本篇文章給大家分享的是有關(guān)Oracle11g RAC維護(hù)及管理的常用操作都有哪些，小編覺(jué)得挺實(shí)用的，因此分享給大家學(xué)習(xí)，希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后可以有所收獲，話不多說(shuō)，跟著小編一起來(lái)看看吧。
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1. 查看各資源狀態(tài)(nodeapps節(jié)點(diǎn)應(yīng)用程序，ASM實(shí)例，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)實(shí)例等)：
[root@rac01 u01]# su - grid
[grid@rac01 ~]$ crs_stat -t (命令兼容10g)
Name Type Target State Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora....N1.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora....VOTE.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora.ORADATA.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora....LASH.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora.asm ora.asm.type ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora.eons ora.eons.type ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora.gsd ora.gsd.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora....network ora....rk.type ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora.oc4j ora.oc4j.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.ons ora.ons.type ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora....SM1.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora....01.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora.rac01.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac01.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora.rac01.vip ora....t1.type ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora....SM2.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac02
ora....02.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac02
ora.rac02.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac02.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac02
ora.rac02.vip ora....t1.type ONLINE ONLINE rac02
ora.racdb.db ora....se.type ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora....ry.acfs ora....fs.type ONLINE ONLINE rac01
ora.scan1.vip ora....ip.type ONLINE ONLINE rac01
在11g R2中，默認(rèn) oc4j和gsd資源是 disable 的；oc4j 是用于WLM 的一個(gè)
資源, WLM在 11.2.0.2 才可用；gsd 是 CRS 用于跟 9i RAC 進(jìn)行通信的一
個(gè)模塊,是為了向后兼容才保留的，不影響性能；建議不要?jiǎng)h除, 也不要嘗試開(kāi)
啟他們, 忽略即可。
11g RAC 常用的是下面的命令：crsctl stat resource -t .
[root@rac01 u01]# su - grid
[grid@rac01 ~]$ crsctl stat resource -t
如果后面不帶 -t , 那么可以看到相對(duì)詳細(xì)的資源信息 。
[grid@rac01 ~]$ crsctl stat resource
2. 常用開(kāi)關(guān)機(jī)命令
注意, 11g RAC 開(kāi)啟資源相對(duì)比較慢(即使命令后面顯示的資源都start succeeded,
通過(guò)crs_stat -t查看都不一定online), 請(qǐng)注意命令操作后觀察crs log變化,以免出
現(xiàn)還沒(méi)有開(kāi)啟就懷疑啟動(dòng)有異常而采取重復(fù)動(dòng)作 。
以下命令供參考：
---------------------------------------------------
在本地服務(wù)器上停止Oracle Clusterware 系統(tǒng)：
[root@rac01 ~]# /u01/grid/11.2.0/bin/crsctl stop cluster
注：在運(yùn)行“crsctl stop cluster”命令之后，如果 Oracle Clusterware 管理的
資源中有任何一個(gè)還在運(yùn)行，則整個(gè)命令失敗。使用 -f 選項(xiàng)無(wú)條件地停止所有資源
并停止 Oracle Clusterware 系統(tǒng)。
[root@rac02 ~]# /u01/grid/11.2.0/bin/crsctl stop cluster -all
停止所有節(jié)點(diǎn)上的clusterware系統(tǒng)。
在本地服務(wù)器上啟動(dòng)oralce clusterware系統(tǒng)：
[root@rac01 ~]# /u01/grid/11.2.0/bin/crsctl start cluster
注：可通過(guò)指定 -all 選項(xiàng)在集群中所有服務(wù)器上啟動(dòng) Oracle Clusterware 系統(tǒng)。
[root@rac02 ~]# /u01/grid/11.2.0/bin/crsctl start cluster –all
還可以通過(guò)列出服務(wù)器（各服務(wù)器之間以空格分隔）在集群中一個(gè)或多個(gè)指定的服務(wù)器上啟動(dòng) Oracle Clusterware 系
統(tǒng)：
[root@rac01 ~]# /u01/grid/11.2.0/bin/crsctl start cluster -n rac01 rac02
使用 SRVCTL 啟動(dòng)/停止所有實(shí)例:
[oracle@rac01 ~]# srvctl stop database -d racdb
[oracle@rac01 ~]# srvctl start database -d racdb
參考順序
關(guān)機(jī)順序： 先關(guān)閉Oracle實(shí)例(或數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù))，然后關(guān)閉ASM實(shí)例，最后關(guān)閉節(jié)點(diǎn)應(yīng)用
程序(虛擬 IP、GSD、TNS 監(jiān)聽(tīng)器和 ONS) .
手工開(kāi)機(jī)順序： 先啟動(dòng)節(jié)點(diǎn)應(yīng)用程序(虛擬 IP、GSD、TNS 監(jiān)聽(tīng)器和 ONS)。當(dāng)成功
啟動(dòng)節(jié)點(diǎn)應(yīng)用程序后，啟動(dòng) ASM 實(shí)例。最后，啟動(dòng) Oracle 實(shí)例（相關(guān)服務(wù)）以及
企業(yè)管理器數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)控制臺(tái)。
例子：
關(guān)閉：
在節(jié)點(diǎn)1上關(guān)閉所有節(jié)點(diǎn)的clusterware(如果有資源不能被關(guān)閉，使用-f).
[root@rac01 bin]# /u01/grid/11.2.0/bin/crsctl stop cluster -all
節(jié)點(diǎn)1,2上都關(guān)閉后我們查看
[grid@rac02 rac02]$ crsctl stat resource -t
CRS-4535: Cannot communicate with Cluster Ready Services
CRS-4000: Command Status failed, or completed with errors.
開(kāi)啟：
[root@rac01 bin]# /u01/grid/11.2.0/bin/crsctl start cluster -all
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，開(kāi)啟上面一個(gè)命令就夠用了，但是如果發(fā)現(xiàn)有異常，比如db等很長(zhǎng)
時(shí)間都沒(méi)有onine, 我們也可以手工開(kāi)啟數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(任何一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)執(zhí)行)：
[root@rac02 ~]# /u01/grid/11.2.0/bin/srvctl start database -d racdb
備注：
如果有需要也可以一個(gè)一個(gè)實(shí)例開(kāi)啟。
[root@rac02 ~]# /u01/grid/11.2.0/bin/srvctl start instance -d racdb -i racdb1
[root@rac02 ~]# /u01/grid/11.2.0/bin/srvctl start instance -d racdb -i racdb2
3. 常用建立表空間及加入數(shù)據(jù)文件
參考 ： http://space.itpub.net/?uid-7607759-action-viewspace-itemid-670722
[root@rac01 bin]# su - oracle
[oracle@rac01 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> create tablespace test datafile '+oradata/racdb/datafile/test01.dbf' size 50m ;
Tablespace created.
[root@rac02 ~]# su - grid
[grid@rac02 ~]$ asmcmd
ASMCMD>
ASMCMD> pwd
+oradata/racdb/datafile
ASMCMD>
ASMCMD> ls
SYSAUX.261.739387301
SYSTEM.260.739387283
TEST.340.740166807
UNDOTBS1.262.739387315
UNDOTBS2.264.739387351
USERS.265.739387361
test01.dbf
SQL> alter tablespace test add datafile '+oradata/racdb/datafile/test02.dbf' size 50m ;
Tablespace altered.
SQL>
ASMCMD> ls
SYSAUX.261.739387301
SYSTEM.260.739387283
TEST.340.740166807
TEST.341.740166937
UNDOTBS1.262.739387315
UNDOTBS2.264.739387351
USERS.265.739387361
test01.dbf
test02.dbf
ASMCMD>
ASMCMD> ls -al
Type Redund Striped Time Sys Name
DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE JAN 11 17:00:00 Y none => SYSAUX.261.739387301
DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE JAN 11 17:00:00 Y none => SYSTEM.260.739387283
DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE JAN 11 17:00:00 Y +ORADATA/RACDB/DATAFILE/test01.dbf =>
TEST.340.740166807
DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE JAN 11 17:00:00 Y +ORADATA/RACDB/DATAFILE/test02.dbf =>
TEST.341.740166937
DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE JAN 11 17:00:00 Y none => UNDOTBS1.262.739387315
DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE JAN 11 17:00:00 Y none => UNDOTBS2.264.739387351
DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE JAN 11 17:00:00 Y none => USERS.265.739387361
N test01.dbf =>
+ORADATA/RACDB/DATAFILE/TEST.340.740166807
N test02.dbf =>
+ORADATA/RACDB/DATAFILE/TEST.341.740166937
ASMCMD>
4. 查看ASM實(shí)例及用戶數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)實(shí)例(注意分別是grid及oracle用戶)：
查看ASM實(shí)例(以grid用戶登入,通過(guò)查看初始參數(shù)可以看到instance_name=+ASM1)：
[grid@rac01 ~]$ id
uid=501(grid) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),504(asmadmin),506(asmdba),507(asmoper)
[grid@rac01 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Jan 4 00:58:52 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options
SQL> show parameter
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
asm_diskgroups string ORADATA, ORAFLASH
asm_diskstring string
asm_power_limit integer 1
asm_preferred_read_failure_groups string
audit_file_dest string /u01/grid/11.2.0/rdbms/audit
.....
查看用戶數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)實(shí)例(以oracle用戶登入，查看instance_name=racdb2，顯然是用戶實(shí)例)：
[root@rac02 u01]# su - oracle
[oracle@rac02 ~]$
[oracle@rac02 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Jan 4 01:01:04 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> show parameter
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
O7_DICTIONARY_ACCESSIBILITY boolean FALSE
active_instance_count integer
aq_tm_processes integer 0
archive_lag_target integer 0
asm_diskgroups string
asm_diskstring string
asm_power_limit integer 1
.......
5. 查看11g 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)實(shí)例的alert log及trace ：
[oracle@rac01 trace]$ pwd
/u01/product/oracle/diag/rdbms/racdb/racdb1/trace
[oracle@rac01 trace]$
[oracle@rac01 trace]$ vi alert_racdb1.log
6. 查看11g RAC Clusterware的log ：
[root@rac01 sbin]# su - grid
[grid@rac01 ~]$
[grid@rac01 rac01]$ pwd
/u01/grid/11.2.0/log/rac01
[grid@rac01 trace]$ pwd
/u01/grid/11.2.0/log/diag/tnslsnr/rac01/listener_scan1/trace
[grid@rac01 trace]$ ls
listener_scan1.log
[grid@rac01 rac01]$ pwd
/u01/grid/11.2.0/log/rac01
[grid@rac01 rac01]$ ls
admin/ alertrac01.log crsd/ ctssd/ evmd/ gnsd/ mDNSd/ racg/
agent/ client/ cssd/ diskmon/ gipcd/ gpnpd/ ohasd/ srvm/
7. 常用集群命令
[grid@rac02 ~]$ crs_stat -t
檢查Oracle Clusterware 是否在線
[grid@rac02 ~]$ crsctl check crs
CRS-4638: Oracle High Availability Services is online
CRS-4537: Cluster Ready Services is online
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
CRS-4533: Event Manager is online
檢查cssd (Cluster Synchronization Services) 是否在線
[grid@rac02 ~]$ crsctl check cssd
CRS-272: This command remains for backward compatibility only
Cluster Synchronization Services is online
檢查crsd (Cluster Ready Services) 是否在線
[grid@rac02 ~]$ crsctl check crsd
CRS-272: This command remains for backward compatibility only
Cluster Ready Services is online
檢查evmd (Event Mananger)是否在線
[grid@rac02 ~]$ crsctl check evmd
CRS-272: This command remains for backward compatibility only
Event Manager is online
在節(jié)點(diǎn)間檢查CSS的存活
[grid@rac02 ~]$ crsctl check cluster -n rac01
**************************************************************
rac01:
CRS-4537: Cluster Ready Services is online
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
CRS-4533: Event Manager is online
**************************************************************
[grid@rac02 ~]$ crsctl check cluster -n rac02
**************************************************************
rac02:
CRS-4537: Cluster Ready Services is online
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
CRS-4533: Event Manager is online
**************************************************************
開(kāi)啟數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
[grid@rac02 ~]$ srvctl start database -d racdb
開(kāi)啟oc4j :
[grid@rac02 ~]$ ./srvctl enable oc4j
[grid@rac02 ~]$ ./srvctl start oc4j
[grid@rac02 ~]$ ./crs_stat -t
8. vote disk 管理
[grid@rac01 ~]$ ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 3
Total space (kbytes) : 262120
Used space (kbytes) : 2720
Available space (kbytes) : 259400
ID : 132900461
Device/File Name : +OCR_VOTE
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
Logical corruption check bypassed due to non-privileged user
在Oracle11g R2中，不必備份voting disk, 當(dāng)任何配置發(fā)生改變，voting disk
數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)自動(dòng)備份在OCR中，并自動(dòng)恢復(fù)到任何加入的voting disk中。 從下面可以看
到OCR和VotingDisk是一個(gè)文件。
[grid@rac01 ~]$ crsctl query css votedisk
## STATE File Universal Id File Name Disk group
-- ----- ----------------- --------- ---------
1. ONLINE 095112005ec24f57bf98f6148818cc53 (ORCL:OCR_VOTE01) [OCR_VOTE]
Located 1 voting disk(s).
[grid@rac01 ~]$
[grid@rac01 ~]$ asmcmd
ASMCMD> ls
OCR_VOTE/
ORADATA/
ORAFLASH/
ASMCMD> cd ocr_vote
ASMCMD> cd rac
ASMCMD> ls
ASMPARAMETERFILE/
OCRFILE/
ASMCMD> cd ocrfile
ASMCMD> ls
REGISTRY.255.739337635
OCR 管理
[grid@rac01 ~]$ crsctl query crs activeversion
Oracle Clusterware active version on the cluster is [11.2.0.1.0]
[grid@rac01 ~]$ ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 3
Total space (kbytes) : 262120
Used space (kbytes) : 2720
Available space (kbytes) : 259400
ID : 132900461
Device/File Name : +OCR_VOTE
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
Logical corruption check bypassed due to non-privileged user
使用下面命令(root登陸)使用 destination_file 或者 +ASM_disk_group取代現(xiàn)在的OCR Location:
# ocrconfig -replace current_OCR_location -replacement new_OCR_location
如果只有一個(gè)OCR Location, 那么使用下面的命令：
# ocrconfig -add +new_storage_disk_group
# ocrconfig -delete +current_disk_group
運(yùn)行下面的命令顯示備份：
[grid@rac01 ~]$ ocrconfig -showbackup
rac01 2011/01/08 17:54:51 /u01/grid/11.2.0/cdata/rac/backup00.ocr
rac01 2011/01/08 13:54:49 /u01/grid/11.2.0/cdata/rac/backup01.ocr
rac02 2011/01/08 06:34:46 /u01/grid/11.2.0/cdata/rac/backup02.ocr
rac01 2011/01/07 02:15:37 /u01/grid/11.2.0/cdata/rac/day.ocr
rac01 2011/01/02 07:51:43 /u01/grid/11.2.0/cdata/rac/week.ocr
PROT-25: Manual backups for the Oracle Cluster Registry are not available
當(dāng)Oracle Clusterware起來(lái)的時(shí)候，在一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)上運(yùn)行ocrconfig -manualbackup命令
[grid@rac01 ~]$ ocrconfig -manualbackup
在 /u01/grid/11.2.0/cdata/rac/day.ocr下生成備份文件 backup_20100112_141900.ocr
然后使用 $ ocrconfig -showbackup 可以查看到備份信息。
運(yùn)行下面的命令檢驗(yàn)備份文件內(nèi)容及完整性。
$ ocrdump -backupfile backup_file_name
以上就是Oracle11g RAC維護(hù)及管理的常用操作都有哪些，小編相信有部分知識(shí)點(diǎn)可能是我們?nèi)粘９ぷ鲿?huì)見(jiàn)到或用到的。希望你能通過(guò)這篇文章學(xué)到更多知識(shí)。更多詳情敬請(qǐng)關(guān)注創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)行業(yè)資訊頻道。
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