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確定當(dāng)前MYSQL版本對應(yīng)各種操作系統(tǒng) 平臺(tái)是否支持。
? 官方網(wǎng)站
?
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mirrors.html
.
? 進(jìn)入后可以選擇對應(yīng)的版本
NOTE:
tar.gz tar.xz 為二進(jìn)制安裝。
RPM 為rpm 安裝包。
deb 為 deband linux 安裝包.
PKG 為mac 文件安裝包。
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/
? 源碼現(xiàn)目前在GIT 上托管。
LINUX AND WINDOWS MD5 驗(yàn)證
shell> md5sum mysql-standard-8.0.13-linux-i686.tar.gz aaab65abbec64d5e907dcd41b8699945 mysql-standard-8.0.13-linux-i686.tar.gz
shell> md5.exe mysql-installer-community-8.0.13.msi aaab65abbec64d5e907dcd41b8699945 mysql-installer-community-8.0.13.msi
RPM 包驗(yàn)證
shell> rpm --checksig MySQL-server-8.0.13-0.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm MySQL-server-8.0.13-0.linux_glibc2.5.i386.rpm: md5 gpg OK
NOTE:
使用二進(jìn)制安裝這種模式不同于yum 安裝自動(dòng)分析相關(guān)依賴包。必須首先移除mariadb或者以前的安裝過mysql 的配置文件。例如/etc/my.conf.
卸載mariadb
shell> yum remove mariadb*
安裝依賴包
shell> yum search libaio # search for info shell> yum install libaio # install library
shell> groupadd mysql shell> useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
shell> cd /usr/local shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz shell> gunzip < /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz | tar xvf -
shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
shell> export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
shell> cd mysql shell> mkdir mysql-files shell> chown mysql:mysql mysql-files shell> chmod 750 mysql-files
shell> bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
shell> bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql shell> bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql
NOTE:
兩種初始化方式第一種必須強(qiáng)制使用密碼登錄
第二種方式可以使用跳過密碼shell> mysql -u root --skip-password
然后更改對應(yīng)密碼mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password';
在mysql 8.0 默認(rèn)加密的密碼已經(jīng)改了。現(xiàn)在默認(rèn)使用caching_sha2_password 加密方式。
如果還需使用默認(rèn)的mysql_native_password 加密方式的話使用默認(rèn) 模式。
初始化的時(shí)候,默認(rèn)路徑為/usr/local/mysql
如果要改變安裝目錄使用以下目錄:
shell> bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/mysql/data
配置文件
[mysqld] basedir=/opt/mysql/mysql datadir=/opt/mysql/mysql/data
使用配置文件指定位置:
范例
shell> bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql \ --basedir=/app/mysql \ --datadir=/app/mysql/mysql-files
輸出日志:
[root @mysql1 mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql \ > --basedir=/app/mysql \ > --datadir=/app/mysql/mysql-files 2018-09-28T16:18:32.178288Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /app/mysql-commercial-8.0.12-el7-x86_64/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.12-commercial) initializing of server in progress as process 5328 2018-09-28T16:18:46.268910Z 5 [Warning] [MY-010453] [Server] root @localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option. 2018-09-28T16:18:57.082553Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] /app/mysql-commercial-8.0.12-el7-x86_64/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.12-commercial) initializing of server has completed
Format | Description |
---|---|
—datadir | Path to data directory |
—help | Display help message and exit |
—suffix | Suffix for X509 certificate Common Name attribute |
—uid | Name of effective user to use for file permissions |
—verbose | Verbose mode |
—version | Display version information and exit |
shell> bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/app/mysql/mysql-files/
———————————到此安裝完畢—————————————————-
a. 去下載MySQL 的repo 文件: http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm
b. 選擇對應(yīng)操作系統(tǒng)版本的
c. 本地安裝
shell> sudo yum localinstall platform-and-version-specific-package-name.rpm
EL6-based system
shell> sudo yum localinstall mysql80013-community-release-el6-{version-number}.noarch.rpm
EL7-based system:
shell> sudo yum localinstall mysql80013-community-release-el7-{version-number}.noarch.rpm
Fedora 28:
shell> sudo dnf localinstall mysql80013-community-release-fc28-{version-number}.noarch.rpm
Fedora 27:
shell> sudo dnf localinstall mysql80013-community-release-fc27-{version-number}.noarch.rpm
范例:
yum localinstall mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm
查看已經(jīng)啟用MySQL 源
yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
啟用集群安裝
mysql-cluster
查看所有mysql 有關(guān)的安裝源
shell> yum repolist all | grep mysql
開啟對應(yīng)安裝yum源
shell> sudo yum-config-manager --disable mysql57-community shell> sudo yum-config-manager --enable mysql80-community
例如:
開啟集群
shell> sudo yum-config-manager --enable mysql-cluster-7.6-community
安裝MYSQL
yum install mysql-community-server
說明:
由于企業(yè)版只提供二進(jìn)制和RPM 包方式。。不提供YUM 安裝方式。
以下是各個(gè)RPM 包的含義:
Package Name | Summary |
---|---|
mysql-commercial-backup | MySQL Enterprise Backup (added in 8.0.11) |
mysql-commercial-client | MySQL client applications and tools |
mysql-commercial-common | Common files for server and client libraries |
mysql-commercial-devel | Development header files and libraries for MySQL database client applications |
mysql-commercial-embedded-compat | MySQL server as an embedded library with compatibility for applications using version 18 of the library |
mysql-commercial-libs | Shared libraries for MySQL database client applications |
mysql-commercial-libs-compat | Shared compatibility libraries for previous MySQL installations; the version of the libraries matches the version of the libraries installed by default by the distribution you are using |
mysql-commercial-minimal-debuginfo | Debug information for package mysql-commercial-server-minimal; useful when developing applications that use this package or when debugging this package |
mysql-commercial-server | Database server and related tools |
mysql-commercial-server-minimal | Minimal installation of the database server and related tools (added in 8.0.0) |
mysql-commercial-test | Test suite for the MySQL server |
下載對應(yīng)版本的RPM 包進(jìn)行解壓
[root @mysql3 ~]# unzip V979091-01.zip Archive: V979091-01.zip extracting: mysql-commercial-libs-8.0.12-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm extracting: mysql-commercial-embedded-compat-8.0.12-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm extracting: mysql-commercial-test-8.0.12-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm extracting: mysql-commercial-server-8.0.12-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm extracting: mysql-commercial-server-minimal-8.0.12-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm extracting: mysql-commercial-minimal-debuginfo-8.0.12-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm extracting: mysql-commercial-devel-8.0.12-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm extracting: mysql-commercial-client-8.0.12-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm extracting: mysql-commercial-libs-compat-8.0.12-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm extracting: mysql-commercial-common-8.0.12-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm extracting: mysql-commercial-backup-8.0.12-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm extracting: README.txt
批量自動(dòng)安裝:自動(dòng)解決依賴包。使用此命令時(shí)注意不要和server_mini 混用。
yum install mysql-commercial-*
簡易服務(wù)端
sudo yum install mysql-community-{server,client,common,libs}-*
簡易客戶端
yum install mysql-community-{client,common,libs}-*
目錄分布
Files or Resources | Location |
---|---|
Client programs and scripts | /usr/bin |
mysqld server | /usr/sbin |
Configuration file | /etc/my.cnf |
Data directory | /var/lib/mysql |
Error log file | For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: /var/log/mysqld.logFor SLES: /var/log/mysql/mysqld.log |
Value of secure_file_priv | /var/lib/mysql-files |
System V init script | For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: /etc/init.d/mysqldFor SLES: /etc/init.d/mysql |
Systemd service | For RHEL, Oracle Linux, CentOS or Fedora platforms: mysqldFor SLES: mysql |
Pid file | /var/run/mysql/mysqld.pid |
Socket | /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock |
Keyring directory | /var/lib/mysql-keyring |
Unix manual pages | /usr/share/man |
Include (header) files | /usr/include/mysql |
Libraries | /usr/lib/mysql |
Miscellaneous support files (for example, error messages, and character set files) | /usr/share/mysql |
列出開啟yum 中所有相關(guān)的安裝包。,包括未enable 中的源
例如主機(jī)上要連接低版本客戶端。則需要安裝低版本客戶端如下:
rpm --oldpackage -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.5.50-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
安裝其他軟件:到官網(wǎng)下載對應(yīng)版本安裝。
6. 啟動(dòng)和關(guān)閉
6.1. 使用二進(jìn)制安裝
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & # 6. Next command is optional6.1.1. 拷貝自啟動(dòng)文件
shell> cp /app/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/6.1.2. 編輯my.cnf 文件
basedir=/app/mysql datadir=/app/mysql/mysql-files6.1.3. 重載啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目
systemctl daemon-reload6.1.4. 查看是否啟動(dòng)MySQL
systemctl status mysql6.1.5. 開機(jī)自啟動(dòng)
NOTE:
由于使用二進(jìn)制安裝,則需要配置chkconfig 。RPM 包不需要chkconfig --add mysql.server chkconfig mysql.server on6.2. 使用yum 源安裝
6.2.1. 啟動(dòng)MySQL
service mysqld start systemctl start mysqld6.2.2. 查看是否啟動(dòng)MySQL
systemctl status mysqld6.2.3. 開機(jī)自啟動(dòng)
systemctl enable mysqld systemctl disable mysqld6.3. 使用RPM 包安裝
6.3.1. 啟動(dòng)MySQL
service mysqld start systemctl start mysqld6.3.2. 查看是否啟動(dòng)MySQL
systemctl status mysqld6.3.3. 開機(jī)自啟動(dòng)
systemctl enable mysqld systemctl disable mysqld7. MySQL 啟動(dòng)后診斷
7.1. 查看日志
tail host_name.err7.2. 選擇驅(qū)動(dòng)
默認(rèn)為InnoDB
7.3. 確認(rèn)數(shù)據(jù)文件位置是否合適
7.4. 查看所有配置參數(shù)和所有的環(huán)境變量
mysqld --basedir=/app/mysql --verbose –help | more7.5. 配置文件環(huán)境變量
mysqladmin variables -u root -p mysqladmin -h host_name variables - u root -p8. 測試MySQL
檢查mysql 是否正常運(yùn)行
mysqladmin version
檢查配置變量值
mysqladmin variables
檢查是否能登陸
mysqladmin -u root -p version
關(guān)閉mysql 服務(wù)
mysqladmin -u root shutdown
顯示mysql 數(shù)據(jù)庫
mysqlshow
顯示某個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫中的表
mysqlshow mysql
shell 界面查詢表數(shù)據(jù)
mysql -e "SELECT User, Host, plugin FROM mysql.user" mysql
NOTE:
以上命令成功執(zhí)行后則mysql 數(shù)據(jù)正常。
臨時(shí)密碼:
grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
登錄:
mysql -uroot -p
更改密碼:
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';
由于密碼復(fù)雜度有相關(guān)要求:但是測試不需要?jiǎng)t
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%'; +--------------------------------------+--------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------------------+--------+ | validate_password.check_user_name | ON | | validate_password.dictionary_file | | | validate_password.length | 8 | | validate_password.mixed_case_count | 1 | | validate_password.number_count | 1 | | validate_password.policy | MEDIUM | | validate_password.special_char_count | 1 | +--------------------------------------+--------+ 7 rows in set (0.01 sec) set GLOBAL validate_password.policy=0; 設(shè)置密碼長度 set GLOBAL validate_password.length=3;
設(shè)置密碼復(fù)雜度為低。更方便測試。
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '1234';
使用mysqld —insecure初始化后的密碼更改
mysql -u root -p ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password';
如果使用mysqld —initialize-insecure 進(jìn)行初始化
則:
mysql -u root --skip-password
更改密碼:
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123'
臨時(shí)密碼:
grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
登錄:
mysql -uroot -p
更改密碼:
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';
由于密碼復(fù)雜度有相關(guān)要求:但是測試不需要?jiǎng)t
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%'; +--------------------------------------+--------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------------------+--------+ | validate_password.check_user_name | ON | | validate_password.dictionary_file | | | validate_password.length | 8 | | validate_password.mixed_case_count | 1 | | validate_password.number_count | 1 | | validate_password.policy | MEDIUM | | validate_password.special_char_count | 1 | +--------------------------------------+--------+ 7 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> set GLOBAL validate_password.policy=0; mysql> set GLOBAL validate_password.length=3;
設(shè)置密碼復(fù)雜度為低。更方便測試。
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '1234';
方法1:
kill `cat /mysql-data-directory/host_name.pid`
把以下語句保存到文件中
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass';
例如:/root/mysql-init
開始改變密碼
mysqld --init-file=/home/me/mysql-init &
mysql 服務(wù)會(huì)自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)。
然后刪除保存密碼的文件。
方法2:
添加my.cnf 選項(xiàng)
skip-grant-tables:
重啟MySQL
更改密碼
mysql update user set password=password("new_pass") where user="root"; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass';
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