emailtest.pojo;
public class User {
private int id;
private String username;
private String password;
private String email;
private boolean activated;//賬號狀態(tài)
private String codeUrl;//激活鏈接中的隨機碼
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public boolean isActivated() {
return activated;
}
public void setActivated(boolean activated) {
this.activated = activated;
}
public String getCodeUrl() {
return codeUrl;
}
public void setCodeUrl(String codeUrl) {
this.codeUrl = codeUrl;
}
public User() {
super();
}
}注冊的jsp
