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Android實現(xiàn)調(diào)用攝像頭進行拍照功能

現(xiàn)在Android智能手機的像素都會提供照相的功能，大部分的手機的攝像頭的像素都在1000萬以上的像素，有的甚至?xí)?。它們大多都會支持光學(xué)變焦、曝光以及快門等等。

讓客戶滿意是我們工作的目標(biāo)，不斷超越客戶的期望值來自于我們對這個行業(yè)的熱愛。我們立志把好的技術(shù)通過有效、簡單的方式提供給客戶，將通過不懈努力成為客戶在信息化領(lǐng)域值得信任、有價值的長期合作伙伴，公司提供的服務(wù)項目有：國際域名空間、網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間、營銷軟件、網(wǎng)站建設(shè)、鷹手營子網(wǎng)站維護、網(wǎng)站推廣。

下面的程序Demo實例示范了使用Camera v2來進行拍照，當(dāng)用戶按下拍照鍵時，該應(yīng)用會自動對焦，當(dāng)對焦成功時拍下照片。

layout/activity_main.xml界面布局代碼如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

上面的程序的界面提供了一個自定義TextureView來顯示預(yù)覽取景，十分簡單。該自定義TextureView類的代碼如下：

AutoFitTextureView.java邏輯代碼如下：

package com.fukaimei.camerav2test;

import android.content.Context;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.TextureView;

/**
 * Created by FuKaimei on 2017/9/29.
 */

public class AutoFitTextureView extends TextureView {

 private int mRatioWidth = 0;
 private int mRatioHeight = 0;

 public AutoFitTextureView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
  super(context, attrs);
 }

 public void setAspectRatio(int width, int height) {
  mRatioWidth = width;
  mRatioHeight = height;
  requestLayout();
 }

 @Override
 protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
  super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
  int width = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
  int height = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
  if (0 == mRatioWidth || 0 == mRatioHeight) {
   setMeasuredDimension(width, height);
  } else {
   if (width < height * mRatioWidth / mRatioHeight) {
    setMeasuredDimension(width, width * mRatioHeight / mRatioWidth);
   } else {
    setMeasuredDimension(height * mRatioWidth / mRatioHeight, height);
   }
  }
 }
}

接來了的MainActivity.java程序?qū)褂肅ameraManager來打開CameraDevice，并通過CameraDevice創(chuàng)建CameraCaptureSession，然后即可通過CameraCaptureSession進行預(yù)覽或拍照了。

MainActivity.java邏輯代碼如下：

package com.fukaimei.camerav2test;

import android.Manifest;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.content.res.Configuration;
import android.graphics.ImageFormat;
import android.graphics.SurfaceTexture;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraAccessException;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraCaptureSession;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraCharacteristics;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraDevice;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraManager;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraMetadata;
import android.hardware.camera2.CaptureRequest;
import android.hardware.camera2.TotalCaptureResult;
import android.hardware.camera2.params.StreamConfigurationMap;
import android.media.Image;
import android.media.ImageReader;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.RequiresApi;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.util.Log;
import android.util.Size;
import android.util.SparseIntArray;
import android.view.Surface;
import android.view.TextureView;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;

@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener {

 private static final SparseIntArray ORIENTATIONS = new SparseIntArray();
 private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";

 static {
  ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_0, 90);
  ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_90, 0);
  ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_180, 270);
  ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_270, 180);
 }

 private AutoFitTextureView textureView;
 // 攝像頭ID（通常0代表后置攝像頭，1代表前置攝像頭）
 private String mCameraId = "0";
 // 定義代表攝像頭的成員變量
 private CameraDevice cameraDevice;
 // 預(yù)覽尺寸
 private Size previewSize;
 private CaptureRequest.Builder previewRequestBuilder;
 // 定義用于預(yù)覽照片的捕獲請求
 private CaptureRequest previewRequest;
 // 定義CameraCaptureSession成員變量
 private CameraCaptureSession captureSession;
 private ImageReader imageReader;
 private final TextureView.SurfaceTextureListener mSurfaceTextureListener
   = new TextureView.SurfaceTextureListener() {
  @Override
  public void onSurfaceTextureAvailable(SurfaceTexture texture
    , int width, int height) {
   // 當(dāng)TextureView可用時，打開攝像頭
   openCamera(width, height);
  }

  @Override
  public void onSurfaceTextureSizeChanged(SurfaceTexture texture
    , int width, int height) {
  }

  @Override
  public boolean onSurfaceTextureDestroyed(SurfaceTexture texture) {
   return true;
  }

  @Override
  public void onSurfaceTextureUpdated(SurfaceTexture texture) {
  }
 };
 private final CameraDevice.StateCallback stateCallback = new CameraDevice.StateCallback() {
  // 攝像頭被打開時激發(fā)該方法
  @Override
  public void onOpened(CameraDevice cameraDevice) {
   MainActivity.this.cameraDevice = cameraDevice;
   // 開始預(yù)覽
   createCameraPreviewSession(); // ②
  }

  // 攝像頭斷開連接時激發(fā)該方法
  @Override
  public void onDisconnected(CameraDevice cameraDevice) {
   cameraDevice.close();
   MainActivity.this.cameraDevice = null;
  }

  // 打開攝像頭出現(xiàn)錯誤時激發(fā)該方法
  @Override
  public void onError(CameraDevice cameraDevice, int error) {
   cameraDevice.close();
   MainActivity.this.cameraDevice = null;
   MainActivity.this.finish();
  }
 };

 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
  textureView = (AutoFitTextureView) findViewById(R.id.texture);
  // 為該組件設(shè)置監(jiān)聽器
  textureView.setSurfaceTextureListener(mSurfaceTextureListener);
  findViewById(R.id.capture).setOnClickListener(this);
 }

 @Override
 public void onClick(View view) {
  captureStillPicture();
 }

 private void captureStillPicture() {
  try {
   if (cameraDevice == null) {
    return;
   }
   // 創(chuàng)建作為拍照的CaptureRequest.Builder
   final CaptureRequest.Builder captureRequestBuilder =
     cameraDevice.createCaptureRequest(CameraDevice.TEMPLATE_STILL_CAPTURE);
   // 將imageReader的surface作為CaptureRequest.Builder的目標(biāo)
   captureRequestBuilder.addTarget(imageReader.getSurface());
   // 設(shè)置自動對焦模式
   captureRequestBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AF_MODE,
     CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AF_MODE_CONTINUOUS_PICTURE);
   // 設(shè)置自動曝光模式
   captureRequestBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AE_MODE,
     CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AE_MODE_ON_AUTO_FLASH);
   // 獲取設(shè)備方向
   int rotation = getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getRotation();
   // 根據(jù)設(shè)備方向計算設(shè)置照片的方向
   captureRequestBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.JPEG_ORIENTATION
     , ORIENTATIONS.get(rotation));
   // 停止連續(xù)取景
   captureSession.stopRepeating();
   // 捕獲靜態(tài)圖像
   captureSession.capture(captureRequestBuilder.build()
     , new CameraCaptureSession.CaptureCallback() // ⑤
     {
      // 拍照完成時激發(fā)該方法
      @Override
      public void onCaptureCompleted(CameraCaptureSession session
        , CaptureRequest request, TotalCaptureResult result) {
       try {
        // 重設(shè)自動對焦模式
        previewRequestBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER,
          CameraMetadata.CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER_CANCEL);
        // 設(shè)置自動曝光模式
        previewRequestBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AE_MODE,
          CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AE_MODE_ON_AUTO_FLASH);
        // 打開連續(xù)取景模式
        captureSession.setRepeatingRequest(previewRequest, null,
          null);
       } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
       }
      }
     }, null);
  } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
 }

 // 打開攝像頭
 private void openCamera(int width, int height) {
  setUpCameraOutputs(width, height);
  CameraManager manager = (CameraManager) getSystemService(Context.CAMERA_SERVICE);
  try {
   // 打開攝像頭
   if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
    // TODO: Consider calling
    // ActivityCompat#requestPermissions
    // here to request the missing permissions, and then overriding
    // public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions,
    //           int[] grantResults)
    // to handle the case where the user grants the permission. See the documentation
    // for ActivityCompat#requestPermissions for more details.
    return;
   }
   manager.openCamera(mCameraId, stateCallback, null); // ①
  } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
 }

 private void createCameraPreviewSession() {
  try {
   SurfaceTexture texture = textureView.getSurfaceTexture();
   texture.setDefaultBufferSize(previewSize.getWidth(), previewSize.getHeight());
   Surface surface = new Surface(texture);
   // 創(chuàng)建作為預(yù)覽的CaptureRequest.Builder
   previewRequestBuilder = cameraDevice
     .createCaptureRequest(CameraDevice.TEMPLATE_PREVIEW);
   // 將textureView的surface作為CaptureRequest.Builder的目標(biāo)
   previewRequestBuilder.addTarget(new Surface(texture));
   // 創(chuàng)建CameraCaptureSession，該對象負責(zé)管理處理預(yù)覽請求和拍照請求
   cameraDevice.createCaptureSession(Arrays.asList(surface
     , imageReader.getSurface()), new CameraCaptureSession.StateCallback() // ③
     {
      @Override
      public void onConfigured(CameraCaptureSession cameraCaptureSession) {
       // 如果攝像頭為null，直接結(jié)束方法
       if (null == cameraDevice) {
        return;
       }

       // 當(dāng)攝像頭已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好時，開始顯示預(yù)覽
       captureSession = cameraCaptureSession;
       try {
        // 設(shè)置自動對焦模式
        previewRequestBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AF_MODE,
          CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AF_MODE_CONTINUOUS_PICTURE);
        // 設(shè)置自動曝光模式
        previewRequestBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AE_MODE,
          CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AE_MODE_ON_AUTO_FLASH);
        // 開始顯示相機預(yù)覽
        previewRequest = previewRequestBuilder.build();
        // 設(shè)置預(yù)覽時連續(xù)捕獲圖像數(shù)據(jù)
        captureSession.setRepeatingRequest(previewRequest,
          null, null); // ④
       } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
       }
      }

      @Override
      public void onConfigureFailed(CameraCaptureSession cameraCaptureSession) {
       Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "配置失敗！"
         , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
      }
     }, null
   );
  } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
 }

 private void setUpCameraOutputs(int width, int height) {
  CameraManager manager = (CameraManager) getSystemService(Context.CAMERA_SERVICE);
  try {
   // 獲取指定攝像頭的特性
   CameraCharacteristics characteristics
     = manager.getCameraCharacteristics(mCameraId);
   // 獲取攝像頭支持的配置屬性
   StreamConfigurationMap map = characteristics.get(
     CameraCharacteristics.SCALER_STREAM_CONFIGURATION_MAP);

   // 獲取攝像頭支持的最大尺寸
   Size largest = Collections.max(
     Arrays.asList(map.getOutputSizes(ImageFormat.JPEG)),
     new CompareSizesByArea());
   // 創(chuàng)建一個ImageReader對象，用于獲取攝像頭的圖像數(shù)據(jù)
   imageReader = ImageReader.newInstance(largest.getWidth(), largest.getHeight(),
     ImageFormat.JPEG, 2);
   imageReader.setOnImageAvailableListener(
     new ImageReader.OnImageAvailableListener() {
      // 當(dāng)照片數(shù)據(jù)可用時激發(fā)該方法
      @Override
      public void onImageAvailable(ImageReader reader) {
       // 獲取捕獲的照片數(shù)據(jù)
       Image image = reader.acquireNextImage();
       ByteBuffer buffer = image.getPlanes()[0].getBuffer();
       byte[] bytes = new byte[buffer.remaining()];
       // 使用IO流將照片寫入指定文件
       File file = new File(getExternalFilesDir(null), "pic.jpg");
       buffer.get(bytes);
       try (
         FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(file)) {
        output.write(bytes);
        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "保存: " + file, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
       } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
       } finally {
        image.close();
       }
      }
     }, null);

   // 獲取最佳的預(yù)覽尺寸
   previewSize = chooseOptimalSize(map.getOutputSizes(
     SurfaceTexture.class), width, height, largest);
   // 根據(jù)選中的預(yù)覽尺寸來調(diào)整預(yù)覽組件（TextureView的）的長寬比
   int orientation = getResources().getConfiguration().orientation;
   if (orientation == Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE) {
    textureView.setAspectRatio(
      previewSize.getWidth(), previewSize.getHeight());
   } else {
    textureView.setAspectRatio(
      previewSize.getHeight(), previewSize.getWidth());
   }
  } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
  } catch (NullPointerException e) {
   Log.d(TAG, "出現(xiàn)錯誤");
  }
 }

 private static Size chooseOptimalSize(Size[] choices
   , int width, int height, Size aspectRatio) {
  // 收集攝像頭支持的打過預(yù)覽Surface的分辨率
  List bigEnough = new ArrayList<>();
  int w = aspectRatio.getWidth();
  int h = aspectRatio.getHeight();
  for (Size option : choices) {
   if (option.getHeight() == option.getWidth() * h / w &&
     option.getWidth() >= width && option.getHeight() >= height) {
    bigEnough.add(option);
   }
  }
  // 如果找到多個預(yù)覽尺寸，獲取其中面積最小的。
  if (bigEnough.size() > 0) {
   return Collections.min(bigEnough, new CompareSizesByArea());
  } else {
   System.out.println("找不到合適的預(yù)覽尺寸！??！");
   return choices[0];
  }
 }

 // 為Size定義一個比較器Comparator
 static class CompareSizesByArea implements Comparator {
  @Override
  public int compare(Size lhs, Size rhs) {
   // 強轉(zhuǎn)為long保證不會發(fā)生溢出
   return Long.signum((long) lhs.getWidth() * lhs.getHeight() -
     (long) rhs.getWidth() * rhs.getHeight());
  }
 }
}

上面的程序中序號①的代碼是用于打開系統(tǒng)攝像頭，openCamera()方法的第一個參數(shù)代表請求打開的攝像頭ID，此處傳入的攝像頭ID為“0”，這代表打開設(shè)備后置攝像頭；如果需要打開設(shè)備指定攝像頭（比如前置攝像頭），可以在調(diào)用openCamera()方法時傳入相應(yīng)的攝像頭ID。

注意：由于該程序需要使用手機的攝像頭，因此還需要在清單文件AndroidManifest.xml文件中授權(quán)相應(yīng)的權(quán)限：

Demo程序運行效果界面截圖如下：

Android實現(xiàn)調(diào)用攝像頭進行拍照功能

Demo程序源碼下載地址

以上就是本文的全部內(nèi)容，希望對大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)。


新聞名稱：Android實現(xiàn)調(diào)用攝像頭進行拍照功能
文章轉(zhuǎn)載：http://weahome.cn/article/iipdpj.html

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