這篇文章主要介紹了JVM反射原理是什么,具有一定借鑒價(jià)值,需要的朋友可以參考下。希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后大有收獲。下面讓小編帶著大家一起了解一下。
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1,JAVA反射機(jī)制是在運(yùn)行狀態(tài)中
對(duì)于任意一個(gè)類,都能夠知道這個(gè)類的所有屬性和方法;
對(duì)于任意一個(gè)對(duì)象,都能夠調(diào)用它的任意一個(gè)方法和屬性;
這種動(dòng)態(tài)獲取的信息以及動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)用對(duì)象的方法的功能稱為java語(yǔ)言的反射機(jī)制。
(如果屬性是private,正常情況下是不允許外界操作屬性值,這里可以用Field類的setAccessible(true)方法,暫時(shí)打開(kāi)操作的權(quán)限)
舉例API :
Class.forName("com.my.reflectTest").newInstance()復(fù)制代碼
首先調(diào)用了 java.lang.Class 的靜態(tài)方法,獲取類信息!
注意:forName()反射獲取類信息,并沒(méi)有將實(shí)現(xiàn)留給了java,而是交給了jvm去加載!
主要是先獲取 ClassLoader, 然后調(diào)用 native 方法,獲取信息,加載類則是回調(diào) 入?yún)lassLoader 進(jìn)類加載!
@CallerSensitive public static Class> forName(String className) throws ClassNotFoundException { // 先通過(guò)反射,獲取調(diào)用進(jìn)來(lái)的類信息,從而獲取當(dāng)前的 classLoader Class> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass(); // 調(diào)用native方法進(jìn)行獲取class信息 return forName0(className, true, ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller), caller); }復(fù)制代碼
// java.lang.ClassLoader protected Class> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve) throws ClassNotFoundException { // 先獲取鎖 synchronized (getClassLoadingLock(name)) { // First, check if the class has already been loaded // 如果已經(jīng)加載了的話,就不用再加載了 Class> c = findLoadedClass(name); if (c == null) { long t0 = System.nanoTime(); try { // 雙親委托加載 if (parent != null) { c = parent.loadClass(name, false); } else { c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name); } } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { // ClassNotFoundException thrown if class not found // from the non-null parent class loader } // 父類沒(méi)有加載到時(shí),再自己加載 if (c == null) { // If still not found, then invoke findClass in order // to find the class. long t1 = System.nanoTime(); c = findClass(name); // this is the defining class loader; record the stats sun.misc.PerfCounter.getParentDelegationTime().addTime(t1 - t0); sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1); sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment(); } } if (resolve) { resolveClass(c); } return c; } } protected Object getClassLoadingLock(String className) { Object lock = this; if (parallelLockMap != null) { // 使用 ConcurrentHashMap來(lái)保存鎖 Object newLock = new Object(); lock = parallelLockMap.putIfAbsent(className, newLock); if (lock == null) { lock = newLock; } } return lock; } protected final Class> findLoadedClass(String name) { if (!checkName(name)) return null; return findLoadedClass0(name); }復(fù)制代碼
newInstance() 其實(shí)相當(dāng)于調(diào)用類的無(wú)參構(gòu)造函數(shù),主要做了三件事復(fù)制代碼
權(quán)限檢測(cè),如果不通過(guò)直接拋出異常;
查找無(wú)參構(gòu)造器,并將其緩存起來(lái);
調(diào)用具體方法的無(wú)參構(gòu)造方法,生成實(shí)例并返回;
// 首先肯定是 Class.newInstance @CallerSensitive public T newInstance() throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException { if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) { checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false); } // NOTE: the following code may not be strictly correct under // the current Java memory model. // Constructor lookup // newInstance() 其實(shí)相當(dāng)于調(diào)用類的無(wú)參構(gòu)造函數(shù),所以,首先要找到其無(wú)參構(gòu)造器 if (cachedConstructor == null) { if (this == Class.class) { // 不允許調(diào)用 Class 的 newInstance() 方法 throw new IllegalAccessException( "Can not call newInstance() on the Class for java.lang.Class" ); } try { // 獲取無(wú)參構(gòu)造器 Class>[] empty = {}; final Constructorc = getConstructor0(empty, Member.DECLARED); // Disable accessibility checks on the constructor // since we have to do the security check here anyway // (the stack depth is wrong for the Constructor's // security check to work) java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged( new java.security.PrivilegedAction () { public Void run() { c.setAccessible(true); return null; } }); cachedConstructor = c; } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { throw (InstantiationException) new InstantiationException(getName()).initCause(e); } } Constructor tmpConstructor = cachedConstructor; // Security check (same as in java.lang.reflect.Constructor) int modifiers = tmpConstructor.getModifiers(); if (!Reflection.quickCheckMemberAccess(this, modifiers)) { Class> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass(); if (newInstanceCallerCache != caller) { Reflection.ensureMemberAccess(caller, this, null, modifiers); newInstanceCallerCache = caller; } } // Run constructor try { // 調(diào)用無(wú)參構(gòu)造器 return tmpConstructor.newInstance((Object[])null); } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { Unsafe.getUnsafe().throwException(e.getTargetException()); // Not reached return null; } }復(fù)制代碼
1. 先獲取所有的constructors, 然后通過(guò)進(jìn)行參數(shù)類型比較; 2. 找到匹配后,通過(guò) ReflectionFactory copy一份constructor返回; 3. 否則拋出 NoSuchMethodException;
private ConstructorgetConstructor0(Class>[] parameterTypes, int which) throws NoSuchMethodException { // 獲取所有構(gòu)造器 Constructor [] constructors = privateGetDeclaredConstructors((which == Member.PUBLIC)); for (Constructor constructor : constructors) { if (arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes, constructor.getParameterTypes())) { return getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(constructor); } } throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + ". " + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes)); }復(fù)制代碼
1. 先嘗試從緩存中獲取; 2. 如果緩存沒(méi)有,則從jvm中重新獲取,并存入緩存,緩存使用軟引用進(jìn)行保存,保證內(nèi)存可用;
// 獲取當(dāng)前類所有的構(gòu)造方法,通過(guò)jvm或者緩存 // Returns an array of "root" constructors. These Constructor // objects must NOT be propagated to the outside world, but must // instead be copied via ReflectionFactory.copyConstructor. private Constructor[] privateGetDeclaredConstructors(boolean publicOnly) { checkInitted(); Constructor [] res; // 調(diào)用 reflectionData(), 獲取保存的信息,使用軟引用保存,從而使內(nèi)存不夠可以回收 ReflectionData rd = reflectionData(); if (rd != null) { res = publicOnly ? rd.publicConstructors : rd.declaredConstructors; // 存在緩存,則直接返回 if (res != null) return res; } // No cached value available; request value from VM if (isInterface()) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") Constructor [] temporaryRes = (Constructor []) new Constructor>[0]; res = temporaryRes; } else { // 使用native方法從jvm獲取構(gòu)造器 res = getDeclaredConstructors0(publicOnly); } if (rd != null) { // 最后,將從jvm中讀取的內(nèi)容,存入緩存 if (publicOnly) { rd.publicConstructors = res; } else { rd.declaredConstructors = res; } } return res; } // Lazily create and cache ReflectionData private ReflectionData reflectionData() { SoftReference > reflectionData = this.reflectionData; int classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount; ReflectionData rd; if (useCaches && reflectionData != null && (rd = reflectionData.get()) != null && rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) { return rd; } // else no SoftReference or cleared SoftReference or stale ReflectionData // -> create and replace new instance return newReflectionData(reflectionData, classRedefinedCount); } // 新創(chuàng)建緩存,保存反射信息 private ReflectionData newReflectionData(SoftReference > oldReflectionData, int classRedefinedCount) { if (!useCaches) return null; // 使用cas保證更新的線程安全性,所以反射是保證線程安全的 while (true) { ReflectionData rd = new ReflectionData<>(classRedefinedCount); // try to CAS it... if (Atomic.casReflectionData(this, oldReflectionData, new SoftReference<>(rd))) { return rd; } // 先使用CAS更新,如果更新成功,則立即返回,否則測(cè)查當(dāng)前已被其他線程更新的情況,如果和自己想要更新的狀態(tài)一致,則也算是成功了 oldReflectionData = this.reflectionData; classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount; if (oldReflectionData != null && (rd = oldReflectionData.get()) != null && rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) { return rd; } } }復(fù)制代碼
另外,使用 relactionData() 進(jìn)行緩存保存;ReflectionData 的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)如下!
// reflection data that might get invalidated when JVM TI RedefineClasses() is called private static class ReflectionData{ volatile Field[] declaredFields; volatile Field[] publicFields; volatile Method[] declaredMethods; volatile Method[] publicMethods; volatile Constructor [] declaredConstructors; volatile Constructor [] publicConstructors; // Intermediate results for getFields and getMethods volatile Field[] declaredPublicFields; volatile Method[] declaredPublicMethods; volatile Class>[] interfaces; // Value of classRedefinedCount when we created this ReflectionData instance final int redefinedCount; ReflectionData(int redefinedCount) { this.redefinedCount = redefinedCount; } }復(fù)制代碼
// return tmpConstructor.newInstance((Object[])null); // java.lang.reflect.Constructor @CallerSensitive public T newInstance(Object ... initargs) throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException { if (!override) { if (!Reflection.quickCheckMemberAccess(clazz, modifiers)) { Class> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass(); checkAccess(caller, clazz, null, modifiers); } } if ((clazz.getModifiers() & Modifier.ENUM) != 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot reflectively create enum objects"); ConstructorAccessor ca = constructorAccessor; // read volatile if (ca == null) { ca = acquireConstructorAccessor(); } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") T inst = (T) ca.newInstance(initargs); return inst; } // sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl public Object newInstance(Object[] args) throws InstantiationException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException { return delegate.newInstance(args); } // sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl public Object newInstance(Object[] args) throws InstantiationException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException { // We can't inflate a constructor belonging to a vm-anonymous class // because that kind of class can't be referred to by name, hence can't // be found from the generated bytecode. if (++numInvocations > ReflectionFactory.inflationThreshold() && !ReflectUtil.isVMAnonymousClass(c.getDeclaringClass())) { ConstructorAccessorImpl acc = (ConstructorAccessorImpl) new MethodAccessorGenerator(). generateConstructor(c.getDeclaringClass(), c.getParameterTypes(), c.getExceptionTypes(), c.getModifiers()); parent.setDelegate(acc); } // 調(diào)用native方法,進(jìn)行調(diào)用 constructor return newInstance0(c, args); }復(fù)制代碼
返回構(gòu)造器的實(shí)例后,可以根據(jù)外部進(jìn)行進(jìn)行類型轉(zhuǎn)換,從而使用接口或方法進(jìn)行調(diào)用實(shí)例功能了。
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