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1.開始前準(zhǔn)備
1.1 python3,本篇博客內(nèi)容采用python3來寫,如果電腦上沒有安裝python3請(qǐng)先安裝python3.
1.2 Request庫,urllib的升級(jí)版本打包了全部功能并簡(jiǎn)化了使用方法。下載方法:
pip install requests
1.3 Beautifulsoup庫, 是一個(gè)可以從HTML或XML文件中提取數(shù)據(jù)的Python庫.它能夠通過你喜歡的轉(zhuǎn)換器實(shí)現(xiàn)慣用的文檔導(dǎo)航,查找,修改文檔的方式.。下載方法:
pip install beautifulsoup4
1.4 LXML,用于輔助Beautifulsoup庫解析網(wǎng)頁。(如果你不用anaconda,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)包在Windows下pip安裝報(bào)錯(cuò))下載方法:
pip install lxml
1.5 pycharm,一款功能強(qiáng)大的pythonIDE工具。下載官方版本后,使用license sever免費(fèi)使用(同系列產(chǎn)品類似),具體參照http://www.cnblogs.com/hanggegege/p/6763329.html。
2.爬取過程演示與分析
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import os import requests
導(dǎo)入需要的庫,os庫用來后期儲(chǔ)存爬取內(nèi)容。
隨后我們點(diǎn)開“***笑話”,發(fā)現(xiàn)有“全部笑話”這一欄,能夠讓我們***效率地爬取所有歷史笑話!
我們來通過requests庫來看看這個(gè)頁面的源代碼:
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import os import requests all_url = 'http://xiaohua.zol.com.cn/new/ headers = {'User-Agent':"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1"} all_html=requests.get(all_url,headers = headers) print(all_html.text)
header是請(qǐng)求頭,大部分網(wǎng)站沒有這個(gè)請(qǐng)求頭會(huì)爬取失敗
部分效果如下:
通過源碼分析發(fā)現(xiàn)我們還是不能通過此網(wǎng)站就直接獲取到所有笑話的信息,因此我們?cè)谠谶@個(gè)頁面找一些間接的方法。
點(diǎn)開一個(gè)笑話查看全文,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)此時(shí)網(wǎng)址變成了http://xiaohua.zol.com.cn/detail58/57681.html,在點(diǎn)開其他的笑話,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)址部都是形如http://xiaohua.zol.com.cn/detail?/?.html的格式,我們以這個(gè)為突破口,去爬取所有的內(nèi)容
我們的目的是找到所有形如http://xiaohua.zol.com.cn/detail?/?.html的網(wǎng)址,再去爬取其內(nèi)容。
我們?cè)凇叭啃υ挕表撁骐S便翻到一頁:http://xiaohua.zol.com.cn/new/5.html ,按下F12查看其源代碼,按照其布局發(fā)現(xiàn) :
每個(gè)笑話對(duì)應(yīng)其中一個(gè)
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import os import requests all_url = 'http://xiaohua.zol.com.cn/new/ ' headers = {'User-Agent':"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1"} all_html=requests.get(all_url,headers = headers) #print(all_html.text) soup1 = BeautifulSoup(all_html.text,'lxml') list1=soup1.find_all('li',class_ = 'article-summary') for i in list1: #print(i) soup2 = BeautifulSoup(i.prettify(),'lxml') list2=soup2.find_all('a',target = '_blank',class_='all-read') for b in list2: href = b['href'] print(href)
我們通過以上代碼,成功獲得***頁所有笑話的網(wǎng)址后綴:
也就是說,我們只需要獲得所有的循環(huán)遍歷所有的頁碼,就能獲得所有的笑話。
上面的代碼優(yōu)化后:
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import os import requests all_url = 'http://xiaohua.zol.com.cn/new/5.html ' def Gethref(url): headers = { 'User-Agent': "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1"} html = requests.get(url,headers = headers) soup_first = BeautifulSoup(html.text,'lxml') list_first = soup_first.find_all('li',class_='article-summary') for i in list_first: soup_second = BeautifulSoup(i.prettify(),'lxml') list_second = soup_second.find_all('a',target = '_blank',class_='all-read') for b in list_second: href = b['href'] print(href) Gethref(all_url)
使用如下代碼,獲取完整的笑話地址url
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import os import requests all_url = 'http://xiaohua.zol.com.cn/new/5.html ' def Gethref(url): list_href = [] headers = { 'User-Agent': "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1"} html = requests.get(url,headers = headers) soup_first = BeautifulSoup(html.text,'lxml') list_first = soup_first.find_all('li',class_='article-summary') for i in list_first: soup_second = BeautifulSoup(i.prettify(),'lxml') list_second = soup_second.find_all('a',target = '_blank',class_='all-read') for b in list_second: href = b['href'] list_href.append(href) return list_href def GetTrueUrl(liebiao): for i in liebiao: url = 'http://xiaohua.zol.com.cn '+str(i) print(url) GetTrueUrl(Gethref(all_url))
簡(jiǎn)單分析笑話頁面html內(nèi)容后,接下來獲取一個(gè)頁面全部笑話的內(nèi)容:
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import os import requests all_url = 'http://xiaohua.zol.com.cn/new/5.html ' def Gethref(url): list_href = [] headers = { 'User-Agent': "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1"} html = requests.get(url,headers = headers) soup_first = BeautifulSoup(html.text,'lxml') list_first = soup_first.find_all('li',class_='article-summary') for i in list_first: soup_second = BeautifulSoup(i.prettify(),'lxml') list_second = soup_second.find_all('a',target = '_blank',class_='all-read') for b in list_second: href = b['href'] list_href.append(href) return list_href def GetTrueUrl(liebiao): list = [] for i in liebiao: url = 'http://xiaohua.zol.com.cn '+str(i) list.append(url) return list def GetText(url): for i in url: html = requests.get(i) soup = BeautifulSoup(html.text,'lxml') content = soup.find('div',class_='article-text') print(content.text) GetText(GetTrueUrl(Gethref(all_url)))
效果圖如下:
現(xiàn)在我們開始存儲(chǔ)笑話內(nèi)容!開始要用到os庫了
使用如下代碼,獲取一頁笑話的所有內(nèi)容!
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import os import requests all_url = 'http://xiaohua.zol.com.cn/new/5.html ' os.mkdir('/home/lei/zol') def Gethref(url): list_href = [] headers = { 'User-Agent': "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1"} html = requests.get(url,headers = headers) soup_first = BeautifulSoup(html.text,'lxml') list_first = soup_first.find_all('li',class_='article-summary') for i in list_first: soup_second = BeautifulSoup(i.prettify(),'lxml') list_second = soup_second.find_all('a',target = '_blank',class_='all-read') for b in list_second: href = b['href'] list_href.append(href) return list_href def GetTrueUrl(liebiao): list = [] for i in liebiao: url = 'http://xiaohua.zol.com.cn '+str(i) list.append(url) return list def GetText(url): for i in url: html = requests.get(i) soup = BeautifulSoup(html.text,'lxml') content = soup.find('div',class_='article-text') title = soup.find('h2',class_ = 'article-title') SaveText(title.text,content.text) def SaveText(TextTitle,text): os.chdir('/home/lei/zol/') f = open(str(TextTitle)+'txt','w') f.write(text) f.close() GetText(GetTrueUrl(Gethref(all_url)))
效果圖:
(因?yàn)槲业南到y(tǒng)為linux系統(tǒng),路徑問題請(qǐng)按照自己電腦自己更改)
我們的目標(biāo)不是抓取一個(gè)頁面的笑話那么簡(jiǎn)單,下一步我們要做的是把需要的頁面遍歷一遍!
通過觀察可以得到全部笑話頁面url為http://xiaohua.zol.com.cn/new/+頁碼+html,接下來我們遍歷前100頁的所有笑話,全部下載下來!
接下來我們?cè)俅涡薷拇a:
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import os import requests num = 1 url = 'http://xiaohua.zol.com.cn/new/ '+str(num)+'.html' os.mkdir('/home/lei/zol') def Gethref(url): list_href = [] headers = { 'User-Agent': "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1"} html = requests.get(url,headers = headers) soup_first = BeautifulSoup(html.text,'lxml') list_first = soup_first.find_all('li',class_='article-summary') for i in list_first: soup_second = BeautifulSoup(i.prettify(),'lxml') list_second = soup_second.find_all('a',target = '_blank',class_='all-read') for b in list_second: href = b['href'] list_href.append(href) return list_href def GetTrueUrl(liebiao): list = [] for i in liebiao: url = 'http://xiaohua.zol.com.cn '+str(i) list.append(url) return list def GetText(url): for i in url: html = requests.get(i) soup = BeautifulSoup(html.text,'lxml') content = soup.find('div',class_='article-text') title = soup.find('h2',class_ = 'article-title') SaveText(title.text,content.text) def SaveText(TextTitle,text): os.chdir('/home/lei/zol/') f = open(str(TextTitle)+'txt','w') f.write(text) f.close() while num<=100: url = 'http://xiaohua.zol.com.cn/new/ ' + str(num) + '.html' GetText(GetTrueUrl(Gethref(url))) num=num+1
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