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JDK源碼分析(11)之BlockingQueue相關(guān)-創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)

本文將主要結(jié)合源碼對(duì) JDK 中的阻塞隊(duì)列進(jìn)行分析,并比較其各自的特點(diǎn);

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一、BlockingQueue 概述

說(shuō)到阻塞隊(duì)列想到的第一個(gè)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景可能就是生產(chǎn)者消費(fèi)者模式了,如圖所示;

JDK源碼分析(11)之 BlockingQueue 相關(guān)

根據(jù)上圖所示,明顯在入隊(duì)和出隊(duì)的時(shí)候,會(huì)發(fā)生競(jìng)爭(zhēng);所以一種很自然的想法就是使用鎖,而在 JDK 中也的確是通過(guò)鎖來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的;所以?BlockingQueue?的源碼其實(shí)可以當(dāng)成鎖的應(yīng)用示例來(lái)查看;同時(shí) JDK 也為我們提供了多種不同功能的隊(duì)列:

  • ArrayBlockingQueue?:基于數(shù)組的有界隊(duì)列;

  • LinkedBlockingQueue?:基于鏈表的×××隊(duì)列(可以設(shè)置容量);

  • PriorityBlockingQueue?:基于二叉堆的×××優(yōu)先級(jí)隊(duì)列;

  • DelayQueue?:基于 PriorityBlockingQueue 的×××延遲隊(duì)列;

  • SynchronousQueue?:無(wú)容量的阻塞隊(duì)列(Executors.newCachedThreadPool() 中使用的隊(duì)列);

  • LinkedTransferQueue?:基于鏈表的×××隊(duì)列;

接下來(lái)我們就對(duì)最常用的?ArrayBlockingQueue?和?LinkedBlockingQueue?進(jìn)行分析;

二、 ArrayBlockingQueue 源碼分析

1. 結(jié)構(gòu)概述

public?class?ArrayBlockingQueue?extends?AbstractQueue?implements?BlockingQueue,?java.io.Serializable?{????final?Object[]?items;???????????????//?容器數(shù)組
????int?takeIndex;??????????????????????//?出隊(duì)索引
????int?putIndex;???????????????????????//?入隊(duì)索引
????int?count;??????????????????????????//?排隊(duì)個(gè)數(shù)
????final?ReentrantLock?lock;???????????//?全局鎖
????private?final?Condition?notEmpty;???//?出隊(duì)條件隊(duì)列
????private?final?Condition?notFull;????//?入隊(duì)條件隊(duì)列
????...
}

ArrayBlockingQueue?的結(jié)構(gòu)如圖所示:

JDK源碼分析(11)之 BlockingQueue 相關(guān)

如圖所示,

  • ArrayBlockingQueue?的數(shù)組其實(shí)是一個(gè)邏輯上的環(huán)狀結(jié)構(gòu),在添加、取出數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)候,并沒(méi)有像?ArrayList?一樣發(fā)生數(shù)組元素的移動(dòng)(當(dāng)然除了?removeAt(final int removeIndex));

  • 并且由?takeIndex?和?putIndex?指示讀寫(xiě)位置;

  • 在讀寫(xiě)的時(shí)候還有兩個(gè)讀寫(xiě)條件隊(duì)列;

下面我們就讀寫(xiě)操作,對(duì)源碼簡(jiǎn)單分析:

2. 入隊(duì)

public?void?put(E?e)?throws?InterruptedException?{
??checkNotNull(e);??final?ReentrantLock?lock?=?this.lock;
??lock.lockInterruptibly();??try?{????while?(count?==?items.length)??//?當(dāng)隊(duì)列已滿(mǎn)的時(shí)候放入?putCondition?條件隊(duì)列
??????notFull.await();???
????enqueue(e);??//?入隊(duì)
??}?finally?{
????lock.unlock();
??}
}
private?void?enqueue(E?x)?{??//?assert?lock.getHoldCount()?==?1;
??//?assert?items[putIndex]?==?null;
??final?Object[]?items?=?this.items;
??items[putIndex]?=?x;??//?插入隊(duì)列
??if?(++putIndex?==?items.length)?putIndex?=?0;??//?指針走一圈的時(shí)候復(fù)位
??count++;
??notEmpty.signal();??//?喚醒?takeCondition?條件隊(duì)列中等待的線(xiàn)程}

3. 出隊(duì)

public?E?take()?throws?InterruptedException?{??final?ReentrantLock?lock?=?this.lock;
??lock.lockInterruptibly();??try?{????while?(count?==?0)??//?當(dāng)隊(duì)列為空的時(shí)候,放入?takeCondition?條件
??????notEmpty.await();??
????return?dequeue();???//?出隊(duì)
??}?finally?{
????lock.unlock();
??}
}
private?E?dequeue()?{??//?assert?lock.getHoldCount()?==?1;
??//?assert?items[takeIndex]?!=?null;
??final?Object[]?items?=?this.items;??@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
??E?x?=?(E)?items[takeIndex];??//?取出元素
??items[takeIndex]?=?null;??if?(++takeIndex?==?items.length)
????takeIndex?=?0;
??count--;??if?(itrs?!=?null)
????itrs.elementDequeued();
??notFull.signal();??//?取出元素后,隊(duì)列空出一位,所以喚醒?putCondition?中的線(xiàn)程
??return?x;
}

三、LinkedBlockingQueue 源碼分析

1. 結(jié)構(gòu)概述

public?class?LinkedBlockingQueue?extends?AbstractQueue?implements?BlockingQueue,?java.io.Serializable?{??
??private?final?int?capacity;?//?默認(rèn)?Integer.MAX_VALUE
??private?final?AtomicInteger?count?=?new?AtomicInteger();?//?容量
??transient?Node?head;??????????//?頭結(jié)點(diǎn)?head.item?==?null
??private?transient?Node?last;??//?尾節(jié)點(diǎn)?last.next?==?null
??private?final?ReentrantLock?takeLock?=?new?ReentrantLock();??//?出隊(duì)鎖
??private?final?Condition?notEmpty?=?takeLock.newCondition();??//?出隊(duì)條件
??private?final?ReentrantLock?putLock?=?new?ReentrantLock();???//?入隊(duì)鎖
??private?final?Condition?notFull?=?putLock.newCondition();????//?入隊(duì)條件
??
??static?class?Node?{
????E?item;
????Node?next;
????Node(E?x)?{?item?=?x;?}
??}
}

LinkedBlockingQueue?的結(jié)構(gòu)如圖所示:

JDK源碼分析(11)之 BlockingQueue 相關(guān)

如圖所示,

  • LinkedBlockingQueue?其實(shí)就是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的單向鏈表,其中頭部元素的數(shù)據(jù)為空,尾部元素的 next 為空;

  • 因?yàn)樽x寫(xiě)都有競(jìng)爭(zhēng),所以在頭部和尾部分別有一把鎖;同時(shí)還有對(duì)應(yīng)的兩個(gè)條件隊(duì)列;

下面我們就讀寫(xiě)操作,對(duì)源碼簡(jiǎn)單分析:

2. 入隊(duì)

public?boolean?offer(E?e)?{??if?(e?==?null)?throw?new?NullPointerException();??final?AtomicInteger?count?=?this.count;??if?(count.get()?==?capacity)?return?false;??//?如果隊(duì)列已滿(mǎn),直接返回失敗
??int?c?=?-1;
??Node?node?=?new?Node(e);??????????????//?將數(shù)據(jù)封裝為節(jié)點(diǎn)
??final?ReentrantLock?putLock?=?this.putLock;
??putLock.lock();??try?{????if?(count.get()?=?0;
}
private?void?enqueue(Node?node)?{??//?assert?putLock.isHeldByCurrentThread();
??//?assert?last.next?==?null;
??last?=?last.next?=?node;??//?連接節(jié)點(diǎn),并設(shè)置尾節(jié)點(diǎn)}

3. 出隊(duì)

public?E?take()?throws?InterruptedException?{
??E?x;??int?c?=?-1;??final?AtomicInteger?count?=?this.count;??final?ReentrantLock?takeLock?=?this.takeLock;
??takeLock.lockInterruptibly();??try?{????while?(count.get()?==?0)?{???//?如果隊(duì)列為空,則加入?takeCondition?條件隊(duì)列
??????notEmpty.await();
????}
????x?=?dequeue();???????????????//?出隊(duì)
????c?=?count.getAndDecrement();????if?(c?>?1)
??????notEmpty.signal();?????????//?如果隊(duì)列還有剩余,則繼續(xù)喚醒?takeCondition?條件隊(duì)列
??}?finally?{
????takeLock.unlock();
??}??if?(c?==?capacity)?????????????//?如果取之前隊(duì)列是滿(mǎn)的,說(shuō)明入隊(duì)的時(shí)候有競(jìng)爭(zhēng),則喚醒?putCondition
????signalNotFull();?????????????//?同樣注意是兩把鎖
??return?x;
}
private?E?dequeue()?{??//?assert?takeLock.isHeldByCurrentThread();
??//?assert?head.item?==?null;
??Node?h?=?head;
??Node?first?=?h.next;
??h.next?=?h;?//?help?GC???//?將next引用指向自己,則該節(jié)點(diǎn)不可達(dá),在下一次GC的時(shí)候回收
??head?=?first;
??E?x?=?first.item;
??first.item?=?null;??return?x;
}

四、ABQ、LBQ 對(duì)比

根據(jù)以上的講解,我們可以逐步分析出一些不同,以及在不同場(chǎng)景隊(duì)列的選擇:

  1. 結(jié)構(gòu)不同

  • ABQ:基于數(shù)組,有界,一把鎖;

  • LBQ:基于鏈表,×××,兩把鎖;

內(nèi)存分配

  • ABQ:隊(duì)列空間預(yù)先初始化,受堆空間影響小,穩(wěn)定性高;

  • LBQ:隊(duì)列空間動(dòng)態(tài)變化,受對(duì)空間影響大,穩(wěn)定性差;

入隊(duì)、出隊(duì)效率

  • ABQ:數(shù)據(jù)直接賦值,移除;隊(duì)列空間重復(fù)使用,效率高;

  • LBQ:數(shù)據(jù)需要包裝為節(jié)點(diǎn);需開(kāi)辟新空間,效率低;

競(jìng)爭(zhēng)方面

  • ABQ:出入隊(duì)共用一把鎖,相互影響;競(jìng)爭(zhēng)嚴(yán)重時(shí)效率低;

  • LBQ:出入隊(duì)分用兩把鎖,互不影響;競(jìng)爭(zhēng)嚴(yán)重時(shí)效率影響?。?/p>

所以在這里并不能簡(jiǎn)單的給出詳細(xì)的數(shù)據(jù),證明哪個(gè)隊(duì)列更適合什么場(chǎng)景,最好是結(jié)合實(shí)際使用場(chǎng)景分析。

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