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成都創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)網(wǎng)站制作重慶分公司

Kubernetesv1.12/v1.13二進(jìn)制部署集群(HTTPS+RBAC)

官方提供的幾種Kubernetes部署方式

  • minikube

Minikube是一個工具,可以在本地快速運(yùn)行一個單點(diǎn)的Kubernetes,嘗試Kubernetes或日常開發(fā)的用戶使用。不能用于生產(chǎn)環(huán)境。

創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)服務(wù)項(xiàng)目包括凌云網(wǎng)站建設(shè)、凌云網(wǎng)站制作、凌云網(wǎng)頁制作以及凌云網(wǎng)絡(luò)營銷策劃等。多年來,我們專注于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)行業(yè),利用自身積累的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢、行業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)、深度合作伙伴關(guān)系等,向廣大中小型企業(yè)、政府機(jī)構(gòu)等提供互聯(lián)網(wǎng)行業(yè)的解決方案,凌云網(wǎng)站推廣取得了明顯的社會效益與經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。目前,我們服務(wù)的客戶以成都為中心已經(jīng)輻射到凌云省份的部分城市,未來相信會繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大服務(wù)區(qū)域并繼續(xù)獲得客戶的支持與信任!

官方地址:https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/minikube/

  • kubeadm

Kubeadm也是一個工具,提供kubeadm init和kubeadm join,用于快速部署Kubernetes集群。

官方地址:https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/

  • 二進(jìn)制包

從官方下載發(fā)行版的二進(jìn)制包,手動部署每個組件,組成Kubernetes集群。

小結(jié):
生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中部署Kubernetes集群,只有Kubeadm和二進(jìn)制包可選,Kubeadm降低部署門檻,但屏蔽了很多細(xì)節(jié),遇到問題很難排查。我們這里使用二進(jìn)制包部署Kubernetes集群,我也是推薦大家使用這種方式,雖然手動部署麻煩點(diǎn),但學(xué)習(xí)很多工作原理,更有利于后期維護(hù)。

軟件環(huán)境

軟件版本
操作系統(tǒng)CentOS7.5_x64
Docker18-ce
Kubernetes1.12

服務(wù)器角色

角色IP組件
k8s-master192.168.31.63kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler,etcd
k8s-node1192.168.31.65kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,flannel,etcd
k8s-node2192.168.31.66kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,flannel,etcd

Kubernetes v1.12/v1.13 二進(jìn)制部署集群(HTTPS+RBAC)
架構(gòu)圖

1. 部署Etcd集群

使用cfssl來生成自簽證書,先下載cfssl工具:

wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

1.1 生成證書

創(chuàng)建以下三個文件:

# cat ca-config.json
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "www": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

# cat ca-csr.json
{
    "CN": "etcd CA",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing"
        }
    ]
}

# cat server-csr.json
{
    "CN": "etcd",
    "hosts": [
    "192.168.31.63",
    "192.168.31.65",
    "192.168.31.66"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing"
        }
    ]
}

生成證書:

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
# ls *pem
ca-key.pem  ca.pem  server-key.pem  server.pem

證書這塊知道怎么生成、怎么用即可,建議暫時不必過多研究。

1.2 部署Etcd

二進(jìn)制包下載地址:https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/tag/v3.2.12

以下部署步驟在規(guī)劃的三個etcd節(jié)點(diǎn)操作一樣,唯一不同的是etcd配置文件中的服務(wù)器IP要寫當(dāng)前的:

解壓二進(jìn)制包:

# mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
# tar zxvf etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# mv etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/

創(chuàng)建etcd配置文件:

# cat /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd   
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd01"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.63:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.63:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.63:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.63:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.31.63:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.31.65:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.31.66:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
  • ETCD_NAME 節(jié)點(diǎn)名稱
  • ETCD_DATA_DIR 數(shù)據(jù)目錄
  • ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS 集群通信監(jiān)聽地址
  • ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS 客戶端訪問監(jiān)聽地址
  • ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS 集群通告地址
  • ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS 客戶端通告地址
  • ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER 集群節(jié)點(diǎn)地址
  • ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN 集群Token
  • ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE 加入集群的當(dāng)前狀態(tài),new是新集群,existing表示加入已有集群

systemd管理etcd:

# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service 
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--name=${ETCD_NAME} \
--data-dir=${ETCD_DATA_DIR} \
--listen-peer-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS} \
--listen-client-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS},http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls=${ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS} \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls=${ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS} \
--initial-cluster=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER} \
--initial-cluster-token=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN} \
--initial-cluster-state=new \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

把剛才生成的證書拷貝到配置文件中的位置:

# cp ca*pem server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl

啟動并設(shè)置開啟啟動:

# systemctl start etcd
# systemctl enable etcd

都部署完成后,檢查etcd集群狀態(tài):

# /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl \
--ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem \
--endpoints="https://192.168.31.63:2379,https://192.168.31.65:2379,https://192.168.31.66:2379" \
cluster-health
member 18218cfabd4e0dea is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.31.63:2379
member 541c1c40994c939b is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.31.65:2379
member a342ea2798d20705 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.31.66:2379
cluster is healthy

如果輸出上面信息,就說明集群部署成功。如果有問題第一步先看日志:/var/log/message 或 journalctl -u etcd

2. 在Node安裝Docker

# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
# yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# yum install docker-ce -y
# curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/daotools/set_mirror.sh | sh -s http://bc437cce.m.daocloud.io
# systemctl start docker
# systemctl enable docker

3. 部署Flannel網(wǎng)絡(luò)

工作原理:
Kubernetes v1.12/v1.13 二進(jìn)制部署集群(HTTPS+RBAC)

Falnnel要用etcd存儲自身一個子網(wǎng)信息,所以要保證能成功連接Etcd,寫入預(yù)定義子網(wǎng)段:

# /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl \
--ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem \
--endpoints="https://192.168.31.63:2379,https://192.168.31.65:2379,https://192.168.31.66:2379" \
set /coreos.com/network/config  '{ "Network": "172.17.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}'

以下部署步驟在規(guī)劃的每個node節(jié)點(diǎn)都操作。

下載二進(jìn)制包:

# wget https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases/download/v0.10.0/flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# tar zxvf flannel-v0.9.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# mv flanneld mk-docker-opts.sh /opt/kubernetes/bin

配置Flannel:

# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
FLANNEL_OPTIONS="--etcd-endpoints=https://192.168.31.63:2379,https://192.168.31.65:2379,https://192.168.31.66:2379 -etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem -etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem -etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"

systemd管理Flannel:

# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service
[Unit]
Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
After=network-online.target network.target
Before=docker.service

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/flanneld --ip-masq $FLANNEL_OPTIONS
ExecStartPost=/opt/kubernetes/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/subnet.env
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

配置Docker啟動指定子網(wǎng)段:

# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service 

[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/run/flannel/subnet.env
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

重啟flannel和docker:

# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl start flanneld
# systemctl enable flanneld
# systemctl restart docker

檢查是否生效:

# ps -ef |grep docker
root     20941     1  1 Jun28 ?        09:15:34 /usr/bin/dockerd --bip=172.17.34.1/24 --ip-masq=false --mtu=1450
# ip addr
3607: flannel.1:  mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/ether 8a:2e:3d:09:dd:82 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.34.0/32 scope global flannel.1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3608: docker0:  mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UP 
    link/ether 02:42:31:8f:d3:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.34.1/24 brd 172.17.34.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:31ff:fe8f:d302/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

確保docker0與flannel.1在同一網(wǎng)段。
測試不同節(jié)點(diǎn)互通,在當(dāng)前節(jié)點(diǎn)訪問另一個Node節(jié)點(diǎn)docker0 IP:

# ping 172.17.58.1
PING 172.17.58.1 (172.17.58.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.17.58.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.263 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.58.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.204 ms

如果能通說明Flannel部署成功。如果不通檢查下日志:journalctl -u flannel

4. 在Master節(jié)點(diǎn)部署組件

在部署Kubernetes之前一定要確保etcd、flannel、docker是正常工作的,否則先解決問題再繼續(xù)。

4.1 生成證書

創(chuàng)建CA證書:

# cat ca-config.json
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

# cat ca-csr.json
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}

# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

生成apiserver證書:

# cat server-csr.json
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
      "10.0.0.1",
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.31.63",
      "kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

生成kube-proxy證書:

# cat kube-proxy-csr.json
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}

# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

最終生成以下證書文件:

# ls *pem
ca-key.pem  ca.pem  kube-proxy-key.pem  kube-proxy.pem  server-key.pem  server.pem

4.2 部署apiserver組件

下載二進(jìn)制包:https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG-1.12.md
下載這個包(kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz)就夠了,包含了所需的所有組件。

# mkdir /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
# tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# cd kubernetes/server/bin
# cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager kubectl /opt/kubernetes/bin

創(chuàng)建token文件,用途后面會講到:

# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv
674c457d4dcf2eefe4920d7dbb6b0ddc,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"

第一列:隨機(jī)字符串,自己可生成
第二列:用戶名
第三列:UID
第四列:用戶組

創(chuàng)建apiserver配置文件:

# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver 

KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.31.63:2379,https://192.168.31.65:2379,https://192.168.31.66:2379 \
--bind-address=192.168.31.63 \
--secure-port=6443 \
--advertise-address=192.168.31.63 \
--allow-privileged=true \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \
--service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"

配置好前面生成的證書,確保能連接etcd。

參數(shù)說明:

  • --logtostderr 啟用日志
  • ---v 日志等級
  • --etcd-servers etcd集群地址
  • --bind-address 監(jiān)聽地址
  • --secure-port https安全端口
  • --advertise-address 集群通告地址
  • --allow-privileged 啟用授權(quán)
  • --service-cluster-ip-range Service虛擬IP地址段
  • --enable-admission-plugins 準(zhǔn)入控制模塊
  • --authorization-mode 認(rèn)證授權(quán),啟用RBAC授權(quán)和節(jié)點(diǎn)自管理
  • --enable-bootstrap-token-auth 啟用TLS bootstrap功能,后面會講到
  • --token-auth-file token文件
  • --service-node-port-range Service Node類型默認(rèn)分配端口范圍

systemd管理apiserver:

# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

啟動:

# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl enable kube-apiserver
# systemctl restart kube-apiserver

4.3 部署scheduler組件

創(chuàng)建schduler配置文件:

# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler 

KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--leader-elect"

參數(shù)說明:

  • --master 連接本地apiserver
  • --leader-elect 當(dāng)該組件啟動多個時,自動選舉(HA)

systemd管理schduler組件:

# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

啟動:

# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl enable kube-scheduler
# systemctl restart kube-scheduler

4.4 部署controller-manager組件

創(chuàng)建controller-manager配置文件:

# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager 
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--leader-elect=true \
--address=127.0.0.1 \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--cluster-name=kubernetes \
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem"

systemd管理controller-manager組件:

# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

啟動:

# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
# systemctl restart kube-controller-manager

所有組件都已經(jīng)啟動成功,通過kubectl工具查看當(dāng)前集群組件狀態(tài):

# /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl get cs
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
controller-manager   Healthy   ok

如上輸出說明組件都正常。

5. 在Node節(jié)點(diǎn)部署組件

Master apiserver啟用TLS認(rèn)證后,Node節(jié)點(diǎn)kubelet組件想要加入集群,必須使用CA簽發(fā)的有效證書才能與apiserver通信,當(dāng)Node節(jié)點(diǎn)很多時,簽署證書是一件很繁瑣的事情,因此有了TLS Bootstrapping機(jī)制,kubelet會以一個低權(quán)限用戶自動向apiserver申請證書,kubelet的證書由apiserver動態(tài)簽署。

認(rèn)證大致工作流程如圖所示:

Kubernetes v1.12/v1.13 二進(jìn)制部署集群(HTTPS+RBAC)

5.1 將kubelet-bootstrap用戶綁定到系統(tǒng)集群角色

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
  --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
  --user=kubelet-bootstrap

5.2 創(chuàng)建kubeconfig文件

在生成kubernetes證書的目錄下執(zhí)行以下命令生成kubeconfig文件:

# 創(chuàng)建kubelet bootstrapping kubeconfig 
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=674c457d4dcf2eefe4920d7dbb6b0ddc
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.31.63:6443"

# 設(shè)置集群參數(shù)
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

# 設(shè)置客戶端認(rèn)證參數(shù)
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
  --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

# 設(shè)置上下文參數(shù)
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kubelet-bootstrap \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

# 設(shè)置默認(rèn)上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

#----------------------

# 創(chuàng)建kube-proxy kubeconfig文件

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
  --client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-proxy \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
# ls
bootstrap.kubeconfig  kube-proxy.kubeconfig

將這兩個文件拷貝到Node節(jié)點(diǎn)/opt/kubernetes/cfg目錄下。

5.2 部署kubelet組件

將前面下載的二進(jìn)制包中的kubelet和kube-proxy拷貝到/opt/kubernetes/bin目錄下。

創(chuàng)建kubelet配置文件:

# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=192.168.31.65 \
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config \
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"

參數(shù)說明:

  • --hostname-override 在集群中顯示的主機(jī)名
  • --kubeconfig 指定kubeconfig文件位置,會自動生成
  • --bootstrap-kubeconfig 指定剛才生成的bootstrap.kubeconfig文件
  • --cert-dir 頒發(fā)證書存放位置
  • --pod-infra-container-image 管理Pod網(wǎng)絡(luò)的鏡像

其中/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config配置文件如下:

kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 192.168.31.65
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS: ["10.0.0.2"]
clusterDomain: cluster.local.
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: true 

systemd管理kubelet組件:

# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
KillMode=process

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

啟動:

# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl enable kubelet
# systemctl restart kubelet

在Master審批Node加入集群:

啟動后還沒加入到集群中,需要手動允許該節(jié)點(diǎn)才可以。
在Master節(jié)點(diǎn)查看請求簽名的Node:

# kubectl get csr
# kubectl certificate approve XXXXID
# kubectl get node

5.3 部署kube-proxy組件

創(chuàng)建kube-proxy配置文件:

# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=192.168.31.65 \
--cluster-cidr=10.0.0.0/24 \
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"

systemd管理kube-proxy組件:

# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy $KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

啟動:

# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl enable kube-proxy
# systemctl restart kube-proxy

Node2部署方式一樣。

6. 查看集群狀態(tài)

# kubectl get node
NAME             STATUS    ROLES     AGE       VERSION
192.168.31.65   Ready         1d       v1.12.0
192.168.31.66   Ready         1d       v1.12.0
# kubectl get cs
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}

7. 運(yùn)行一個測試示例

創(chuàng)建一個Nginx Web,測試集群是否正常工作:

# kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --replicas=3
# kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=88 --target-port=80 --type=NodePort

查看Pod,Service:

# kubectl get pods
NAME                     READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-64f497f8fd-fjgt2   1/1       Running   3          1d
nginx-64f497f8fd-gmstq   1/1       Running   3          1d
nginx-64f497f8fd-q6wk9   1/1       Running   3          1d
# kubectl get svc
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                        AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.0.0.1             443/TCP                        28d
nginx        NodePort    10.0.0.175           88:38696/TCP                   28d

訪問集群中部署的Nginx,打開瀏覽器輸入:http://192.168.31.66:38696

Kubernetes v1.12/v1.13 二進(jìn)制部署集群(HTTPS+RBAC)

免費(fèi)視頻版:https://ke.qq.com/course/366778

小結(jié)

  • 有問題先查日志,再谷歌
  • 多思考,多梳理邏輯
  • 配置文件較多,有很多字段你可能都不知道干啥,不要著急,隨著一步步使用,慢慢就熟悉了

若你在容器運(yùn)維中,遇到容器方面的問題,可以給我微信↓。同樣,若發(fā)現(xiàn)有任何紕漏,還請隨時指正,相互學(xué)習(xí),共同進(jìn)步!


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