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ORACLE無GUI搭建環(huán)境

下載oracle 11g
下載地址：wget  http://v.yingsun.net/cobra/download/linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
下載地址：wget  http://v.yingsun.net/cobra/download/linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

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一 安裝java
查看CentOS自帶JDK是否已安裝。yum list installed |grep java

查看yum庫中的Java安裝包 命令：yum -y list java 看看可安裝的軟件包有沒有java-1.8.0-openjdk

二 檢查和安裝需要的rpm
yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++ compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio-devel libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC-devel binutils-* compat-libstdc++* elfutils-libelf* glibc* gcc-* libaio* libgcc* libstdc++* make* sysstat* unixODBC* wget unzip

三 創(chuàng)建用戶組和用戶
userdel -r oracle
groupadd -g 700 oinstall
groupadd -g 701 dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba -u 700 oracle
passwd oracle

id oracle

四 設(shè)置ORACLE環(huán)境變量
su - oracle
vi ~/.bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/u02/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export NLS_LANG="american_america.AL32UTF8"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:Mi:SS"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH


//腳本方式
new_export = "export ORACLE_BASE=/u02/oracle"
echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/u02/oracle" >> ~/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_HOME=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1" >> ~/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_SID=orcl" >> ~/.bash_profile

bash shell:腳本中修改profile文件更新LD_LIBRARY_PATH的示例 http://blog.csdn.net/10km/article/details/51953721

source ~/.bash_profile

查看環(huán)境變量是否完成
env | grep ORA


五 創(chuàng)建安裝目錄
su - root
mkdir -p /u02/oracle
mkdir -p /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u02/oracle

vi /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc==/home/oracle/oralnventory
inst_group=oinstall

source /etc/oralnst.loc
 
chown oracle:oinstall /etc/oraInst.loc
chmod 664 /etc/oraInst.loc

五 解壓
unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip; unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

六 復(fù)制響應(yīng)文件模板
用oracle用戶復(fù)制
su - oracle
mkdir /home/oracle/etc
mkdir /home/oracle/oralnventory
cp /u02/oracle/database/response/*  /home/oracle/etc/
七 設(shè)置響應(yīng)文件
su - root
chmod 700 /home/oracle/etc/*.rsp（注意所有者，oinstall）
八 靜默安裝Oracle軟件 
su - oracle
修改安裝Oracle軟件的響應(yīng)文件/home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp

#刪除應(yīng)答文件中的注釋行(以#開頭)
$ sed -i 's/^#.*$//g' *.rsp
刪除沒有內(nèi)容的空行(^$)
$ sed -i '/^$/d' *.rsp

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY         // 29 安裝類型

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle                            // 37 主機名稱（hostname查詢）

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall                          // 42 安裝組

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/oraInventory            //47 INVENTORY目錄（不填就是默認值）  注意：這里inventory目錄最好不要填寫與oracle安裝路徑一致的目錄，會報錯

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW                       // 78 選擇語言

ORACLE_HOME=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1         // 83 oracle_home

ORACLE_BASE=/u02/oracle                                 // 88 oracle_base

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE                     // 99 oracle版本

oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false                     //自定義安裝，否，使用默認組件

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba                          // 143 dba用戶組

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall                   // 147 oper用戶組

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE         // 160 數(shù)據(jù)庫類型

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl              // 165 globalDBName

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl                          // 170 SID

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=81920        // 200 自動管理內(nèi)存的內(nèi)存(M)

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle        // 233 設(shè)定所有數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶使用同一個密碼
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false            // 376（手動寫了false）

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true                                // 385 設(shè)置安全更新（貌似是有bug，這個一定要選true，否則會無限提醒郵件地址有問題，終止安裝。PS：不管地址對不對）

執(zhí)行命令 開始默認安裝
cd /u02/oracle/database

./runInstaller  -ignorePrereq -silent -force -responseFile  /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp

安向?qū)?zhí)行倆文件
/home/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

九 靜默配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)
編輯netca.rsp文件

$ more /u02/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="11.2"
CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"
[oracle.net.ca]
INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}
INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""
LISTENER_NUMBER=1
LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}
LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}
LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""
NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}
NSN_NUMBER=1
NSN_NAMES={"EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"}
NSN_SERVICE={"PLSExtProc"}
NSN_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"}

在oracle用戶下
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responsefile /u02/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp

十 靜默安裝數(shù)據(jù)庫
在oracle 用戶安裝。需要配置靜默安裝數(shù)據(jù)庫響應(yīng)的模板文件，也是在安裝軟件包中解壓在database下的response 目錄下的 dbca_rsp 文件，具體配置如下
vim dbca.rsp

//$ more /u02/soft/database/response/dbca.rsp

cp /u02/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp /u02/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp.bak

vi /u02/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

[GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"

OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"

[CREATEDATABASE]

GDBNAME = "lanmao"           #全局數(shù)據(jù)庫的名字

SID = "orcl"                 # 數(shù)據(jù)庫實例，根據(jù)上面的你寫的SID 一樣的，隨便寫。

TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"   #  這個可以是默認的模板，不會寫默認的，最好是默認，

                                 這里是我們dba 寫的，所以就用上了。

SYSPASSWORD = "2011@oracle"

SYSTEMPASSWORD = "2011@oracle"

SYSMANPASSWORD = "2011@oracle"

DBSNMPPASSWORD = "2011@oracle"   # 前面這四個都可以不管，默認就行

CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"         #編碼

NATIONALCHARACTERSET=“UTF8”   #編碼

[createTemplateFromDB]

SOURCEDB = "iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ:1521:orcl"

SYSDBAUSERNAME = "system"

TEMPLATENAME = "My Copy TEMPLATE"

[createCloneTemplate]

SOURCEDB = "orcl"

TEMPLATENAME = "My Clone TEMPLATE"

[DELETEDATABASE]

SOURCEDB = "orcl"

[generateScripts]

TEMPLATENAME = "New Database"

GDBNAME = "orcl11.us.oracle.com"

[CONFIGUREDATABASE]

[ADDINSTANCE]

DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "orcl11g.us.oracle.com"

NODELIST=

SYSDBAUSERNAME = "sys"

[DELETEINSTANCE]

DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "orcl11g.us.oracle.com"

INSTANCENAME = "orcl11g"

SYSDBAUSERNAME = "sys"

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /db/soft/database/response/dbca.rsp
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /u02/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

跟蹤錯誤sqlplus 方法
strace sqlplus / as sysdba
查看為什么出現(xiàn) ORA-12547: TNS:lost contact

參考 使用Shell腳本實現(xiàn)自動化靜默安裝Oracle軟件https://github.com/yoshinorim/mha4MySQL-manager.git
一個表或索引或其它對象使用BUFFER CACHE，最終使用哪個CBC LATCH,由其文件號以及數(shù)據(jù)塊號，進行HASH后使用指定的CBC LATCH

使用Shell腳本實現(xiàn)自動化靜默安裝Oracle軟件

第一篇 靜默方式安裝oracle 11g 完整攻略
下載oracle 11g
下載地址：wget  http://v.yingsun.net/cobra/download/linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
下載地址：wget  http://v.yingsun.net/cobra/download/linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

一 安裝java
查看CentOS自帶JDK是否已安裝。yum list installed |grep java

查看yum庫中的Java安裝包 命令：yum -y list java 看看可安裝的軟件包有沒有java-1.8.0-openjdk

二 檢查和安裝需要的rpm

各個版本的檢查包和版本可以看官方文檔
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e24326/toc.htm#BHCFACHG
具體所有安裝包是否已安裝檢查方法
rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst  make sysstat  unixODBC unixODBC-devel
檢查有沒有31個

還能用如下方式檢查，包括centos6，centos7的包
rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n' binutils \
compat-libcap1 \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-common \
glibc-devel \
glibc-headers \
ksh \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
libXi \
libXtst \
make \
sysstat \
unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel

如缺少相應(yīng)包可用yum -y install 安裝，也可以按如下方式直接把需要的所有依賴包安裝上
yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*i686 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc*.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.devel libgcc libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.devel libXi libXi*.i686 libXtst libXtst*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686

網(wǎng)上搜索的方法也可以參考如下
yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++ compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio-devel libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC-devel binutils-* compat-libstdc++* elfutils-libelf* glibc* gcc-* libaio* libgcc* libstdc++* make* sysstat* unixODBC* wget unzip unixODBC-devel
還有必須下載的包
 wget ftp://ftp.pbone.net/mirror/www.whiteboxlinux.org/whitebox/4/en/updates/i686/glibc-2.3.4-2.43.i686.rpm

 
三 創(chuàng)建用戶組和用戶
userdel -r oracle
groupadd -g 700 oinstall
groupadd -g 701 dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba -u 700 oracle
passwd oracle

id oracle

四 設(shè)置ORACLE環(huán)境變量
su - oracle
vi ~/.bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/u02/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export NLS_LANG="american_america.AL32UTF8"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:Mi:SS"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH


//腳本方式初始化環(huán)境變量參考方法
new_export = "export ORACLE_BASE=/u02/oracle"
echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/u02/oracle" >> ~/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_HOME=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1" >> ~/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_SID=orcl" >> ~/.bash_profile
bash shell:腳本中修改profile文件更新LD_LIBRARY_PATH的示例 http://blog.csdn.net/10km/article/details/51953721

source ~/.bash_profile

查看環(huán)境變量是否完成
env | grep ORA


五 創(chuàng)建安裝目錄
su - root
mkdir -p /u02/oracle
mkdir -p /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u02/oracle

vi /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc==/home/oracle/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall

source /etc/oraInst.loc
 
chown oracle:oinstall /etc/oraInst.loc
chmod 664 /etc/oraInst.loc

五 解壓安裝文件
unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip;
unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

六 復(fù)制響應(yīng)文件模板
用oracle用戶復(fù)制
su - oracle
mkdir /home/oracle/etc --放配置文件 如響應(yīng)文件
mkdir /home/oracle/oraInventory --放產(chǎn)品目錄相關(guān)文件
cp /u02/oracle/database/response/*  /home/oracle/etc/

七 設(shè)置響應(yīng)文件權(quán)限
su - root
chmod 700 /home/oracle/etc/*.rsp（注意所有者，oinstall）
八 靜默安裝Oracle軟件 
su - oracle
修改安裝Oracle軟件的響應(yīng)文件/home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp

#刪除應(yīng)答文件中的注釋行(以#開頭)
$ sed -i 's/^#.*$//g' *.rsp
刪除沒有內(nèi)容的空行(^$)
$ sed -i '/^$/d' *.rsp

文件內(nèi)容詳細介紹
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY         // 29 安裝類型

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle                            // 37 主機名稱（hostname查詢）

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall                          // 42 安裝組

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/oraInventory            //47 INVENTORY目錄（不填就是默認值）  注意：這里inventory目錄最好不要填寫與oracle安裝路徑一致的目錄，會報錯

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW                       // 78 選擇語言

ORACLE_HOME=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1         // 83 oracle_home

ORACLE_BASE=/u02/oracle                                 // 88 oracle_base

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE                     // 99 oracle版本

oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false                     //自定義安裝，否，使用默認組件

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba                          // 143 dba用戶組

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall                   // 147 oper用戶組

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE         // 160 數(shù)據(jù)庫類型

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl              // 165 globalDBName

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl                          // 170 SID

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=81920        // 200 自動管理內(nèi)存的內(nèi)存(M)

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle        // 233 設(shè)定所有數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶使用同一個密碼
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false            // 376（手動寫了false）

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true                                // 385 設(shè)置安全更新（貌似是有bug，這個一定要選true，否則會無限提醒郵件地址有問題，終止安裝。PS：不管地址對不對）


實際產(chǎn)品庫詳單參考db_install.rsp內(nèi)容
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en
ORACLE_HOME=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u02/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false
oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
"/home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp" 53L, 2500C
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en
ORACLE_HOME=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u02/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false
oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=
oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl11g
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl11g
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=400
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/u02/oracle/oradata/
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=/u02/oracle/flash_recovery_area/
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
PROXY_HOST=
PROXY_PORT=
PROXY_USER=
PROXY_PWD=
PROXY_REALM=
COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=
oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=
oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=

執(zhí)行命令 開始默認安裝
cd /u02/oracle/database

./runInstaller  -ignorePrereq -showProgress -silent -responseFile  /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp 這種方法不顯示日志
./runInstaller  -ignorePrereq -showProgress -silent -force -responseFile  /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp
./runInstaller  -silent -force -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp
這時可以看安裝日志
INFO: Number of threads for fast copy :1

注意問題點
這里在centos7上安裝oracle11g時，不論11.1.0.1還是 11.2.0.4 都會報錯
String: Error in invoking target 'agent nmhs' of makefile '/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk'.
這個錯誤相當(dāng)于圖形界面安裝時遇到的錯誤，但圖形界面安裝遇到錯誤，會停止，且提供重試的按鈕，靜默安裝就不成，具體解決方法可以參考
http://www.jb51.net/article/129719.htm《CentOS 7.4下安裝Oracle 11.2.0.4數(shù)據(jù)庫的方法》 這里需要編輯安裝文件

按向?qū)?zhí)行倆文件
/home/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

九 靜默配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)
編輯netca.rsp文件

$ more /home/oracle/etc/netca.rsp
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="11.2"
CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"
[oracle.net.ca]
INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}
INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""
LISTENER_NUMBER=1
LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}
LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}
LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""
NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}
NSN_NUMBER=1
NSN_NAMES={"EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"}
NSN_SERVICE={"PLSExtProc"}
NSN_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"}

在oracle用戶下
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp

十 靜默安裝數(shù)據(jù)庫
在oracle 用戶安裝。需要配置靜默安裝數(shù)據(jù)庫響應(yīng)的模板文件，也是在安裝軟件包中解壓在database下的response 目錄下的 dbca_rsp 文件，具體配置如下
//$ more /u02/soft/database/response/dbca.rsp

vi /home/oracle/etc/dbca.rsp

[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "orcl11g.localdomain"
SID = "orcl11g"
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
DATAFILEDESTINATION=/u02/oracle/oradata
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/u02/oracle/flash_recovery_area
CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
NATIONALCHARACTERSET= "AL16UTF16"
DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "orcl11g"
LISTENERS=LISTENER
TOTALMEMORY = "700"
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"

執(zhí)行安裝
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/dbca.rsp
--/u02/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp


十一 刪除方法
數(shù)據(jù)庫安裝成功后，要刪除執(zhí)行的命令
先刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫
/home/oracle/database/dbca -silent -deleteDatabase -sourcedb orcl11g -sid orcl11g -sysDBAUserName system -sysDBAPassword oracle

沒安裝成功時刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫和軟件方法
刪除/u02/oracle/oradata目錄下對應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)庫文件夾
刪除/u02/oracle/flash_recovery_area 目錄下對應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)庫文件夾
最重要/etc/oratab 刪除里面最后的對應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)庫的記錄
--刪除 vi /home/oracle/oraInventory/ContentsXML/inventory.xml


root用戶
清空swap空間，刪除數(shù)據(jù)文件和oracle相應(yīng)目錄
swapoff -a && swapon -a
rm -fr /u02/oracle/oradata
rm -fr /u02/oracle/flash_recovery_area
rm -fr /home/oracle/oraInventory
rm -fr /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

刪除配置文件內(nèi)容
vi /etc/oratab
--vi /home/oracle/oraInventory/ContentsXML/inventory.xml
--sed -i '/^重建對應(yīng)目錄
mkdir -p /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u02/oracle

mkdir -p /u02/oracle/oradata
mkdir -p /u02/oracle/flash_recovery_area
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02/oracle/oradata
chmod -R 775 /u02/oracle/oradata
su - oracle
mkdir /home/oracle/oraInventory


/u02/oracle/oradiag_oracle/diag/clients/user_oracle/host_2133379358_76/alert

跟蹤錯誤sqlplus 方法
strace sqlplus / as sysdba
strace -f -o /tmp/sqlplus.log sqlplus / as sysdba
查看為什么出現(xiàn) ORA-12547: TNS:lost contact

select open_mode from v$database;


遇到的問題
問題1
在靜默安裝oracle的時候，在安裝軟件以后，進入sqlplus后，總是報TNS connect lost，這時就在網(wǎng)上查看了這個錯誤對應(yīng)問題，其中說是
bin目錄里oracle執(zhí)行文件大小為0，后來就反復(fù)裝，發(fā)現(xiàn)裝的時候果然系統(tǒng)裝到link oracle的時候就不動了，最后看日志的時候看這里最終
報錯。然后就在日志里查看了對應(yīng)的錯誤。和日志里遇到的第一個錯誤。
其實判斷這個題很容易，重要的是看日志
日志在安裝時，已經(jīng)輸出了具體位置和文件名，打開后就能看到。里面發(fā)現(xiàn)的第一個報錯信息
INFO: collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[1]: *** [/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/sysman/lib/emdctl] Error 1
make: *** [emdctl] Error 2

INFO: End output from spawned process.
INFO: ----------------------------------
INFO: Exception thrown from action: make
Exception Name: MakefileException
Exception String: Error in invoking target 'agent nmhs' of makefile '/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk'. See '/home/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2017-12-12_04-48-00PM.log' for details.
Exception Severity: 1
然后根據(jù)網(wǎng)上的提示就是在ins_emagent里加 -lnnet11
然后為讓這些字節(jié)是0的文件生效，就執(zhí)行了bin目錄里的relink all
最后oracle文件就生成了，且在進入sqlplus就不報tns的錯誤了，最后說的是連接一個正常實例的問題。


打印日志的時候，在這個位置會等很長時間
INFO:  - Linking Oracle
rm -f /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/oracle

INFO: gcc  -o /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/oracle -m64 -z noexecstack -L/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/ -L/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/ -L/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/stubs/   -Wl,-E /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/opimai.o /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/ssoraed.o /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/ttcsoi.o  -Wl,--whole-archive -lperfsrv11 -Wl,--no-whole-archive /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/nautab.o /u02/oracl
INFO: e/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/naeet.o /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/naect.o /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/naedhs.o /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/config.o  -lserver11 -lodm11 -lcell11 -lnnet11 -lskgxp11 -lsnls11 -lnls11  -lcore11 -lsnls11 -lnls11 -lcore11 -lsnls11 -lnls11 -lxml11 -lcore11 -lunls11 -lsnls11 -lnls11 -lcore11 -lnls11 -lclient11  -lvsn11 -lcommon11 -lgeneric11 -lknlopt `if /usr/bin/ar tv /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/libknlopt.a | grep xsyeolap

......
    `cat /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/db
INFO: home_1/lib/sysliblist` -Wl,-rpath,/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib -lm    `cat /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/sysliblist` -ldl -lm   -L/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib


orapwd FILE=orapwdORCL11g.pwd PASSWORD=welcome1 ENTRIES=30

問題2 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫時報錯
排錯方法 看建立數(shù)據(jù)庫時alert方法
[oracle@iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ ~]$ cd $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/orcl11g/orcl11g/trace
[oracle@iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ trace]$ ls -alcr | grep alert
-rw-r-----  1 oracle oinstall 64209 Dec 14 14:45 alert_orcl11g.log
[oracle@iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ trace]$ ls -alcr | grep alert
在其中找到了pfile文件
/u02/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl11g/initorcl11gTemp.ora
startup nomount pfile=/u02/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl11g/initorcl11gTemp.ora;

/u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl11g/orcl11g/trace/orcl11g_ora_16270.trc
要根據(jù)pfile生成spfile，數(shù)據(jù)庫就能啟動到open了
create spfile from pfile='/u02/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl11g/initorcl11gTemp.ora'
create spfile from pfile='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initorcl11g.ora'


問題3 手工建庫時的問題
根據(jù)文檔手工創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫，但輸入創(chuàng)建語句后，系統(tǒng)提示如下錯誤
ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced

ORA-01501: CREATE DATABASE failed

ORA-01519: error while processing file '?/rdbms/admin/dtxnspc.bsq' near line 5

ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1

ORA-30012: undo tablespace 'UNDOTBS1' does not exist or of wrong type

這個提示實際很明顯，但特別注意的是要保證參數(shù)文件里的回退表空間名字和create database語句
里的表空間名字要一樣，而不是和create database里的回退數(shù)據(jù)文件名一樣，這很重要，這可以保證
后面執(zhí)行腳本時沒有莫名其妙的錯誤。

手工建庫的過程如下
1 刪除已有數(shù)據(jù)庫
rm -fr oradata/orcl11g/*.*
rm -fr fast_recovery_area/orcl11g/control02.ctl

2
orapwd FILE=orapwdSORCL.pwd PASSWORD=oracle ENTRIES=30
CREATE SPFILE='spfile.ora' FROM
       PFILE='init.ora';


 CREATE DATABASE orcl11g
     USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
     USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
     LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo01.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
             GROUP 2 ('/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo02.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
             GROUP 3 ('/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo03.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
     MAXLOGFILES 5
     MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
     MAXLOGHISTORY 1
    MAXDATAFILES 100
    CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
    NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
    EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
    DATAFILE '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
    SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
    DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
        DATAFILE '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/users01.dbf'
        SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
    DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
        TEMPFILE '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/temp01.dbf'
        SIZE 20M REUSE
    UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs --undotbs 必須和參數(shù)文件中指定名字一樣
        DATAFILE '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/UNDOTBS_01.dbf' --UNDOTBS_01沒事隨便取名
        SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  
rm -fr /tmp/logsql.txt
spool /tmp/logsql.txt --這樣可以執(zhí)行sql腳本后的日志
@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
spool off

克隆安裝數(shù)據(jù)庫軟件
在一臺機器上克隆安裝第二個oracle 軟件
1增加swap分區(qū)
dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap1 bs=612 count=612000
mkswap /home/swap1
swapon /home/swap1

2復(fù)制dbhome_1到新位置 cp -r /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 /u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
3chown -R oracle:oinstall /u03_clone/oracle
su - oracle
4 登記復(fù)制后的信息命令
cd /u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/clone/bin
perl clone.pl ORACLE_BASE=/u03_clone/oracle ORACLE_HOME=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1  ORACLE_HOME_NAME=OraDb11g_home_clone
5 驗證是否加入產(chǎn)品列表目錄，軟件是否安裝成功
vi /home/oracle/oraInventory/ContentsXML/inventory.xml

dgbroker
1：主庫配置listener.ora文件和tnsnames.ora文件，添加GLOBAL_DBNAME參數(shù)，重啟監(jiān)聽器，所有的節(jié)點都需要配置
cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora 
SID_LIST_LISTENER = 
  (SID_LIST = 
    (SID_DESC = 
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = PRIMARY) 
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
   (SID_NAME = orcl11g)  
    )
 (SID_DESC = 
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = PRIMARY_DGMGRL) 
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
   (SID_NAME = orcl11g)  
    )
  ) 
 
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u02/oracle
 
 
cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora 
PRIMARY = 
  (DESCRIPTION = 
    (ADDRESS_LIST = 
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ)(PORT = 1521)) 
    ) 
    (CONNECT_DATA = 
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl11g.localdomain) 
    ) 
  ) 
 
PHYSICAL = 
  (DESCRIPTION = 
    (ADDRESS_LIST = 
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ)(PORT = 1522)) 
    ) 
    (CONNECT_DATA = 
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl11g.localdomain) 
    ) 
  )

復(fù)制主庫listener和tnsname到備庫
cd /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin
cp listener.ora tnsnames.ora /u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/
 
備庫上的listener和tnsname
SID_LIST_LISTENER = 
  (SID_LIST = 
    (SID_DESC = 
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = PHYSICAL) 
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
   (SID_NAME = sorcl11g)         
    )
 (SID_DESC = 
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = PHYSICAL_DGMGRL) 
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
   (SID_NAME = sorcl11g)   
    )
  ) 
 
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u02/oracle

備庫的tnsname

PHYSICAL = 
  (DESCRIPTION = 
    (ADDRESS_LIST = 
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ)(PORT = 1522)) 
    ) 
    (CONNECT_DATA = 
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl11g.localdomain) 
    ) 
  )

PRIMARY = 
  (DESCRIPTION = 
    (ADDRESS_LIST = 
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ)(PORT = 1521)) 
    ) 
    (CONNECT_DATA = 
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl11g.localdomain) 
    ) 
  ) 
注意 這里端口號和主庫的端口不應(yīng)一致，因為此時環(huán)境是一個節(jié)點上有兩個ORACLE產(chǎn)品兩個ORACLE數(shù)據(jù)庫

2：設(shè)置DG_BROKER_START參數(shù)，所有的節(jié)點都需要配置
2.1基本配置
alter system set db_unique_name='PRIMARY' scope=spfile;

alter system set standby_file_management ='AUTO';

alter database add standby logfile group  11 '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/standbylog/standby11.log' size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile group  12 '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/standbylog/standby12.log' size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile group  13 '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/standbylog/standby13.log' size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile group  14 '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/standbylog/standby14.log' size 50m;

2.2主庫歸檔
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/archivelog';
alter database archivelog;


主庫啟動broker
show parameter dg_broker_start;
!ps -ef |grep dmon 
alter system set dg_broker_start=TRUE;
!ps -ef |grep dmon 

alter database open;
在主庫重新生成pfile create pfile from spfile;

2.3 備份主庫：

a.rman target /

b.backup database;

2.4 在備庫上克隆主庫：
     
　　a.cd /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs
      cp initorcl11g.ora orapworcl11g /u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/
     
      修改備庫pfile上的db_unique_name=PHYSICAL
   因為在同一臺機器的不同位置安裝了另一個oracle軟件，所以還要設(shè)置數(shù)據(jù)存放位置的參數(shù)
   su - oracle
   mkdir -p /u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/archivelog
   mkdir -p /u03_clone/oracle/flash_recovery_area
   mkdir -p /u03_clone/oracle/admin/orcl11g/adump
      如果主端與備端目錄不同繼續(xù)修改參數(shù)，在兩端的pfile文件中要添加,當(dāng)然如果相同也可以添加：
   *.log_file_name_convert='/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/','/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g'
   *.db_file_name_convert='/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/','/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g'

  
  
      要在同一臺機器上啟動另一產(chǎn)品的數(shù)據(jù)庫，必須先啟動不同的listener，然后啟動倆數(shù)據(jù)庫
      同一機器上啟動不同產(chǎn)品的listener 必須要有TNS_ADMIN
      打開窗口1 export TNS_ADMIN=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin        主庫listener
      打開窗口2 export TNS_ADMIN=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin   備庫listener 

b.啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫到nomount：
      在窗口1
      export ORACLE_SID=orcl11g
   echo $ORACLE_SID
      sqlplus / as sysdba
   startup open pfile=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs
   在窗口2
   export ORACLE_SID=sorcl11g
   echo $ORACLE_SID
      sqlplus / as sysdba
   startup nomount pfile=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs

   在備庫還得再創(chuàng)建一個空的新的數(shù)據(jù)庫
   CREATE DATABASE orcl11g
     USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
     USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
     LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo01.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
             GROUP 2 ('/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo02.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
             GROUP 3 ('/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo03.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
     MAXLOGFILES 5
     MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
     MAXLOGHISTORY 1
    MAXDATAFILES 100
    CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
    NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
    EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
    DATAFILE '/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
    SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
    DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
        DATAFILE '/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/users01.dbf'
        SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
    DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
        TEMPFILE '/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/temp01.dbf'
        SIZE 20M REUSE
    UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
        DATAFILE '/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/UNDOTBS_01.dbf'
        SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  
　　c.登陸rman：

rman target sys/oracle@PRIMARY auxiliary sys/oracle@PHYSICAL
rman target system/oracle@PHYSICAL auxiliary system/oracle@PRIMARY
　　d.開始克?。?/p>

問題 重點看
rman target sys/oracle@PRIMARY auxiliary sys/oracle@PHYSICAL
這里連接auxiliary庫的時候，死活又在那報無效用戶名密碼的問題，具體提示如下
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00554: initialization of internal recovery manager package failed
RMAN-04005: error from target database:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
解決問題是想在一臺機器上復(fù)制一個已經(jīng)可以的oracle軟件產(chǎn)品，到另一個目錄，重新安裝一個oracle軟件，特別是
復(fù)制了已安好的ORACLE_HOME下的dbs下的所有文件后，發(fā)現(xiàn)initorcl.ora需要修改成initsorcl.ora，這邊新安得軟件對應(yīng)的庫
才能識別，所以同意密碼文件也應(yīng)該是orapwsorcl 而不是直接從原來的庫拿過來的密碼文件對應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫名，原庫密碼文件是
orapworcl 要改成oraopworcl 數(shù)據(jù)庫名和原數(shù)據(jù)庫名一樣對應(yīng)密碼文件名也要修改。
另外注意 遠程連接rman時，system沒有權(quán)限訪問rman所以也會報無效用戶名密碼問題，所以只能用sys用戶遠程連接rman
duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck from active database;
如果數(shù)據(jù)文件與重做日志文件目錄相同，要添加 nofilenamecheck ，否則不需要添加

查看日志
vi /u03_clone/oracle/diag/rdbms/physical/orcl11g/trace/alert_orcl11g.log
vi /u03_clone/oracle/diag/rdbms/physical/sorcl11g/trace/alert_sorcl11g.log
vi /u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/primary/orcl11g/trace/alert_orcl11g.log

/u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/primary/orcl11g/trace/drcorcl11g.log

startup nomount pfile=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl11g.ora
startup upgrade pfile=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl11g.ora
startup open pfile=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl11g.ora
@/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
@/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql

@/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catupgrd.sql

startup open pfile=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl11g.ora

測試遠程連接備庫
export ORACLE_SID=sorcl11g
export ORACLE_HOME=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export TNS_ADMIN=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

tnsping DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ)(PORT=1522)))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=PHYSICAL.localdomain)(CID=(PROGRAM=oracle)(HOST=iz2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czz)(USER=oracle))))
       (DESCRIPTION=              (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=test01.cyou.com)        (PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=stest_DGMGRL)         (INSTANCE_NAME=test)(SERVER=DEDICATED)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ)(PORT=1522))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=PHYSICAL.localdomain)(INSTANCE_NAME=sorcl)(SERVER=DEDICATED)))
cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
./sqlplus / as sysdba
./lsnrctl status
startup open pfile=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl11g.ora
./sqlplus system/welcome1@PHYSICAL
rman target /

測試遠程連接主庫
export ORACLE_SID=orcl11g
export ORACLE_HOME=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export TNS_ADMIN=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/

cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
./sqlplus / as sysdba
./lsnrctl status
startup open pfile=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl11g.ora
./sqlplus system/oracle@PRIMARY

2.5:創(chuàng)建并啟用配置文件
dgmgrl sys/oracle@PRIMARY 
create configuration dgc as primary database is PRIMARY connect identifier is PRIMARY;
add database PHYSICAL as connect identifier is PHYSICAL maintained as physical;
add database 'standby',這兒的standby是指database的db_unique_name,而AS CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS 'standby' 這里的standby是指
tnsname.ora 連接到standby database的net service name。
還可以這樣
 alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=ocrls ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ocrls' scope=spfile;
=》alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=PHYSICAL LGWR ASYNC NOAFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PHYSICAL' scope=spfile;
   service=physical, LGWR ASYNC NOAFFIRM delay=0 optional compression=disable max_failure=0 max_connections=1 reopen=300db_unique_name=physical net_timeout=30, valid_for=(all_logfiles,primary_role)

   --alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=PHYSICAL lgwr async noaffirm delay=0 optional compression=disable max_failure=0  max_connections=1 reopen=300 net_timeout=30, VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PHYSICAL'
 enable configuration
show configuration [verbose];

alter system set fal_client=
主庫該參數(shù)
alter system set fal_client='PRIMARY';
ALTER system set fal_server='PHYSICAL';
備庫該參數(shù)
alter system set fal_client='PHYSICAL';
alter system set fal_server='PRIMARY';
這次遇到的問題是在安裝了oracle軟件后，再創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫時，特別最后執(zhí)行catproc.sql時怎么都執(zhí)行不完，還老報錯
關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫重啟open后，還說要按upgrade方式打開數(shù)據(jù)庫，顯然catproc.sql未完全執(zhí)行完，最后發(fā)現(xiàn)原因?qū)嶋H是數(shù)據(jù)庫內(nèi)存不足
在運行腳本時，速度很慢，而且free -mh查看內(nèi)存只有幾十M可用，于是，關(guān)閉占用內(nèi)存的應(yīng)用，重新執(zhí)行腳本很快就執(zhí)行好了，而且
可以順利啟動到open狀態(tài)
http://blog.51cto.com/ylw6006/686900

SQL> alter system set LOCAL_LISTENER='(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = iz2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czz)(PORT = 1521))' scope=spfile;
SQL> alter system set LOCAL_LISTENER='(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = iz2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czz)(PORT = 1522))' scope=spfile;

在備庫上克隆主庫

https://www.cnblogs.com/vijayfly/archive/2015/12/16/5051614.html oracle11G使用DGbroker創(chuàng)建dg

standby上SRL完全等同與primary上的ORL，在primary發(fā)生日志切換時，Remote File System（RFS）進程把primary上的ORL寫到standby的SRL，同時standby歸檔上一個SRL

log_archive_dest_20


解決問題
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
這個錯誤最大的問題是 一個節(jié)點上安了兩個oracle軟件，在啟動第二個oracle軟件時，環(huán)境變量ORACLE_HOME還是第一個oracle軟件的
，所以啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫時，是在環(huán)境變量1的基礎(chǔ)上啟動的數(shù)據(jù)庫，造成啟動時數(shù)據(jù)庫會用到錯誤的環(huán)境變量ORACLE_HOME，最終啟動雖然
正常，但遠程連接時就報上面的錯誤。sqlplus system/oracle@PHYSICAL
另外出現(xiàn) shared memory realm does not exist的原因還有可能是虛擬機物理內(nèi)存不足造成


重啟時的日志報錯
db_recovery_file_dest_size of 4182 MB is 0.00% used. This is a
user-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by this
database for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount of
space available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup.
Mon Jan 29 08:19:50 2018
Starting background process CJQ0
Mon Jan 29 08:19:50 2018
CJQ0 started with pid=30, OS id=10515
Mon Jan 29 08:20:00 2018
ORA-1652: unable to extend temp segment by 128 in tablespace                 TEMPTS1
Errors in file /u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/primary/orcl11g/trace/orcl11g_j003_10529.trc:
ORA-12012: error on auto execute of job "SYS"."BSLN_MAINTAIN_STATS_JOB"
ORA-01652: unable to extend temp segment by 128 in tablespace TEMPTS1
ORA-06512: at "DBSNMP.BSLN_INTERNAL", line 2073

log_archive_dest_1             /u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/archivelog
db_recovery_file_dest              /u02/oracle/fast_recovery_area

FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET
standy_archive_dest   ?/dbs_arch 能說明有dataguard么

主庫總是停機
ORA-00445: background process "SMCO" did not start after 120 seconds
Tue Feb 13 02:52:18 2018
Suspending MMON action 'Process staged incidents' for 82800 seconds
Tue Feb 13 03:00:25 2018
Errors in file /u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/primary/orcl11g/trace/orcl11g_pmon_27930.trc:
ORA-00445: background process "SMCO" did not start after 120 seconds
Tue Feb 13 03:01:37 2018
Restarting dead background process SMCO
Tue Feb 13 03:05:34 2018
Errors in file /u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/primary/orcl11g/trace/orcl11g_qmnc_28070.trc  (incident=34271):
ORA-00445: background process "q003" did not start after 120 seconds
Tue Feb 13 03:14:56 2018
Errors in file /u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/primary/orcl11g/trace/orcl11g_pmon_27930.trc  (incident=34280):
ORA-00445: background process "SMCO" did not start after 120 seconds
Tue Feb 13 03:28:02 2018
Errors in file /u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/primary/orcl11g/trace/orcl11g_pmon_27930.trc:
ORA-00445: background process "SMCO" did not start after 120 seconds
Tue Feb 13 03:30:21 2018
Warning: VKTM detected a time drift.
Tue Feb 13 03:30:57 2018
Time drifts can result in an unexpected behavior such as time-outs. Please check trace file for more details.
這實際是數(shù)據(jù)庫主機的內(nèi)存不夠?qū)е孪鄳?yīng)進程在規(guī)定時間起不來，造成數(shù)據(jù)庫停機。每次都要startup


ORA-01665: control file is not a standby control file
select controlfile_type from v$database;

問題2 跳歸檔解決GAP問題 重點看
日志無法應(yīng)用
在搭建了dataguard以后，我們需要判斷備庫是否能正常接收主庫的日志，以及是否能正常應(yīng)用傳送來的日志。并且在日常維護中也需要經(jīng)常監(jiān)控
主備是否一致。這次對某套dataguard環(huán)境巡檢的時候，發(fā)現(xiàn)了主備庫不一致，存在間隙的情況。

在主庫和備庫分別使用如下查詢查看應(yīng)用日志的具體時間和日志號
SELECT SEQUENCE#, FIRST_TIME, NEXT_TIME
FROM   V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;
發(fā)現(xiàn)主庫和備庫顯示出的日志數(shù)量不一致

查看備庫是否有GAP
SQL> select * from v$archive_gap;

   THREAD# LOW_SEQUENCE# HIGH_SEQUENCE#
---------- ------------- --------------
         1            24             30

從上面結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，備庫從24號到30號日志都缺失。
  
備庫查看RFS接收日志和MRP應(yīng)用日志同步主庫情況
select process, sequence#, status, delay_mins from v$managed_standby;
MRP0                                24 WAIT_FOR_GAP

說明這里 MRP0只應(yīng)用日志到24，正好說明備庫和主庫是有g(shù)ap的。而且備庫有g(shù)ap時，gap后面的日志只能接收，但不能應(yīng)用
備庫執(zhí)行，于是查看備庫是否應(yīng)用接收的日志
SELECT SEQUENCE#,APPLIED FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG
ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;
從結(jié)果（條件限時未對結(jié)果截圖）看目前這個備庫是從31號日志接收日志的。且無法應(yīng)用
要想讓主庫和備庫歸檔一致，應(yīng)用的日志也一致，可以把缺少的日志從主庫拷貝到從庫，具體方法看
http://blog.itpub.net/29500582/viewspace-1308247/
但發(fā)現(xiàn)主庫沒有了GAP的日志，所以只能用基于SCN不完全恢復(fù)的方法

參考查看歸檔進程狀態(tài) http://blog.csdn.net/wll_1017/article/details/9699631《dg 備庫歸檔位置不一致》


跳歸檔具體方法
1主備庫都執(zhí)行
SELECT CURRENT_SCN FROM V$DATABASE;
備庫SCN 1112907 主庫SCN 1817052
注意 select scn_to_timestamp(1112907) scn from dual; 可以用如上方法查看SCN對應(yīng)的時間
2主庫上
rman target /
BACKUP INCREMENTAL FROM SCN 1112907 DATABASE FORMAT '/home/oracle/backup_stage/increment_backup_%U_%T' tag 'FORSTANDBY';
就是備份從備庫沒追平的時間到現(xiàn)在的增量備份
3在備庫恢復(fù)
rman target /
catalog start with '/home/oracle/backup_stage/increment_backup'; 登記所有increment_backup開頭的備份到備份目錄

recover database; 恢復(fù)增量備份的數(shù)據(jù) 可以用 noredo 加速恢復(fù)

recover managed standby database disconnect from session; 最后再備庫開啟應(yīng)用恢復(fù)的進程，讓備庫和主庫完全一致
參考 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-08/134300.htm

查看dataguard狀態(tài)
select MESSAGE,TIMESTAMP from v$dataguard_status
order by TIMESTAMP;

另外還可以查詢備庫，查看從主庫接收的日志
SQL> SELECT THREAD#, SEQUENCE#, FIRST_CHANGE#,  NEXT_CHANGE# FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG;

查看備庫上的 standby log
SELECT GROUP#,THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,ARCHIVED,STATUS FROM V$STANDBY_LOG;

gap都解決了還總是停機
ARC1: Archive log rejected (thread 1 sequence 75) at host 'PHYSICAL'
FAL[server, ARC1]: FAL archive failed, see trace file.
ARCH: FAL archive failed. Archiver continuing
ORACLE Instance orcl11g - Archival Error. Archiver continuing.
Fri Feb 23 15:30:08 2018
看歸檔日志  找到出錯時間時對應(yīng)的arc的trace
ll -tr /u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/primary/orcl11g/trace/
vi /u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/primary/orcl11g/trace/orcl11g_arc3_5025.trc
Detailed OCI error val is 1017 and errmsg is 'ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denie


SQL> select process, sequence#, status, delay_mins from v$managed_standby;

PROCESS                      SEQUENCE# STATUS
--------------------------- ---------- ------------------------------------
DELAY_MINS
----------
ARCH                                56 CLOSING
         0

ARCH                                 0 CONNECTED
         0

ARCH                                 0 CONNECTED
         0


PROCESS                      SEQUENCE# STATUS
--------------------------- ---------- ------------------------------------
DELAY_MINS
----------
ARCH                                55 CLOSING
         0

RFS                                  0 IDLE
         0

RFS                                  0 IDLE
         0


PROCESS                      SEQUENCE# STATUS
--------------------------- ---------- ------------------------------------
DELAY_MINS
----------
RFS                                  0 IDLE
         0

RFS                                 60 IDLE
         0


新聞標題：ORACLE無GUI搭建環(huán)境
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