fdisk
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fdisk [選項(xiàng)]
fdisk [選項(xiàng)] –l
fdisk –s
這是一個(gè)創(chuàng)建和維護(hù)分區(qū)的命令，兼容DOS類型的分區(qū)表、BSD或SUN類型的磁盤列表。 注意fdisk不支持2T以上的硬盤分區(qū)，此時(shí)需要使用gdisk。
相關(guān)了解：
磁頭數(shù)（Heads）表示硬盤有幾個(gè)磁頭，也就是有幾面盤片，一個(gè)硬盤最多有255個(gè)磁頭
柱面數(shù)（Cylinders）表示硬盤每面盤片上有幾條磁道
扇區(qū)數(shù)（Sectors）表示每條磁道上有幾個(gè)扇區(qū)，每條磁道最多有63個(gè)扇區(qū)
(1).選項(xiàng)
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-b <
size
> 指定扇區(qū)大?。?12，1024，2048或4096 B）-c 關(guān)閉DOS兼容模式-u <
size
> 以扇區(qū)編號(hào)取代柱面編號(hào)來(lái)表示每個(gè)分區(qū)的起始地址，一般與-l選項(xiàng)聯(lián)合使用-C <
number
> 指定柱面編號(hào)-H <
number
> 指定磁頭編號(hào)-S <
number
> 指定磁道扇區(qū)編號(hào) |
(2).菜單操作說(shuō)明：
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a 設(shè)置可引導(dǎo)標(biāo)記（活動(dòng)分區(qū)/引導(dǎo)分區(qū)之間切換）b 編輯BSD磁盤標(biāo)簽c 設(shè)置DOS操作系統(tǒng)兼容標(biāo)記（兼容/不兼容之間切換）d 刪除一個(gè)分區(qū)l 顯示已知的分區(qū)類型，其中82為L(zhǎng)inux swap分區(qū)，83為L(zhǎng)inux分區(qū)m 顯示幫助信息n 增加一個(gè)新的分區(qū)o 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的空白的DOS分區(qū)表p 顯示磁盤當(dāng)前的分區(qū)表q 退出fdisk程序，不保存任何修改s 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的空白的Sun磁盤標(biāo)簽t 改變一個(gè)分區(qū)的系統(tǒng)ID，就是改變分區(qū)類型（比如把Linux Swap分區(qū)改為L(zhǎng)inux分區(qū)）u 改變顯示或輸入單位v 驗(yàn)證磁盤分區(qū)表w 將分區(qū)表寫入磁盤并退出（保存并退出）x 額外功能（專家級(jí)） |
(3).擴(kuò)展
sda和hda的區(qū)別
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sd代表的是SCSI，SATA接口硬盤hd代表IDE接口的硬盤sda和hda最后面的a都代表的是第一塊硬盤sda1和hda1則代表的是該硬盤的第一分區(qū) |
(4).實(shí)例
1）.使用-l選項(xiàng)，列出所有分區(qū)表
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/*盤/dev/sda:107.4G,107374182400字節(jié)（B）,255個(gè)磁頭，63個(gè)扇區(qū)，13054柱面（磁道）* 1單位=16065柱面（磁道）*512=8225280字節(jié)（B）* 扇區(qū)大?。ㄟ壿?物理）：512字節(jié)（B）/512字節(jié)（B）*輸入/輸出大?。ㄗ钚?最佳）：512字節(jié)（B）/512字節(jié)（B）*磁盤標(biāo)識(shí)：0x00079700*/Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00079700/*設(shè)備 啟動(dòng)標(biāo)識(shí) 開(kāi)始位置 結(jié)束位置 分區(qū)塊的大小 分區(qū)ID 系統(tǒng)（分區(qū)類型） * /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux* 分區(qū)1不以柱面邊界結(jié)束* /dev/sda2 64 13055 104344576 8e Linux LVM*/
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end
on
cylinder boundary./dev/sda2 64 13055 104344576 8e Linux LVMDisk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos6-lv_root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos6-lv_swap: 4194 MB, 4194304000 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 509 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos6-lv_home: 49.0 GB, 48964304896 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5952 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000 |
2）.使用-l和-u選項(xiàng)，用扇區(qū)編號(hào)取代柱面編號(hào)顯示所有分區(qū)表
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Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders, total 209715200 sectorsUnits = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00079700
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/sda2 1026048 209715199 104344576 8e Linux LVMDisk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders, total 41943040 sectorsUnits = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos6-lv_root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders, total 104857600 sectorsUnits = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos6-lv_swap: 4194 MB, 4194304000 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 509 cylinders, total 8192000 sectorsUnits = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos6-lv_home: 49.0 GB, 48964304896 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5952 cylinders, total 95633408 sectorsUnits = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000 |
3）.你們也看到了，我的/dev/sdb還沒(méi)有開(kāi)始使用，下面就用這個(gè)硬盤簡(jiǎn)單的演示下fdisk主要用到的操作菜單
1.在操作菜單下，創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的分區(qū)
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[root@CentOS6 桌面]# fdisk /dev/sdbDevice contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabelBuilding a
new
DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xe8517189.Changes will remain
in
memory only, until you decide to write them.After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected
by
w(rite)WARNING: DOS-compatible mode
is
deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch
off the mode (command
'c'
) and change display units to
sectors (command
'u'
).Command (m
for
help): nCommand action
e extended
//擴(kuò)展分區(qū)，創(chuàng)建擴(kuò)展分區(qū)會(huì)占用一個(gè)主分區(qū)，并且只有創(chuàng)建擴(kuò)展分區(qū)后才能創(chuàng)建邏輯分區(qū)
p primary partition (1-4)
//主分區(qū)，最多創(chuàng)建4個(gè)ePartition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-2610,
default
1):
//起始柱面，默認(rèn)為1Using
default
value 1Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610,
default
2610):
//終止柱面，默認(rèn)為最后一個(gè)數(shù)Using
default
value 2610Command (m
for
help): nCommand action
l logical (5 or over)
//邏輯分區(qū)
p primary partition (1-4)
//主分區(qū)lFirst cylinder (1-2610,
default
1): 1Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610,
default
2610): +10G
//終止柱面不僅可以用柱面數(shù)表示，還可以用+[數(shù)值][單位]的格式表示Command (m
for
help): nCommand action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)lFirst cylinder (1307-2610,
default
1307):Using
default
value 1307Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1307-2610,
default
2610):Using
default
value 2610Command (m
for
help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0xe8517189
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdb1 1 2610 20964793+ 5 Extended/dev/sdb5 1 1306 10490382 83 Linux/dev/sdb6 1307 2610 10474348+ 83 LinuxCommand (m
for
help): w
//寫入磁盤，保存并退出，否則之前的操作都無(wú)效。如果不想寫入磁盤就使用qThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks. |
2.在操作菜單下，刪除 一個(gè)分區(qū)
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[root@CentOS6 桌面]# fdisk /dev/sdbWARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0xe8517189
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdb1 1 2610 20964793+ 5 Extended/dev/sdb5 1 1306 10490382 83 Linux/dev/sdb6 1307 2610 10474348+ 83 LinuxCommand (m for help): dPartition number (1-6): 6 //這里輸入的始分區(qū)編號(hào)，如果刪除擴(kuò)展分區(qū)，那擴(kuò)展分區(qū)下的邏輯分區(qū)也會(huì)被刪除Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0xe8517189
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdb1 1 2610 20964793+ 5 Extended/dev/sdb5 1 1306 10490382 83 LinuxCommand (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks. |
3.在操作菜單下，修改分區(qū)類型
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WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').Command (m for help): tPartition number (1-5): 5 //操作哪一個(gè)分區(qū)Hex code (type L to list codes): L //這里會(huì)提示你使用L查看類型列表
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor 12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor 14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary 16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS 17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep 1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT 1e Hidden W95 FAT1Hex code (type L to list codes): bChanged system type of partition 5 to b (W95 FAT32)Command (m for help): p //可以看到由原來(lái)的Linux改成了W95 FAT32Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0xe8517189
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdb1 1 2610 20964793+ 5 Extended/dev/sdb5 1 1306 10490382 b W95 FAT32Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.WARNING: If you have created or modified any DOS 6.xpartitions, please see the fdisk manual page for additionalinformation.Syncing disks. |
4）.對(duì)正在使用的磁盤，再次進(jìn)行分區(qū)時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)以下提示
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WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 設(shè)備或資源忙.The kernel still uses the old table. The
new
table will be used atthe next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) |
注意此時(shí)分區(qū)并不會(huì)立刻生效，可以重啟系統(tǒng)，也可以使用提示的命令partprobe或kpartx。
下面展示完整情況內(nèi)容
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[root@xuexi ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb歡迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。更改將停留在內(nèi)存中，直到您決定將更改寫入磁盤。使用寫入命令前請(qǐng)三思。命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助)：n
//新建分區(qū)Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extendedSelect (
default
p): p
//創(chuàng)建主分區(qū)分區(qū)號(hào) (2-4，默認(rèn) 2)：起始 扇區(qū) (2099200-4194303，默認(rèn)為 2099200)：將使用默認(rèn)值 2099200Last 扇區(qū), +扇區(qū) or +size{K,M,G} (2099200-4194303，默認(rèn)為 4194303)：將使用默認(rèn)值 4194303分區(qū) 2 已設(shè)置為 Linux 類型，大小設(shè)為 1023 MiB命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助)：w
//寫入磁盤The partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 設(shè)備或資源忙.The kernel still uses the old table. The
new
table will be used atthe next reboot or after you run
partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)正在同步磁盤。[root@xuexi ~]# ls /dev/sdb*/dev/sdb /dev/sdb1[root@xuexi ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb
//通知操作系統(tǒng)分區(qū)表已更改[root@xuexi ~]# ls /dev/sdb*/dev/sdb /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 |
注意：能reboot重啟最好重啟，不行再使用命令更新
注意：其實(shí)partprobe是更新分區(qū)表，但kpartx其實(shí)是更新分區(qū)映射（涉及到了鏡像文件，例如.img文件），不過(guò)還有partx可以用來(lái)更新分區(qū)表（-a選項(xiàng)新增，-d選項(xiàng)刪除，-u選項(xiàng)更新（好像不能在刪除時(shí)使用））。
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