最近開始整理python的資料，博主建立了一個(gè)qq群，希望給大家提供一個(gè)交流的同平臺 78486745 。
為金秀等地區(qū)用戶提供了全套網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計(jì)制作服務(wù)，及金秀網(wǎng)站建設(shè)行業(yè)解決方案。主營業(yè)務(wù)為做網(wǎng)站、網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)、金秀網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)，以傳統(tǒng)方式定制建設(shè)網(wǎng)站，并提供域名空間備案等一條龍服務(wù)，秉承以專業(yè)、用心的態(tài)度為用戶提供真誠的服務(wù)。我們深信只要達(dá)到每一位用戶的要求，就會得到認(rèn)可，從而選擇與我們長期合作。這樣，我們也可以走得更遠(yuǎn)！
假設(shè)你希望學(xué)習(xí)Python這門語言，卻苦于找不到一個(gè)簡短而全面的入門教程。那么本教程將花費(fèi)十分鐘的時(shí)間帶你走入Python的大門。本文的內(nèi)容介于教程(Toturial)和速查手冊(CheatSheet)之間，因此只會包含一些基本概念。很顯然，如果你希望真正學(xué)好一門語言，你還是需要親自動手實(shí)踐的。在此，我會假定你已經(jīng)有了一定的編程基礎(chǔ)，因此我會跳過大部分非Python語言的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。本文將高亮顯示重要的關(guān)鍵字，以便你可以很容易看到它們。另外需要注意的是，由于本教程篇幅有限，有很多內(nèi)容我會直接使用代碼來說明加以少許注釋。
Python是一門具有強(qiáng)類型(即變量類型是強(qiáng)制要求的)、動態(tài)性、隱式類型(不需要做變量聲明)、大小寫敏感(var和VAR代表了不同的變量)以及面向?qū)ο?一切皆為對象)等特點(diǎn)的編程語言。
獲取幫助
你可以很容易的通過Python解釋器獲取幫助。如果你想知道一個(gè)對象(object)是如何工作的，那么你所需要做的就是調(diào)用help(
重慶分公司
重慶分公司
>>> help(5)
Help on int object:
(etc etc)
>>> dir(5)
['__abs__', '__add__', ...]
>>> abs.__doc__
'abs(number) -> number
Return the absolute value of the argument.'Python中沒有強(qiáng)制的語句終止字符，且代碼塊是通過縮進(jìn)來指示的。縮進(jìn)表示一個(gè)代碼塊的開始，逆縮進(jìn)則表示一個(gè)代碼塊的結(jié)束。聲明以冒號(:)字符結(jié)束，并且開啟一個(gè)縮進(jìn)級別。單行注釋以井號字符(#)開頭，多行注釋則以多行字符串的形式出現(xiàn)。賦值（事實(shí)上是將對象綁定到名字）通過等號(“=”)實(shí)現(xiàn)，雙等號(“==”)用于相等判斷，”+=”和”-=”用于增加/減少運(yùn)算(由符號右邊的值確定增加/減少的值)。這適用于許多數(shù)據(jù)類型，包括字符串。你也可以在一行上使用多個(gè)變量。例如：
>>> myvar = 3
>>> myvar += 2
>>> myvar
5
>>> myvar -= 1
>>> myvar
4
"""This is a multiline comment.
The following lines concatenate the two strings."""
>>> mystring = "Hello"
>>> mystring += " world."
>>> print mystring
Hello world.
# This swaps the variables in one line(!).
# It doesn't violate strong typing because values aren't
# actually being assigned, but new objects are bound to
# the old names.
>>> myvar, mystring = mystring, myvarPython具有列表（list）、元組（tuple）和字典（dictionaries）三種基本的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，而集合(sets)則包含在集合庫中(但從Python2.5版本開始正式成為Python內(nèi)建類型)。列表的特點(diǎn)跟一維數(shù)組類似（當(dāng)然你也可以創(chuàng)建類似多維數(shù)組的“列表的列表”），字典則是具有關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系的數(shù)組（通常也叫做哈希表），而元組則是不可變的一維數(shù)組（Python中“數(shù)組”可以包含任何類型的元素，這樣你就可以使用混合元素，例如整數(shù)、字符串或是嵌套包含列表、字典或元組）。數(shù)組中第一個(gè)元素索引值(下標(biāo))為0，使用負(fù)數(shù)索引值能夠從后向前訪問數(shù)組元素，-1表示最后一個(gè)元素。數(shù)組元素還能指向函數(shù)。來看下面的用法：
>>> sample = [1, ["another", "list"], ("a", "tuple")]
>>> mylist = ["List item 1", 2, 3.14]
>>> mylist[0] = "List item 1 again" # We're changing the item.
>>> mylist[-1] = 3.21 # Here, we refer to the last item.
>>> mydict = {"Key 1": "Value 1", 2: 3, "pi": 3.14}
>>> mydict["pi"] = 3.15 # This is how you change dictionary values.
>>> mytuple = (1, 2, 3)
>>> myfunction = len
>>> print myfunction(mylist)
3你可以使用:運(yùn)算符訪問數(shù)組中的某一段，如果:左邊為空則表示從第一個(gè)元素開始，同理:右邊為空則表示到最后一個(gè)元素結(jié)束。負(fù)數(shù)索引則表示從后向前數(shù)的位置（-1是最后一個(gè)項(xiàng)目），例如：
>>> mylist = ["List item 1", 2, 3.14]
>>> print mylist[:]
['List item 1', 2, 3.1400000000000001]
>>> print mylist[0:2]
['List item 1', 2]
>>> print mylist[-3:-1]
['List item 1', 2]
>>> print mylist[1:]
[2, 3.14]
# Adding a third parameter, "step" will have Python step in
# N item increments, rather than 1.
# E.g., this will return the first item, then go to the third and
# return that (so, items 0 and 2 in 0-indexing).
>>> print mylist[::2]
['List item 1', 3.14]Python中的字符串使用單引號(‘)或是雙引號(“)來進(jìn)行標(biāo)示，并且你還能夠在通過某一種標(biāo)示的字符串中使用另外一種標(biāo)示符(例如 “He said ‘hello’.”)。而多行字符串可以通過三個(gè)連續(xù)的單引號(”’)或是雙引號(“””)來進(jìn)行標(biāo)示。Python可以通過u”This is a unicode string”這樣的語法使用Unicode字符串。如果想通過變量來填充字符串，那么可以使用取模運(yùn)算符(%)和一個(gè)元組。使用方式是在目標(biāo)字符串中從左至右使用%s來指代變量的位置，或者使用字典來代替，示例如下：
>>>print "Name: %s\
Number: %s\
String: %s" % (myclass.name, 3, 3 * "-")
Name: Poromenos
Number: 3
String: ---
strString = """This is
a multiline
string."""
# WARNING: Watch out for the trailing s in "%(key)s".
>>> print "This %(verb)s a %(noun)s." % {"noun": "test", "verb": "is"}
This is a test.最近開始整理python的資料，博主建立了一個(gè)qq群，希望給大家提供一個(gè)交流的同平臺 78486745 。
Python中可以使用if、for和while來實(shí)現(xiàn)流程控制。Python中并沒有select，取而代之使用if來實(shí)現(xiàn)。使用for來枚舉列表中的元素。如果希望生成一個(gè)由數(shù)字組成的列表，則可以使用range(
rangelist = range(10)
>>> print rangelist
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
for number in rangelist:
# Check if number is one of
# the numbers in the tuple.
if number in (3, 4, 7, 9):
# "Break" terminates a for without
# executing the "else" clause.
break
else:
# "Continue" starts the next iteration
# of the loop. It's rather useless here,
# as it's the last statement of the loop.
continue
else:
# The "else" clause is optional and is
# executed only if the loop didn't "break".
pass # Do nothing
if rangelist[1] == 2:
print "The second item (lists are 0-based) is 2"
elif rangelist[1] == 3:
print "The second item (lists are 0-based) is 3"
else:
print "Dunno"
while rangelist[1] == 1:
pass函數(shù)通過“def”關(guān)鍵字進(jìn)行聲明?？蛇x參數(shù)以集合的方式出現(xiàn)在函數(shù)聲明中并緊跟著必選參數(shù)，可選參數(shù)可以在函數(shù)聲明中被賦予一個(gè)默認(rèn)值。已命名的參數(shù)需要賦值。函數(shù)可以返回一個(gè)元組（使用元組拆包可以有效返回多個(gè)值）。Lambda函數(shù)是由一個(gè)單獨(dú)的語句組成的特殊函數(shù)，參數(shù)通過引用進(jìn)行傳遞，但對于不可變類型(例如元組，整數(shù)，字符串等)則不能夠被改變。這是因?yàn)橹粋鬟f了該變量的內(nèi)存地址，并且只有丟棄了舊的對象后，變量才能綁定一個(gè)對象，所以不可變類型是被替換而不是改變（譯者注：雖然Python傳遞的參數(shù)形式本質(zhì)上是引用傳遞，但是會產(chǎn)生值傳遞的效果）。例如：
# 作用等同于 def funcvar(x): return x + 1
funcvar = lambda x: x + 1
>>> print funcvar(1)
2
# an_int 和 a_string 是可選參數(shù)，它們有默認(rèn)值
# 如果調(diào)用 passing_example 時(shí)只指定一個(gè)參數(shù)，那么 an_int 缺省為 2 ，a_string 缺省為 A default string。如果調(diào)用 passing_example 時(shí)指定了前面兩個(gè)參數(shù)，a_string 仍缺省為 A default string。
# a_list 是必備參數(shù)，因?yàn)樗鼪]有指定缺省值。
def passing_example(a_list, an_int=2, a_string="A default string"):
a_list.append("A new item")
an_int = 4
return a_list, an_int, a_string
>>> my_list = [1, 2, 3]
>>> my_int = 10
>>> print passing_example(my_list, my_int)
([1, 2, 3, 'A new item'], 4, "A default string")
>>> my_list
[1, 2, 3, 'A new item']
>>> my_int
10Python支持有限的多繼承形式。私有變量和方法可以通過添加至少兩個(gè)前導(dǎo)下劃線和最多尾隨一個(gè)下劃線的形式進(jìn)行聲明（如“__spam”，這只是慣例，而不是Python的強(qiáng)制要求）。當(dāng)然，我們也可以給類的實(shí)例取任意名稱。例如：
class MyClass(object):
common = 10
def __init__(self):
self.myvariable = 3
def myfunction(self, arg1, arg2):
return self.myvariable
# This is the class instantiation
>>> classinstance = MyClass()
>>> classinstance.myfunction(1, 2)
3
# This variable is shared by all classes.
>>> classinstance2 = MyClass()
>>> classinstance.common
10
>>> classinstance2.common
10
# Note how we use the class name
# instead of the instance.
>>> MyClass.common = 30
>>> classinstance.common
30
>>> classinstance2.common
30
# This will not update the variable on the class,
# instead it will bind a new object to the old
# variable name.
>>> classinstance.common = 10
>>> classinstance.common
10
>>> classinstance2.common
30
>>> MyClass.common = 50
# This has not changed, because "common" is
# now an instance variable.
>>> classinstance.common
10
>>> classinstance2.common
50
# This class inherits from MyClass. The example
# class above inherits from "object", which makes
# it what's called a "new-style class".
# Multiple inheritance is declared as:
# class OtherClass(MyClass1, MyClass2, MyClassN)
class OtherClass(MyClass):
# The "self" argument is passed automatically
# and refers to the class instance, so you can set
# instance variables as above, but from inside the class.
def __init__(self, arg1):
self.myvariable = 3
print arg1
>>> classinstance = OtherClass("hello")
hello
>>> classinstance.myfunction(1, 2)
3
# This class doesn't have a .test member, but
# we can add one to the instance anyway. Note
# that this will only be a member of classinstance.
>>> classinstance.test = 10
>>> classinstance.test
10最近開始整理python的資料，博主建立了一個(gè)qq群，希望給大家提供一個(gè)交流的同平臺 78486745 。
Python中的異常由 try-except [exceptionname] 塊處理，例如：
def some_function():
try:
# Division by zero raises an exception
10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print "Oops, invalid."
else:
# Exception didn't occur, we're good.
pass
finally:
# This is executed after the code block is run
# and all exceptions have been handled, even
# if a new exception is raised while handling.
print "We're done with that."
>>> some_function()
Oops, invalid.
We're done with that.外部庫可以使用 import [libname] 關(guān)鍵字來導(dǎo)入。同時(shí)，你還可以用 from [libname] import [funcname] 來導(dǎo)入所需要的函數(shù)。例如：
import random
from time import clock
randomint = random.randint(1, 100)
>>> print randomint
64Python針對文件的處理有很多內(nèi)建的函數(shù)庫可以調(diào)用。例如，這里演示了如何序列化文件(使用pickle庫將數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為字符串)：
import pickle
mylist = ["This", "is", 4, 13327]
# Open the file C:\\binary.dat for writing. The letter r before the
# filename string is used to prevent backslash escaping.
myfile = open(r"C:\\binary.dat", "w")
pickle.dump(mylist, myfile)
myfile.close()
myfile = open(r"C:\\text.txt", "w")
myfile.write("This is a sample string")
myfile.close()
myfile = open(r"C:\\text.txt")
>>> print myfile.read()
'This is a sample string'
myfile.close()
# Open the file for reading.
myfile = open(r"C:\\binary.dat")
loadedlist = pickle.load(myfile)
myfile.close()
>>> print loadedlist
['This', 'is', 4, 13327]>>> lst1 = [1, 2, 3]
>>> lst2 = [3, 4, 5]
>>> print [x * y for x in lst1 for y in lst2]
[3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 9, 12, 15]
>>> print [x for x in lst1 if 4 > x > 1]
[2, 3]
# Check if an item has a specific property.
# "any" returns true if any item in the list is true.
>>> any([i % 3 for i in [3, 3, 4, 4, 3]])
True
# This is because 4 % 3 = 1, and 1 is true, so any()
# returns True.
# Check how many items have this property.
>>> sum(1 for i in [3, 3, 4, 4, 3] if i == 4)
2
>>> del lst1[0]
>>> print lst1
[2, 3]
>>> del lst1number = 5
def myfunc():
# This will print 5.
print number
def anotherfunc():
# This raises an exception because the variable has not
# been bound before printing. Python knows that it an
# object will be bound to it later and creates a new, local
# object instead of accessing the global one.
print number
number = 3
def yetanotherfunc():
global number
# This will correctly change the global.
number = 3【搜索圓方圓，獲得“python教程”，“python下載”，“python入門”類相關(guān)信息?！?/p>
名稱欄目：快速入門：十分鐘學(xué)會Python
本文網(wǎng)址：http://weahome.cn/article/igsges.html
