上篇文章中已經(jīng)通過(guò)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的HelloWorld程序講解了Spring boot的基本原理和使用。本文主要講解如何通過(guò)spring boot來(lái)訪問(wèn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),本文會(huì)演示三種方式來(lái)訪問(wèn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),第一種是JdbcTemplate,第二種是JPA,第三種是Mybatis。之前已經(jīng)提到過(guò),本系列會(huì)以一個(gè)博客系統(tǒng)作為講解的基礎(chǔ),所以本文會(huì)講解文章的存儲(chǔ)和訪問(wèn)(但不包括文章的詳情),因?yàn)樽罱K的實(shí)現(xiàn)是通過(guò)MyBatis來(lái)完成的,所以,對(duì)于JdbcTemplate和JPA只做簡(jiǎn)單演示,MyBatis部分會(huì)完整實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)文章的增刪改查。
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一、準(zhǔn)備工作
在演示這幾種方式之前,需要先準(zhǔn)備一些東西。第一個(gè)就是數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),本系統(tǒng)是采用MySQL實(shí)現(xiàn)的,我們需要先創(chuàng)建一個(gè)tb_article的表:
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tb_article`; CREATE TABLE `tb_article` ( `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `title` varchar(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `summary` varchar(1024) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `status` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `type` int(11) NOT NULL, `user_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `create_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, `update_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, `public_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
后續(xù)的演示會(huì)對(duì)這個(gè)表進(jìn)行增刪改查,大家應(yīng)該會(huì)看到這個(gè)表里面并沒(méi)有文章的詳情,原因是文章的詳情比較長(zhǎng),如果放在這個(gè)表里面容易影響查詢文章列表的效率,所以文章的詳情會(huì)單獨(dú)存在另外的表里面。此外我們需要配置數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接池,這里我們使用druid連接池,另外配置文件使用yaml配置,即application.yml(你也可以使用application.properties配置文件,沒(méi)什么太大的區(qū)別,如果對(duì)ymal不熟悉,有興趣也可以查一下,比較簡(jiǎn)單)。連接池的配置如下:
spring: datasource: url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/blog?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useSSL=false driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver username: root password: 123456 type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
最后,我們還需要建立與數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)對(duì)應(yīng)的POJO類,代碼如下:
public class Article { private Long id; private String title; private String summary; private Date createTime; private Date publicTime; private Date updateTime; private Long userId; private Integer status; private Integer type; }
好了,需要準(zhǔn)備的工作就這些,現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的操作。
二、與JdbcTemplate集成
首先,我們先通過(guò)JdbcTemplate來(lái)訪問(wèn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),這里只演示數(shù)據(jù)的插入,上一篇文章中我們已經(jīng)提到過(guò),Spring boot提供了許多的starter來(lái)支撐不同的功能,要支持JdbcTemplate我們只需要引入下面的starter就可以了:
org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-jdbc
現(xiàn)在我們就可以通過(guò)JdbcTemplate來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的插入了:
public interface ArticleDao { Long insertArticle(Article article); } @Repository public class ArticleDaoJdbcTemplateImpl implements ArticleDao { @Autowired private NamedParameterJdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; @Override public Long insertArticle(Article article) { String sql = "insert into tb_article(title,summary,user_id,create_time,public_time,update_time,status) " + "values(:title,:summary,:userId,:createTime,:publicTime,:updateTime,:status)"; Mapparam = new HashMap<>(); param.put("title", article.getTitle()); param.put("summary", article.getSummary()); param.put("userId", article.getUserId()); param.put("status", article.getStatus()); param.put("createTime", article.getCreateTime()); param.put("publicTime", article.getPublicTime()); param.put("updateTime", article.getUpdateTime()); return (long) jdbcTemplate.update(sql, param); } }
我們通過(guò)JUnit來(lái)測(cè)試上面的代碼:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = Application.class) public class ArticleDaoTest { @Autowired private ArticleDao articleDao; @Test public void testInsert() { Article article = new Article(); article.setTitle("測(cè)試標(biāo)題"); article.setSummary("測(cè)試摘要"); article.setUserId(1L); article.setStatus(1); article.setCreateTime(new Date()); article.setUpdateTime(new Date()); article.setPublicTime(new Date()); articleDao.insertArticle(article); } }
要支持上面的測(cè)試程序,也需要引入一個(gè)starter:
org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-test test
從上面的代碼可以看出,其實(shí)除了引入jdbc的start之外,基本沒(méi)有配置,這都是spring boot的自動(dòng)幫我們完成了配置的過(guò)程。上面的代碼需要注意的Application類的位置,該類必須位于Dao類的父級(jí)的包中,比如這里Dao都位于com.pandy.blog.dao這個(gè)包下,現(xiàn)在我們把Application.java這個(gè)類從com.pandy.blog這個(gè)包移動(dòng)到com.pandy.blog.app這個(gè)包中,則會(huì)出現(xiàn)如下錯(cuò)誤:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.pandy.blog.dao.ArticleDao' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)} at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1493) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1104) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1066) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:585) ... 28 more
也就是說(shuō),找不到ArticleDao的實(shí)現(xiàn),這是什么原因呢?上一篇博文中我們已經(jīng)看到@SpringBootApplication這個(gè)注解繼承了@ComponentScan,其默認(rèn)情況下只會(huì)掃描Application類所在的包及子包。因此,對(duì)于上面的錯(cuò)誤,除了保持Application類在Dao的父包這種方式外,也可以指定掃描的包來(lái)解決:
@SpringBootApplication @ComponentScan({"com.pandy.blog"}) public class Application { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args); } }
三、與JPA集成
現(xiàn)在我們開(kāi)始講解如何通過(guò)JPA的方式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的操作。還是跟JdbcTemplate類似,首先,我們需要引入對(duì)應(yīng)的starter:
org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
然后我們需要對(duì)POJO類增加Entity的注解,并指定表名(如果不指定,默認(rèn)的表名為article),然后需要指定ID的及其生成策略,這些都是JPA的知識(shí),與Spring boot無(wú)關(guān),如果不熟悉的話可以看下JPA的知識(shí)點(diǎn):
@Entity(name = "tb_article") public class Article { @Id @GeneratedValue private Long id; private String title; private String summary; private Date createTime; private Date publicTime; private Date updateTime; private Long userId; private Integer status; }
最后,我們需要繼承JpaRepository這個(gè)類,這里我們實(shí)現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)查詢方法,第一個(gè)是符合JPA命名規(guī)范的查詢,JPA會(huì)自動(dòng)幫我們完成查詢語(yǔ)句的生成,另一種方式是我們自己實(shí)現(xiàn)JPQL(JPA支持的一種類SQL的查詢)。
public interface ArticleRepository extends JpaRepository{ public List findByUserId(Long userId); @Query("select art from com.pandy.blog.po.Article art where title=:title") public List queryByTitle(@Param("title") String title); }
好了,我們可以再測(cè)試一下上面的代碼:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = Application.class) public class ArticleRepositoryTest { @Autowired private ArticleRepository articleRepository; @Test public void testQuery(){ ListarticleList = articleRepository.queryByTitle("測(cè)試標(biāo)題"); assertTrue(articleList.size()>0); } }
注意,這里還是存在跟JdbcTemplate類似的問(wèn)題,需要將Application這個(gè)啟動(dòng)類未于Respository和Entity類的父級(jí)包中,否則會(huì)出現(xiàn)如下錯(cuò)誤:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.pandy.blog.dao.ArticleRepository' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)} at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1493) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1104) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1066) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:585) ... 28 more
當(dāng)然,同樣也可以通過(guò)注解@EnableJpaRepositories指定掃描的JPA的包,但是還是不行,還會(huì)出現(xiàn)如下錯(cuò)誤:
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Not a managed type: class com.pandy.blog.po.Article at org.hibernate.jpa.internal.metamodel.MetamodelImpl.managedType(MetamodelImpl.java:210) at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.JpaMetamodelEntityInformation.(JpaMetamodelEntityInformation.java:70) at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.JpaEntityInformationSupport.getEntityInformation(JpaEntityInformationSupport.java:68) at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.JpaRepositoryFactory.getEntityInformation(JpaRepositoryFactory.java:153) at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.JpaRepositoryFactory.getTargetRepository(JpaRepositoryFactory.java:100) at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.JpaRepositoryFactory.getTargetRepository(JpaRepositoryFactory.java:82) at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport.getRepository(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:199) at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactoryBeanSupport.initAndReturn(RepositoryFactoryBeanSupport.java:277) at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactoryBeanSupport.afterPropertiesSet(RepositoryFactoryBeanSupport.java:263) at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.JpaRepositoryFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(JpaRepositoryFactoryBean.java:101) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1687) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1624) ... 39 more
這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤說(shuō)明識(shí)別不了Entity,所以還需要通過(guò)注解@EntityScan來(lái)指定Entity的包,最終的配置如下:
@SpringBootApplication @ComponentScan({"com.pandy.blog"}) @EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages="com.pandy.blog") @EntityScan("com.pandy.blog") public class Application { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args); } }
四、與MyBatis集成
最后,我們?cè)倏纯慈绾瓮ㄟ^(guò)MyBatis來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的訪問(wèn)。同樣我們還是要引入starter:
org.mybatis.spring.boot mybatis-spring-boot-starter 1.1.1
由于該starter不是spring boot官方提供的,所以版本號(hào)于Spring boot不一致,需要手動(dòng)指定。
MyBatis一般可以通過(guò)XML或者注解的方式來(lái)指定操作數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的SQL,個(gè)人比較偏向于XML,所以,本文中也只演示了通過(guò)XML的方式來(lái)訪問(wèn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。首先,我們需要配置mapper的目錄。我們?cè)赼pplication.yml中進(jìn)行配置:
mybatis: config-locations: mybatis/mybatis-config.xml mapper-locations: mybatis/mapper/*.xml type-aliases-package: com.pandy.blog.po
這里配置主要包括三個(gè)部分,一個(gè)是mybatis自身的一些配置,例如基本類型的別名。第二個(gè)是指定mapper文件的位置,第三個(gè)POJO類的別名。這個(gè)配置也可以通過(guò) Java configuration來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn),由于篇幅的問(wèn)題,我這里就不詳述了,有興趣的朋友可以自己實(shí)現(xiàn)一下。
配置完后,我們先編寫(xiě)mapper對(duì)應(yīng)的接口:
public interface ArticleMapper { public Long insertArticle(Article article); public void updateArticle(Article article); public Article queryById(Long id); public ListqueryArticlesByPage(@Param("article") Article article, @Param("pageSize") int pageSize, @Param("offset") int offset); }
該接口暫時(shí)只定義了四個(gè)方法,即添加、更新,以及根據(jù)ID查詢和分頁(yè)查詢。這是一個(gè)接口,并且和JPA類似,可以不用實(shí)現(xiàn)類。接下來(lái)我們編寫(xiě)XML文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>title,summary,user_id,status,create_time,update_time,public_time INSERT INTO tb_article( ) VALUE (#{title},#{summary},#{userId},#{status},#{createTime},#{updateTime},#{publicTime}) UPDATE tb_article WHERE id = #{id} title = #{title}, summary = #{summary}, status = #{status}, public_time = #{publicTime}, update_time = #{updateTime},
最后,我們需要手動(dòng)指定mapper掃描的包:
@SpringBootApplication @MapperScan("com.pandy.blog.dao") public class Application { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args); } }
好了,與MyBatis的集成也完成了,我們?cè)贉y(cè)試一下:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = Application.class) public class ArticleMapperTest { @Autowired private ArticleMapper mapper; @Test public void testInsert() { Article article = new Article(); article.setTitle("測(cè)試標(biāo)題2"); article.setSummary("測(cè)試摘要2"); article.setUserId(1L); article.setStatus(1); article.setCreateTime(new Date()); article.setUpdateTime(new Date()); article.setPublicTime(new Date()); mapper.insertArticle(article); } @Test public void testMybatisQuery() { Article article = mapper.queryById(1L); assertNotNull(article); } @Test public void testUpdate() { Article article = mapper.queryById(1L); article.setPublicTime(new Date()); article.setUpdateTime(new Date()); article.setStatus(2); mapper.updateArticle(article); } @Test public void testQueryByPage(){ Article article = new Article(); article.setUserId(1L); Listlist = mapper.queryArticlesByPage(article,10,0); assertTrue(list.size()>0); } }
五、總結(jié)
本文演示Spring boot與JdbcTemplate、JPA以及MyBatis的集成,整體上來(lái)說(shuō)配置都比較簡(jiǎn)單,以前做過(guò)相關(guān)配置的同學(xué)應(yīng)該感覺(jué)比較明顯,Spring boot確實(shí)在這方面給我們提供了很大的幫助。后續(xù)的文章中我們只會(huì)使用MyBatis這一種方式來(lái)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的操作,這里還有一點(diǎn)需要說(shuō)明一下的是,MyBatis的分頁(yè)查詢?cè)谶@里是手寫(xiě)的,這個(gè)分頁(yè)在正式開(kāi)發(fā)中可以通過(guò)插件來(lái)完成,不過(guò)這個(gè)與Spring boot沒(méi)什么關(guān)系,所以本文暫時(shí)通過(guò)這種手動(dòng)的方式來(lái)進(jìn)行分頁(yè)的處理。
以上就是本文的全部?jī)?nèi)容,希望對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)。