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MonkeyDevcieAPI實(shí)踐全記錄

1.    背景

使用SDK自帶的NotePad應(yīng)用作為實(shí)踐目標(biāo)應(yīng)用，目的是對(duì)MonkeyDevice擁有的成員方法做一個(gè)初步的了解。

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以下是官方列出的方法的Overview。

Return Type

Methods

Comment

void

broadcastIntent (string uri, string action, string data, string mimetype, 

iterable categories dictionary extras, component component, iterable flags)

Broadcasts an Intent to this device, as if the Intent were coming from an application.

 

void

drag (tuple start, tuple end, float duration, integer steps)

Simulates a drag gesture (touch, hold, and move) on this device's screen.

 

object

getProperty (string key)

Given the name of a system environment variable, returns its value for this device.

The available variable names are listed in the detailed description of this method.

 

object

getSystemProperty (string key)

. The API equivalent of adb shell getprop . This is provided for

use by platform developers.

 

void

installPackage (string path)

Installs the Android application or test package contained in packageFile onto this device.

If the application or test package is already installed, it is replaced.

Obsolete,返回值是Boolean

dictionary

instrument (string className, dictionary args)

Runs the specified component under Android instrumentation, and returns the results

 in a dictionary whose exact format is dictated by the component being run.

 The component must already be present on this device.

 

void

press (string name, dictionary type)

Sends the key event specified by type to the key specified by keycode.

 

void

reboot (string into)

Reboots this device into the bootloader specified by bootloadType.

 

void

removePackage (string package)

Deletes the specified package from this device, including its data and cache.

 Obsolete,返回值是Boolean

object

shell (string cmd)

Executes an adb shell command and returns the result, if any.

 

void

startActivity (string uri, string action, string data, string mimetype, iterable categories 

dictionary extras, component component, flags)

Starts an Activity on this device by sending an Intent constructed from the supplied arguments.

 

MonkeyImage

takeSnapshot()

Captures the entire screen buffer of this device, yielding a MonkeyImage object containing

a screen capture of the current display.

 

void

touch (integer x, integer y, integer type)

Sends a touch event specified by type to the screen location specified by x and y.

 

void

type (string message)

Sends the characters contained in message to this device, as if they had been typed on

the device's keyboard. This is equivalent to callingpress() for each keycode in message 

using the key event type DOWN_AND_UP.

 

void

wake ()

Wakes the screen of this device.

 


其實(shí)官方這個(gè)表是沒有及時(shí)更新的，我現(xiàn)在手頭上用到的MonkeyRunner是當(dāng)前最新的，里面就擁有好幾個(gè)官網(wǎng)沒有列出來(lái)的API，我懷疑是不是自從UIAutomator在03年出來(lái)后，google就不打算再繼續(xù)維護(hù)MonkeyRunner了？如果有朋友知道事實(shí)的話，還麻煩告知。

以下是我整理出來(lái)的源碼多出來(lái)的可用公共API列表

Return Type

Methods

Comment

HierarchyViewer

getHierarchyViewer(PyObject args[], String kws[])

獲取一個(gè)HierarchyViewer對(duì)象

 請(qǐng)查看《MonkenRunner通過(guò)HierarchyViewer定位控件的方法和建議》

PyList

getPropertyList(PyObject args[], String kws[])

 取得所有的property屬性鍵值

PyList

getViewIdList(PyObject args[], String kws[])

 Failed

MonkeyView

getViewById(PyObject args[], String kws[])

 Failed

MonkeyView

getViewByAccessibilityIds(PyObject args[], String kws[])

 Failed

MonkeyView

getRootView(PyObject args[], String kws[])

 Failed

PyList

getViewsByText(PyObject args[], String kws[])

 Failed

但可惜的是在本人嘗試以上多出來(lái)的API的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)除了最上面兩個(gè)可用之外，其他的都不可用并拋出錯(cuò)誤。且網(wǎng)上資料少的可憐，別人碰到同樣的問(wèn)題也找不到解決辦法。所以本人懷疑這些“隱藏”API是不是并沒有完善，或者說(shuō)google不準(zhǔn)備完善，所以才沒有列出到官網(wǎng)上面去。本人用的SDK tools和Platform tools已經(jīng)是當(dāng)前最新的23.0.2和20.

一個(gè)臺(tái)灣網(wǎng)友碰到的問(wèn)題描述：http://imsardine.simplbug.com/note/monkeyrunner/api/hierarchy-viewer.html


2.    Void broadcastIntent 

(string uri, string action,string data, string mimetype, iterable categories dictionary extras, componentcomponent, iterable flags)

2.1 分析

本人理解的此方法的本意是想廣播一個(gè)Intent給我們的AndroidDevice，目標(biāo)應(yīng)用接收到該Intent做相應(yīng)的處理，比如打開一個(gè)Activity等。但在我的多次嘗試下并沒有成功！

targetDevice.broadcastIntent(action='android.intent.action.INSERT',                            mimetype='vnd.android.cursor.dir/contact',                            extras = {'name':'user1501488', 'phone':'123-15489'}

如果使用同樣的參數(shù)，使用下面的startActivity是沒有問(wèn)題的。

targetDevice.startActivity(action='android.intent.action.INSERT',                            mimetype='vnd.android.cursor.dir/contact',                            extras = {'name':'user1501488', 'phone':'123-15489'})

google了半天網(wǎng)上根本找不到這個(gè)方法的使用例子，倒是stackOverFlow上有人建議用Shell來(lái)達(dá)到同樣的效果。

targetDevice.shell("am start -a android.intent.action.INSERT -t vnd.android.cursor.dir/contact -e name 'Donald Duck' -e phone 555-1234").

所以可見這個(gè)方法并沒有多少人在用，原因應(yīng)該是它完全可以用上面介紹的兩個(gè)方法替代。


3. void startActivity 

(string uri, string action, string data, string mimetype, iterable categories dictionary extras, component component, flags)

3.1 示例

使用Action和mimetype來(lái)啟動(dòng)一個(gè)Activity：
targetDevice.startActivity(action='android.intent.action.VIEW',                           mimetype='vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.google.note')

使用component來(lái)啟動(dòng)一個(gè)Activity：
targetDevice.startActivity(component="com.example.android.notepad/com.example.android.notepad.NotesList")

使用action，mimetype和指定extras參數(shù)來(lái)啟動(dòng)一個(gè)Activity：
targetDevice.startActivity(action='android.intent.action.INSERT',                            mimetype='vnd.android.cursor.dir/contact',                            extras = {'name':'user1501488', 'phone':'123-15489'})

3.2 分析

這個(gè)方法存在和以上的broadcastInt方法一樣擁有同樣的一大串參數(shù)，實(shí)例中只給出了本人已經(jīng)跑通的例子，其他參數(shù)怎么用還有待深入研究，不過(guò)我相信對(duì)于我自己來(lái)說(shuō)暫時(shí)這樣子已經(jīng)足夠了。
另外需要注意的是參數(shù)中如果我們的填寫不是按順序從第一個(gè)參數(shù)開始的話，記得要在每個(gè)參數(shù)值前面指定你要傳入的是哪個(gè)參數(shù)，不然默認(rèn)就會(huì)從第一個(gè)參數(shù)開始算，這是python的基本語(yǔ)法了，這里就不展開了。

4.  void drag (tuple start, tuple end, floatduration, integer steps)

這個(gè)方法的目的是按住一個(gè)控件然后把她拖動(dòng)到其他位置

4.1 實(shí)例

viewer = targetDevice.getHierarchyViewer() note = viewer.findViewById('id/text1') point = viewer.getAbsoluteCenterOfView(note) startX = point.x startY = point.y  targetDevice.drag((startX,startY),(startX,startY),1)  targetDevice.press('KEYCODE_BACK', MonkeyDevice.DOWN_AND_UP)

4.2 分析和建議

以上示例是通過(guò)drag的方法來(lái)模擬LongPress，只要把參數(shù)中的起始坐標(biāo)和目標(biāo)坐標(biāo)都設(shè)置成同樣一個(gè)值，然后時(shí)常設(shè)置成一個(gè)有效的值就好了。


5 Object getProperty (string key)

 通過(guò)環(huán)境變量的key來(lái)獲得其對(duì)應(yīng)的值。以下是官方提供的可用化境變量列表

Property Group

Property

Description

Notes

build

board

Code name for the device's system board

See Build

brand

The carrier or provider for which the OS is customized.

 

device

The device design name.

 

fingerprint

A unique identifier for the currently-running build.

 

host

 

 

ID

A changelist number or label.

 

model

The end-user-visible name for the device.

 

product

The overall product name.

 

tags

Comma-separated tags that describe the build, such as "unsigned" and "debug".

 

type

The build type, such as "user" or "eng".

 

user

 

 

CPU_ABI

The name of the native code instruction set, in the form CPU type plus ABI convention.

 

manufacturer

The product/hardware manufacturer.

 

version.incremental

The internal code used by the source control system to represent this version of the software.

 

version.release

The user-visible name of this version of the software.

 

version.sdk

The user-visible SDK version associated with this version of the OS.

 

version.codename

The current development codename, or "REL" if this version of the software has been released.

 

display

width

The device's display width in pixels.

SeeDisplayMetricsfor details.

height

The device's display height in pixels.

 

density

The logical density of the display. This is a factor that scales DIP (Density-Independent Pixel) units to the device's resolution. DIP is adjusted so that 1 DIP is equivalent to one pixel on a 160 pixel-per-inch display. For example, on a 160-dpi screen, density = 1.0, while on a 120-dpi screen, density = .75.

The value does not exactly follow the real screen size, but is adjusted to conform to large changes in the display DPI. See density for more details.

 

am.current

package

The Android package name of the currently running package.

The am.currentkeys return information about the currently-running Activity.

action

The current activity's action. This has the same format as the name attribute of the action element in a package manifest.

 

comp.class

The class name of the component that started the current Activity. See comp.package for more details.

 

comp.package

The package name of the component that started the current Activity. A component is specified by a package name and the name of class that the package contains.

 

data

The data (if any) contained in the Intent that started the current Activity.

 

categories

The categories specified by the Intent that started the current Activity.

 

clock

realtime

The number of milliseconds since the device rebooted, including deep-sleep time.

SeeSystemClock for more information.


5.1示例

displayWidth =targetDevice.getProperty ('display.width') printdisplayWidth.encode('utf-8')   displayHight =targetDevice.getProperty('display.width') printdisplayHight.encode('utf-8')

5.2  分析和建議

以上示例的目的是獲得目標(biāo)設(shè)備的長(zhǎng)和高，當(dāng)我們使用坐標(biāo)點(diǎn)來(lái)操作控件的時(shí)候，調(diào)試的時(shí)候在一臺(tái)機(jī)器上通過(guò)了，但是如果換了另外一個(gè)屏幕大小不一樣的機(jī)器的話就會(huì)失敗，因?yàn)榭丶淖鴺?biāo)點(diǎn)位置可能就變了。這個(gè)時(shí)候我們就需要用到示例中的連個(gè)屬性來(lái)動(dòng)態(tài)計(jì)算控件在不同屏幕大小的設(shè)備上面的坐標(biāo)點(diǎn)了。

這里需要注意參數(shù)應(yīng)該填寫的格式是以上列表中前兩列的組合PropertyGroup.Property


6． Object getSystemProperty (string key)

6.1 示例

displayWidth = targetDevice.getSystemProperty ('service.adb.tcp.port') print displayWidth.encode('utf-8')

6.2 分析和建議

根據(jù)官網(wǎng)的描述，這個(gè)函數(shù)和getProperty函數(shù)應(yīng)該有同樣的功能（Synonym for getProperty().），使用的屬性表也如上面的屬性列表一樣。但是按照我的實(shí)踐并非如此，不過(guò)它確實(shí)如官方描述的等同于命令“adb shell getprop .”倒是真的。

以上的例子是獲取adb這個(gè)服務(wù)所打開的TCP端口，等同于如下的shell命令：“adb shell getprop service.adb.tcp.port“

如果我嘗試使用下面的方法去獲得設(shè)備的長(zhǎng)度，返回的結(jié)果其實(shí)會(huì)是None

displayWidth = targetDevice.getSystemProperty ('display.width') print displayWidth.encode('utf-8')

7 Boolean installPackage (string path)

7.1示例

if True == targetDevice.installPackage('D:\\Projects\\Workspace\\PythonMonkeyRunnerDemo\\apps\\MPortal.apk'):    print "Installationfinished successfully" else:     print "Failedto install the apk"

7.2 分析和建議

這里有兩點(diǎn)需要注意的：

  • 官方網(wǎng)站描述的這個(gè)API是沒有返回值的（見背景中的表），而最新版本的API里面是Boolean值。
  • 參數(shù)輸入的應(yīng)該是PC端這邊的Local路徑而非目標(biāo)系統(tǒng)的Local路徑。

注意這里碰到一個(gè)路徑問(wèn)題，如果我的路徑寫成：

'D:\Projects\Workspace\PythonMonkeyRunnerDemo\apps\MPortal.apk'

那么會(huì)出現(xiàn)下圖這樣的錯(cuò)誤：


14 object shell（string cmd）

14.1 示例

res = targetDevice.shell('ls /data/local/tmp|grep note') print res

14.2 分析

這個(gè)命令等同于你直接在命令行上“adb shell $command”


15 void reboot(string into)

其他參數(shù)沒有用到所以也就沒有嘗試，僅僅嘗試了不帶參數(shù)的情況，結(jié)果就是直接reboot目標(biāo)設(shè)備了

targetDevice.reboot()
這里有點(diǎn)需要提下的是，如果你是在MonkeyRunner命令行下執(zhí)行這條命令的話，就算目標(biāo)機(jī)器重啟，整個(gè)MonkeyRunner的環(huán)境還是依然有效的。也就是說(shuō)你如果繼續(xù)打進(jìn)一條"targetDevice.reboot()"，你的設(shè)備就會(huì)再重啟一次。


 

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