[root@CentOS ~]# vi /etc/profile

在文件末尾加上如下兩行代碼

PATH=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin:$PATH
export PATH 

# /etc/profile

# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc

# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.

pathmunge () {
    case ":${PATH}:" in
        *:"$1":*)
            ;;
        *)
            if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
                PATH=$PATH:$1
            else
                PATH=$1:$PATH
            fi
    esac
}


if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then
    if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then
        # ksh workaround
        EUID=`id -u`
        UID=`id -ru`
    fi
    USER="`id -un`"
    LOGNAME=$USER
    MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"
fi

# Path manipulation
if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then
    pathmunge /sbin
    pathmunge /usr/sbin
    pathmunge /usr/local/sbin
else
    pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after
    pathmunge /usr/sbin after
    pathmunge /sbin after
fi

HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`
HISTSIZE=1000
if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then
    export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
else
    export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
fi

export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL

# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell
# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200
# You could check uidgid reservation validity in
# /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file
if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`id -gn`" = "`id -un`" ]; then
    umask 002
else
    umask 022
fi

for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
    if [ -r "$i" ]; then
        if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then
            . "$i"
        else
            . "$i" >/dev/null 2>&1
        fi
    fi
done

unset i
unset pathmungePATH=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin:$PATH 

export PATH 

要是剛才的修改馬上生效，需要執(zhí)行以下代碼 

[root@CentOS ~]# source /etc/profile 

方法二：在用戶目錄下的.bash_profile文件中增加變量【對單一用戶生效（永久的）】

用VI在用戶目錄下的.bash_profile文件中增加變量，改變量僅會對當(dāng)前用戶有效，并且是“永久的”。具體操作和方法1一樣，這里就不在列舉代碼了。

方法三：直接運行export命令定義變量【只對當(dāng)前shell（BASH）有效（臨時的）】

在shell的命令行下直接使用[export變量名=變量值]定義變量，該變量只在當(dāng)前的shell（BASH）或其子shell（BASH）下是有效的，shell關(guān)閉了，變量也就失效了，再打開新shell時就沒有這個變量，需要使用的話還需要重新定義。例如

export PATH=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin:$PATH