1.virtualenv

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virtualenv作用：在一個(gè)操作系統(tǒng)下使用不同的python環(huán)境，包括不同的python版本和不同的python庫(kù)包

安裝pip

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# wgethttps://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py --no-check-certificate

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# python get-pip.py

安裝virtualenv

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# pip install virtualenv

創(chuàng)建虛擬環(huán)境test1_env

默認(rèn)新建的虛擬環(huán)境包括pip、easy_install等工具

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# virtualenv test1_env

New python executable in /opt/software/test1_env/bin/python

Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...

done.

會(huì)生成響應(yīng)的目錄和文件

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# ls -lh test1_env/

total 0

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 268 Feb 12 17:30 bin

drwxr-xr-x 3 root root  23 Feb 12 17:30 include

drwxr-xr-x 3 root root  23 Feb 12 17:30 lib

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   3 Feb 12 17:30 lib64 -> lib

啟用虛擬環(huán)境

這個(gè)環(huán)境下執(zhí)行python相關(guān)的操作都是限定在虛擬環(huán)境中

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# source test1_env/bin/activate

(test1_env) [root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]#

查看當(dāng)前虛擬環(huán)境的python目錄是否正確

>>> import sys

>>> print sys.path

['', '/opt/software/test1_env/lib64/python27.zip', '/opt/software/test1_env/lib64/python2.7', '/opt/software/test1_env/lib64/python2.7/plat-linux2', '/opt/software/test1_env/lib64/python2.7/lib-tk', '/opt/software/test1_env/lib64/python2.7/lib-old', '/opt/software/test1_env/lib64/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/usr/lib64/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7', '/opt/software/test1_env/lib/python2.7/site-packages']

退出虛擬環(huán)境

(test1_env) [root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 bin]# deactivate

測(cè)試1：在系統(tǒng)環(huán)境中安裝第三方庫(kù)，虛擬環(huán)境沒有影響

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# pip install jinja2

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# pip list|grep Jinja2

Jinja2   

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# source test1_env/bin/activate

(test1_env) [root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# pip list|grep jinja2|wc -l

0

測(cè)試2：在虛擬環(huán)境中安裝第三方庫(kù)，系統(tǒng)環(huán)境沒有影響

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# source test1_env/bin/activate

(test1_env) [root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# pip install futures

(test1_env) [root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# pip list|grep futures

futures    3.2.0  

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# pip list |grep futures|wc -l

0

2.virtualenvwrapper

virtualenvwrapper作用：集中管理虛擬環(huán)境

安裝virtualenvwrapper

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# pip install virtualenvwrapper

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 ~]# vim ~/.bash_profile

export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs

export PROJECT_HOME=$HOME/workspace

source /bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 ~]# source ~/.bash_profile

新建虛擬環(huán)境：mkvirtualenv [虛擬環(huán)境名稱]

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# mkvirtualenv test3_env

New python executable in /root/.virtualenvs/test3_env/bin/python

Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...

done.

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/test3_env/bin/predeactivate

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/test3_env/bin/postdeactivate

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/test3_env/bin/preactivate

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/test3_env/bin/postactivate

virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/test3_env/bin/get_env_details

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# mkvirtualenv test4_env

列出虛擬環(huán)境列表：workon或者lsvirtualenv

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 .virtualenvs]# workon

test3_env

test4_env

啟動(dòng)/切換虛擬環(huán)境：workon [虛擬環(huán)境名稱]

[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 .virtualenvs]# workon test3_env

(test3_env) [root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 .virtualenvs]# workon test4_env

刪除虛擬環(huán)境：rmvirtualenv [虛擬環(huán)境名稱]

(test4_env) [root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 .virtualenvs]# rmvirtualenv test3_env