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比較方法:1、直接使用“==”運算符比較,語法“str1 == str2”,該方法區(qū)分大小寫。2、利用strings包的Compare()函數(shù)比較,語法“strings.Compare(a,b)”;返回值為int類型,0表示兩數(shù)相等,1表示a大于b,“-1”表示a小于b。3、利用strings包的EqualFold()比較,語法“strings.EqualFold(a,b)”。
在 go 語言中字符串比較的方式有如下三種:
==
直接比較,區(qū)分大小寫
strings.Compare(a,b)
該函數(shù)返回值為 int, 0 表示兩數(shù)相等,1 表示 a>b, -1 表示 a
strings.EqualFold(a,b)
直接返回是否相等,不區(qū)分大小寫。
示例如下:// 1-使用等號比較——區(qū)分大消息
func Equal(s1, s2 string) bool {
return s1 == s2
}
// 2-使用 compare 比較——區(qū)分大小寫
func Compare(s1, s2 string) bool {
return strings.Compare(s1, s2) == 0 //
}
//3-EqualFold 比較——不區(qū)分大小寫. case-fold 即大小寫同一處理
func EqualFold(s1, s2 string) bool {
return strings.EqualFold(s1, s2)
}
// 使用等號比較——忽略大小寫
func Equal2(s1, s2 string) bool {
return strings.ToLower(s1) == strings.ToLower(s2)
}
// 使用 compare 比較——不區(qū)分大小寫
func Compare2(s1, s2 string) bool {
return strings.Compare(strings.ToLower(s1), strings.ToLower(s2)) == 0
}
func StringCompareTest() {
fmt.Println("== 區(qū)分大小寫", Equal("go", "Go")) //false
fmt.Println("== 忽略大小寫",Equal2("go", "Go")) //true
fmt.Println("compare 區(qū)分大小寫",Compare("go", "Go")) //false
fmt.Println("compare 忽略大小寫",Compare2("go", "Go")) //true
fmt.Println("EqualFold 忽略大小寫",EqualFold("go", "Go")) // true
}
下面的代碼使用 Benchmark 做簡單的性能比較,測試項目的目錄結(jié)構(gòu)為:
詳細代碼:
package test
import (
"../str"
"testing"
)
func BenchmarkStrEqual(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
str.Equal("go", "Go")
}
}
func BenchmarkStrEqual2(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
str.Equal2("go", "Go")
}
}
func BenchmarkStrCompare(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
str.Compare("go", "Go")
}
}
func BenchmarkStrCompare2(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
str.Compare2("go", "Go")
}
}
func BenchmarkStrEqualFold(b *testing.B) {
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
str.EqualFold("go", "Go")
}
}
測試結(jié)果如下:
通過上圖可以看出,效率最高的還是 ==
package strings
// Compare returns an integer comparing two strings lexicographically.
// The result will be 0 if a==b, -1 if a < b, and +1 if a > b.
//
// Compare is included only for symmetry with package bytes.
// It is usually clearer and always faster to use the built-in
// string comparison operators ==, <, >, and so on.
func Compare(a, b string) int {
// NOTE(rsc): This function does NOT call the runtime cmpstring function,
// because we do not want to provide any performance justification for
// using strings.Compare. Basically no one should use strings.Compare.
// As the comment above says, it is here only for symmetry with package bytes.
// If performance is important, the compiler should be changed to recognize
// the pattern so that all code doing three-way comparisons, not just code
// using strings.Compare, can benefit.
if a == b {
return 0
}
if a < b {
return -1
}
return +1
}
如上所示,我們發(fā)現(xiàn),Compare 內(nèi)部也是調(diào)用了 ==
, 而且該函數(shù)的注釋中也說了,這個函數(shù) only for symmetry with package bytes。而且推薦我們直接使用 ==
和 >
、<
。
// EqualFold reports whether s and t, interpreted as UTF-8 strings,
// are equal under Unicode case-folding, which is a more general
// form of case-insensitivity.
func EqualFold(s, t string) bool {
for s != "" && t != "" {
// Extract first rune from each string.
var sr, tr rune
if s[0] < utf8.RuneSelf {
sr, s = rune(s[0]), s[1:]
} else {
r, size := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(s)
sr, s = r, s[size:]
}
if t[0] < utf8.RuneSelf {
tr, t = rune(t[0]), t[1:]
} else {
r, size := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(t)
tr, t = r, t[size:]
}
// If they match, keep going; if not, return false.
// Easy case.
if tr == sr {
continue
}
// Make sr < tr to simplify what follows.
if tr < sr {
tr, sr = sr, tr
}
// Fast check for ASCII.
if tr < utf8.RuneSelf {
// ASCII only, sr/tr must be upper/lower case
if 'A' <= sr && sr <= 'Z' && tr == sr+'a'-'A' {
continue
}
return false
}
// General case. SimpleFold(x) returns the next equivalent rune > x
// or wraps around to smaller values.
r := unicode.SimpleFold(sr)
for r != sr && r < tr {
r = unicode.SimpleFold(r)
}
if r == tr {
continue
}
return false
}
// One string is empty. Are both?
return s == t
}
這個函數(shù)中做了一系列操作,將兩個字符串轉(zhuǎn)換成 utf-8
字符串進行比較,并且比較時忽略大小寫。
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