這篇文章給大家介紹怎么在MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中實(shí)現(xiàn)MMM高可用群集架構(gòu),內(nèi)容非常詳細(xì),感興趣的小伙伴們可以參考借鑒,希望對(duì)大家能有所幫助。
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MMM高可用架構(gòu)說明
mmm_mond:監(jiān)控進(jìn)程,負(fù)責(zé)所有的監(jiān)控工作,決定和處理所有節(jié)點(diǎn)角色活動(dòng)。此腳本需要在監(jiān)管機(jī)上運(yùn)行。
mmm_agentd:運(yùn)行在每個(gè)mysql服務(wù)器上的代理進(jìn)程,完成監(jiān)控的探針工作和執(zhí)行簡(jiǎn)單的遠(yuǎn)端服務(wù)設(shè)置。此腳本需要在被監(jiān)管機(jī)上運(yùn)行。
mmm_control:一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的腳本,提供管理mmm_mond進(jìn)程的命令。
mysql-mmm的監(jiān)管端會(huì)提供多個(gè)虛擬IP(VIP),包括一個(gè)可寫VIP,多個(gè)可讀VIP,通過監(jiān)管的管理,這些IP會(huì)綁定在可用mysql之上,當(dāng)某一臺(tái)mysql宕機(jī)時(shí),監(jiān)管會(huì)將VIP遷移至其他mysql。在整個(gè)監(jiān)管過程中,需要在mysql中添加相關(guān)授權(quán)用戶,以便讓mysql可以支持監(jiān)理機(jī)的維護(hù)。授權(quán)的用戶包括一個(gè)mmm_monitor用戶和一個(gè)mmm_agent用戶。
MMM的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)
優(yōu)點(diǎn): 高可用性,擴(kuò)展性好,出現(xiàn)故障自動(dòng)切換,對(duì)于主主同步,在同一時(shí)間只提供一臺(tái)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)寫操作,保證的數(shù)據(jù)的一致性。
缺點(diǎn): Monitor節(jié)點(diǎn)是單點(diǎn),可以結(jié)合Keepalived實(shí)現(xiàn)高可用,對(duì)主機(jī)的數(shù)量有要求,需要實(shí)現(xiàn)讀寫分離,對(duì)程序來說是個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。
實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境部署
第一步:在四臺(tái)服務(wù)器上都需要安裝MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
1.配置ALI云源,然后安裝epel-release源
[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release [root@localhost ~]# yum clean all && yum makecache
2.搭建本地yum源
#安裝數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server mariadb #關(guān)閉防火墻和安全功能 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 #開啟數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
3.修改ml主配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf #刪除前9行,添加以下內(nèi)容 [mysqld] log_error=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.err #錯(cuò)誤日志的文件位置 log=/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log #訪問日志的文件位置 log_slow_queries=/var/lib/mysql_slow_queris.log #man日志的文件位置 binlog-ignore-db=mysql,information_schema #mysql,information_schema不生成二進(jìn)制日志文件 character_set_server=utf8 #字符集 log_bin=mysql_bin #二進(jìn)制日志文件功能開啟 server_id=1 #不同主機(jī)id不同 log_slave_updates=true #授權(quán)同步 sync_binlog=1 #二進(jìn)制日志文件功能開啟 auto_increment_increment=2 #自增量 auto_increment_offset=1 #起始值 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mariadb.service [root@localhost ~]# netstat -natp | grep 3306
4.復(fù)制配置文件到其他三臺(tái)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器,注意修改server_id
[root@localhost ~]# scp /etc/my.cnf root@192.168.142.134:etc/
5.進(jìn)入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),并查看日志文件信息
[root@localhost ~]# mysql #查看記錄日志文件名稱和位置值 MariaDB [(none)]> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+ | mysql_bin.000001 | 245| | mysql,information_schema | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
6.在m1和m2上互相授予訪問的權(quán)限,并授權(quán)同步日志
#在m1和m2上互相授予訪問的權(quán)限 MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.142.%' identified by '123456'; #在m1上指定m2的日志文件名和位置參數(shù) MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.142.134',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',master_log_pos=245; #在m2上指定m1的日志文件名和位置參數(shù) MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.142.131',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',master_log_pos=245;
7.在m1上開啟同步功能
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
8.查看同步狀態(tài),兩臺(tái)主服務(wù)器都要看到Y(jié)es
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G; Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
9.在m1上創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
MariaDB [(none)]> create database school;
10.在m2上查看同步數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | school | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
11.在兩臺(tái)從上做-注意日志文件和位置參數(shù)的改變(都指向m1)
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.142.131',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',master_log_pos=245;
12.開啟同步功能
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; #在從服務(wù)器上查看同步數(shù)據(jù)信息 MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | school | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
13.在四臺(tái)服務(wù)器上安裝MMM相關(guān)軟件
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-mmm*
14.配置mmm_common.conf配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf#修改網(wǎng)卡為ens33 cluster_interface ens33 pid_path /run/mysql-mmm-agent.pid bin_path /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/ replication_user replicantion #修改授權(quán)密碼 replication_password 123456 agent_user mmm_agent #修改代理授權(quán)密碼 agent_password 123456 #指定四臺(tái)服務(wù)器的角色與IP地址ip 192.168.142.131 mode master peer db2 ip 192.168.142.134 mode master peer db1 ip 192.168.142.130 mode slave ip 192.168.142.135 mode slave #設(shè)定主服務(wù)器虛擬IPhosts db1, db2 ips 192.168.142.250 mode exclusive #設(shè)定從服務(wù)器虛擬IPhosts db3, db4 ips 192.168.142.251, 192.168.142.252 mode balanced
15.從m1上面復(fù)制配置文件到其他三臺(tái)服務(wù)器
[root@localhost ~]# scp mmm_common.conf/mmm_common.conf root@192.168.142.134:/etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf [root@localhost ~]# scp mmm_common.conf/mmm_common.conf root@192.168.142.130:/etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf [root@localhost ~]# scp mmm_common.conf/mmm_common.conf root@192.168.142.135:/etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf
第二步:配置monitor監(jiān)控服務(wù)器
1.安裝epel-release源以及MMM相關(guān)軟件
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 [root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release [root@localhost ~]# yum clean all && yum makecache [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-mmm*
2.從m1上面復(fù)制配置文件到監(jiān)控服務(wù)器
[root@localhost ~]# scp mmm_common.conf root@192.168.142.134:/etc/mysql-mmm/
3.配置mmm_common.conf配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_mon.confip 127.0.0.1 pid_path /run/mysql-mmm-monitor.pid bin_path /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm status_path /var/lib/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.status #指向四臺(tái)服務(wù)器的IP地址 ping_ips 192.168.142.131,192.168.142.134,192.168.142.130,192.168.142.135 auto_set_online 10
4.在所有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器上為mmm_agent授權(quán)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant super, replication client, process on *.* to 'mmm_agent'@'192.168.142.%' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
5.在所有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器上為mmm_moniter授權(quán)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication client on *.* to 'mmm_monitor'@'192.168.18.%' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
6.刷新數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、在所有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器上設(shè)定代理名稱
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf #修改代理配置文件 #m1中默認(rèn)名稱 this db1 #m2中名稱 this db2 #s1中名稱 this db3 #s2中名稱 this db4
7.所有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器上啟動(dòng)代理功能并設(shè)定開機(jī)自啟動(dòng)
#啟動(dòng)代理功能 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysql-mmm-agent.service #設(shè)置開機(jī)自啟動(dòng) [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysql-mmm-agent.service
8.在monitor服務(wù)器開啟監(jiān)控服務(wù)、查看各節(jié)點(diǎn)的情況
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# systemctl start mysql-mmm-monitor.service [root@localhost ~]# mmm_control show db1(192.168.142.131) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.142.250) db2(192.168.142.134) master/ONLINE. Roles: db3(192.168.142.130) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.142.252) db4(192.168.142.135) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.142.251)
9、檢測(cè)所有服務(wù)器狀態(tài)
[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control checks all db4 ping [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK db4 mysql [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK db4 rep_threads [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK db4 rep_backlog [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK: Backlog is null db2 ping [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK db2 mysql [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK db2 rep_threads [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK db2 rep_backlog [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK: Backlog is null db3 ping [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK db3 mysql [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK db3 rep_threads [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK db3 rep_backlog [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK: Backlog is null db1 ping [last change: 2019/11/25 18:23:03] OK db1 mysql [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK db1 rep_threads [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK db1 rep_backlog [last change: 2019/11/25 18:59:01] OK: Backlog is null
第三、故障測(cè)試
1、模擬m1服務(wù)器宕機(jī),停止服務(wù)
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop mariadb.service
2.當(dāng)m1服務(wù)器宕機(jī)后,m2接收虛擬IP繼續(xù)提供服務(wù)
[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control show db1(192.168.142.131) master/ONLINE. Roles: db2(192.168.142.134) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.142.250) db3(192.168.142.130) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.142.252) db4(192.168.142.135) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.142.251)
3.當(dāng)s1服務(wù)器宕機(jī)后,s2接收虛擬IP繼續(xù)提供服務(wù)
[root@localhost ~]# mmm_control show db1(192.168.142.131) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.142.250) db2(192.168.142.134) master/ONLINE. Roles: db3(192.168.142.130) slave/HARD_OFFLINE. Roles: db4(192.168.142.135) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.142.251), reader(192.168.142.252
4.在m1服務(wù)器上為監(jiān)控服務(wù)器地址授權(quán)登錄
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to 'root'@'192.168.142.136' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
5.在監(jiān)控服務(wù)器上安裝數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)客戶端
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb
6.在監(jiān)控服務(wù)器上使用指定用戶登錄數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),并創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)信息
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p -h 192.168.142.250 Enter password: #輸入密碼即可 #創(chuàng)建一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) MariaDB [(none)]> create database BDQN; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
7.在所有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)上都能查看及時(shí)同步到的數(shù)據(jù)信息
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; #查看數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | BDQN | #同步到的BDQN數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) | mysql | | performance_schema | | school | | test | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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