理論學習
在興國等地區(qū),都構(gòu)建了全面的區(qū)域性戰(zhàn)略布局,加強發(fā)展的系統(tǒng)性、市場前瞻性、產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新能力,以專注、極致的服務理念,為客戶提供成都做網(wǎng)站、網(wǎng)站制作 網(wǎng)站設計制作定制網(wǎng)站開發(fā),公司網(wǎng)站建設,企業(yè)網(wǎng)站建設,品牌網(wǎng)站制作,網(wǎng)絡營銷推廣,成都外貿(mào)網(wǎng)站建設公司,興國網(wǎng)站建設費用合理。
問題1:EIGRP的特點?
EIGRP是一種內(nèi)部網(wǎng)關協(xié)議,用在自制系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)部執(zhí)行路由功能,為無類路由協(xié)議,性質(zhì)為高級距離矢量路由協(xié)議
與運行EIGRP的路由器之間通過發(fā)送Hello包形成鄰居關系后交換路由信息。
運行EIGRP的路由器儲存所有與其相鄰路由器的路由表信息
EIGRP采用組播和單播的更新方式,只有在路由器改變計量標準或拓撲發(fā)生變化的情況下進行路由更新
支持可變長子網(wǎng)掩碼和不連續(xù)的子網(wǎng),支持路由自動匯總,支持多種網(wǎng)絡層協(xié)議還支持IPX,AppleTake等
在運行EIGRP的路由器內(nèi)部,有一個鄰居路由表,一個拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)表和一個路由表。
使用DUAL算法,具有很好的路由收斂特性。
支持任意負載均衡。
問題2:EIGRP的運行過程?
建立相鄰關系
發(fā)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡拓撲,選擇最短路由
路由查詢、更新
問題3:EIGRP與RIP的區(qū)別?
EIGRP是思科專有的,而RIP是通用的協(xié)議
EIGRP是高級距離矢量協(xié)議 RIP是距離矢量協(xié)議
工作任務實施
1.網(wǎng)絡拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)設計
1. 設備配置命令(各個路由器分別配置)
R1
R1(config)#in
R1(config)#interface f0/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shu
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#exi
R1(config)#in
R1(config)#interface f0/1
R1(config-if)#ip add 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.252
R1(config-if)#no shu
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R1(config)#router eigrp 10
R1(config-router)#no auto-summary
R1(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.3
R1(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
CNC
CNC(config)#in
CNC(config)#interface f0/0
CNC(config-if)#ip add 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.252
CNC(config-if)#no shu
CNC(config-if)#no shutdown
CNC(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
CNC(config-if)#ex
CNC(config)#in
CNC(config)#interface f0/1
CNC(config-if)#ip add 172.16.1.5 255.255.255.252
CNC(config-if)#no shu
CNC(config-if)#no shutdown
CNC(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
CNC(config)#router eigrp 10
CNC(config-router)#no a
CNC(config-router)#no auto-summary
CNC(config-router)#ne
CNC(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.3
CNC(config-router)#
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP 10: Neighbor 172.16.1.1 (FastEthernet0/0) is up: new adjacency
CNC(config-router)#network 172.16.1.4 0.0.0.3
R2
R2(config)#in
R2(config)#interface f0/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 172.16.1.6 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#no shu
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ex
R2(config)#in
R2(config)#interface f0/1
R2(config-if)#ip add 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shu
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R2(config)#rou
R2(config)#router e
R2(config)#router eigrp 10
R2(config-router)#no a
R2(config-router)#no auto-summary
R2(config-router)#ne
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.1.4 0.0.0.3
R2(config-router)#
%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP 10: Neighbor 172.16.1.5 (FastEthernet0/0) is up: new adjacency
R2(config-router)#ne
R2(config-router)#network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255
1. 單段測試結(jié)果
PC1
PC>ping 10.1.1.1
Pinging 10.1.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
Reply from 10.1.1.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255
Ping statistics for 10.1.1.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
PC2
PC>PING 10.1.2.1
Pinging 10.1.2.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 10.1.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
Reply from 10.1.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
Reply from 10.1.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
Reply from 10.1.2.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255
Ping statistics for 10.1.2.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
1. 綜合測試結(jié)果
PC1
PC>ping 10.1.2.2
Pinging 10.1.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 10.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125
Reply from 10.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125
Reply from 10.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
Reply from 10.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125
Ping statistics for 10.1.2.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
PC2
PC>PING 10.1.1.2
Pinging 10.1.1.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
Reply from 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
Reply from 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
Reply from 10.1.1.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125
Ping statistics for 10.1.1.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
2. 查看各個路由器的路由
R1
R1#SHOW IP ROUTE
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D 10.1.2.0 [90/33280] via 172.16.1.2, 00:03:27, FastEthernet0/1
172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
D 172.16.1.4 [90/30720] via 172.16.1.2, 00:04:48, FastEthernet0/1
CNC
CNC#SHOW IP ROUTE
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
D 10.1.1.0 [90/30720] via 172.16.1.1, 00:06:52, FastEthernet0/0
D 10.1.2.0 [90/30720] via 172.16.1.6, 00:03:55, FastEthernet0/1
172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 172.16.1.4 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
R2
R2#SHOW IP ROUTE
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
D 10.1.1.0 [90/33280] via 172.16.1.5, 00:05:47, FastEthernet0/0
C 10.1.2.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets
D 172.16.1.0 [90/30720] via 172.16.1.5, 00:05:47, FastEthernet0/0
C 172.16.1.4 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
3. 查看EIGRP的相關信息。
R1
R1#show ip protocol
Routing Protocol is "eigrp 10 "
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
EIGRP maximum hopcount 100
EIGRP maximum metric variance 1
redistributing: eigrp 10
Automatic network summarization is not in effect
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
172.16.1.0/30
10.1.1.0/24
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
172.16.1.2 90 346181
Distance: internal 90 external 170
CNC
CNC#show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "eigrp 10 "
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
EIGRP maximum hopcount 100
EIGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing: eigrp 10
Automatic network summarization is not in effect
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
172.16.1.0/30
172.16.1.4/30
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
172.16.1.1 90 339203
172.16.1.6 90 475312
Distance: internal 90 external 170
R2
R2#show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "eigrp 10 "
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
EIGRP maximum hopcount 100
EIGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing: eigrp 10
Automatic network summarization is not in effect
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
172.16.1.4/30
10.1.2.0/24
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
172.16.1.5 90 474044
Distance: internal 90 external 170
工作擴展
基于教材176頁擴展任務要求學習使用路由接口代替真實接口的配置
(1) 拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)圖
(1) 各個路由器的主要配置命令
R1
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.252
duplex auto
speed auto
!
router eigrp 10
network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.3
network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
no auto-summary
!
ip classless
CNC
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.252
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 172.16.1.5 255.255.255.252
duplex auto
speed auto
!
router eigrp 10
network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.3
network 172.16.1.4 0.0.0.3
no auto-summary
!
ip classless
!
R2
interface Loopback1
ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.240
!
interface Loopback2
ip address 10.1.2.17 255.255.255.240
!
interface Loopback3
ip address 10.1.2.33 255.255.255.240
!
interface Loopback4
ip address 10.1.2.49 255.255.255.240
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 172.16.1.6 255.255.255.252
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
shutdown
!
router eigrp 10
network 172.16.1.4 0.0.0.3
network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.15
network 10.1.2.16 0.0.0.15
network 10.1.2.32 0.0.0.15
network 10.1.2.48 0.0.0.15
no auto-summary
!
ip classless
(2) 分析各個路由器的路由
R1
Router#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks
C 10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D 10.1.2.0/28 [90/158720] via 172.16.1.2, 00:18:02, FastEthernet0/1
D 10.1.2.16/28 [90/158720] via 172.16.1.2, 00:18:02, FastEthernet0/1
D 10.1.2.32/28 [90/158720] via 172.16.1.2, 00:18:02, FastEthernet0/1
D 10.1.2.48/28 [90/158720] via 172.16.1.2, 00:18:02, FastEthernet0/1
172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
D 172.16.1.4 [90/30720] via 172.16.1.2, 00:18:03, FastEthernet0/1
CNC
Router#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks
D 10.1.1.0/24 [90/30720] via 172.16.1.1, 00:18:43, FastEthernet0/0
D 10.1.2.0/28 [90/156160] via 172.16.1.6, 00:18:31, FastEthernet0/1
D 10.1.2.16/28 [90/156160] via 172.16.1.6, 00:18:31, FastEthernet0/1
D 10.1.2.32/28 [90/156160] via 172.16.1.6, 00:18:31, FastEthernet0/1
D 10.1.2.48/28 [90/156160] via 172.16.1.6, 00:18:31, FastEthernet0/1
172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 172.16.1.4 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
R2
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks
D 10.1.1.0/24 [90/33280] via 172.16.1.5, 00:18:56, FastEthernet0/0
C 10.1.2.0/28 is directly connected, Loopback1
C 10.1.2.16/28 is directly connected, Loopback2
C 10.1.2.32/28 is directly connected, Loopback3
C 10.1.2.48/28 is directly connected, Loopback4
172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets
D 172.16.1.0 [90/30720] via 172.16.1.5, 00:18:56, FastEthernet0/0
C 172.16.1.4 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
思考問題:
問題1:自動匯總和手動匯總的區(qū)別?
自動方式:當路由中存在多個交叉的小分類網(wǎng)絡邊界時自動把這些路由匯總成一個大的分類網(wǎng)絡邊界(這是通過匯總子網(wǎng)地址前綴來實現(xiàn)的)。自動匯總功能是默認啟用的。
手動方式:在指定接口上通告一個匯總本地IP地址池,這個匯總IP地址池可以供撥號客戶端。