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環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備
實(shí)驗環(huán)境：
| 主機(jī)IP | 描述 |
|---|
| 192.168.5.181 | 操作系統(tǒng)為CentOS7，安裝httpd2.4版本 |
| 192.168.5.121 | 操作系統(tǒng)為CentOS6，安裝httpd2.2版本，安裝MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫 |
| 192.168.5.180 | 測試用Linux系統(tǒng)，安裝有curl工具 |
| 192.168.5.190 | 測試用Linux系統(tǒng)，安裝有curl工具 |
| 192.168.5.182 | CA證書頒發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu) |
在兩臺主機(jī)上面先清空防火墻規(guī)則，關(guān)閉Selinux，然后用yum安裝httpd，在CentOS6上面，默認(rèn)的Base源里面是httpd2.2版本；在CentOS7上面，默認(rèn)的Base源里面是httpd2.4版本。
$ iptables -t filter -F
$ setenforce 0
$ yum install httpd
在CentOS7上面查看httpd版本：
$ yum info httpd | grep -i version
Version : 2.4.6
在CentOS6上面查看httpd版本：
$ yum info httpd | grep -i version
Version : 2.2.15
實(shí)驗一：基于主機(jī)名稱的虛擬主機(jī)
在/etc/httpd/conf.d/目錄下面添加一個新的配置項virtualhost.conf，編輯里面的內(nèi)容如下所示，添加NameVirtualHost指令，指明用192.168.5.121:80作為基于FQDN的虛擬主機(jī)，添加兩個VirtualHost配置段，分別使用www1.stuX.com和www2.stuX.com作為主機(jī)名
分別給兩臺虛擬主機(jī)自定義日志功能：
www1.stuX.com的訪問日志是/web/vhosts/www1/access_log
www1.stuX.com的錯誤日志是/web/vhosts/www1/error_log
www2.stuX.com的訪問日志是/web/vhosts/www2/access_log
www2.stuX.com的錯誤日志是/web/vhosts/www2/error_log
之后重啟httpd服務(wù)：
$ cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/virtualhost.conf
NameVirtualHost 192.168.5.121:80
ServerName www1.stuX.com
DocumentRoot "/web/vhosts/www1"
LogFormat "%h %u %t \"%r\" %>s \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" custom1
CustomLog /web/vhosts/www1/access_log custom1
ErrorLog /web/vhosts/www1/error_log
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
ServerName www2.stuX.com
DocumentRoot "/web/vhosts/www2"
LogFormat "%h %u %t \"%r\" %>s \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" custom2
CustomLog /web/vhosts/www2/access_log custom2
ErrorLog /web/vhosts/www2/error_log
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
$ service httpd start
創(chuàng)建/web/vhosts/www1和/web/vhosts/www2目錄，分別在目錄里面添加一個簡單的測試頁面：
$ mkdir -p /web/vhosts/www{1,2}
$ echo "This is www1.stuX.com" > /web/vhosts/www1/index.html
$ echo "This is www2.stuX.com" > /web/vhosts/www2/index.html同樣在/etc/httpd/conf.d目錄下面添加一個新的配置項virtualhost.conf。與CentOS6不同的是，省略掉了NameVirtualHost指令，并且ACL權(quán)限的配置也發(fā)生了變化。使用www3.stuX.com和www4.stuX.com作為主機(jī)名。
定義日志功能：
www3.stuX.com的訪問日志是/web/vhosts/www3/access_log
www3.stuX.com的錯誤日志是/web/vhosts/www3/error_log
www4.stuX.com的訪問日志是/web/vhosts/www4/access_log
www4.stuX.com的錯誤日志是/web/vhosts/www4/error_log
之后重啟httpd.service
ServerName www3.stuX.com
DocumentRoot "/web/vhosts/www3"
LogFormat "%h %u %t \"%r\" %>s \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" custom3
CustomLog /web/vhosts/www3/access_log custom3
ErrorLog /web/vhosts/www3/error_log
Options None
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
Require not ip 192.168.5.190
ServerName www4.stuX.com
DocumentRoot "/web/vhosts/www4"
LogFormat "%h %u %t \"%r\" %>s \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" custom4
CustomLog /web/vhosts/www4/access_log custom3
ErrorLog /web/vhosts/www4/error_log
Options None
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
創(chuàng)建/web/vhosts/www3和/web/vhosts/www4目錄，分別在目錄里面添加一個簡單的測試頁面：
$ mkdir -p /web/vhosts/www{3,4}
$ echo "This is www3.stuX.com" > /web/vhosts/www3/index.html
$ echo "This is www4.stuX.com" > /web/vhosts/www4/index.htmlroot@alternative:~# cat /etc/hosts | grep -i www
192.168.5.121 www1.stuX.com www2.stuX.com
192.168.5.181 www3.stuX.com www4.stuX.com
通過客戶端的測試，可以看到結(jié)果如下所示，完成了基于主機(jī)名的虛擬主機(jī)配置：
root@alternative:~# curl http://www1.stuX.com
This is www1.stuX.com
root@alternative:~# curl http://www2.stuX.com
This is www2.stuX.com
root@alternative:~# curl http://www3.stuX.com
This is www3.stuX.com
root@alternative:~# curl http://www4.stuX.com
This is www4.stuX.com
偽裝客戶端和跳轉(zhuǎn)地址
root@alternative:~# curl -A "curl test" -e "http://www.baidu.com" http://www1.stuX.com
This is www1.stuX.com
root@alternative:~# curl -A "curl test2" -e "http://www.sina.com" http://www2.stuX.com
This is www2.stuX.com
root@alternative:~# curl -A "curl test3" -e "http://www.sohu.com" http://www3.stuX.com
This is www3.stuX.com
root@alternative:~# curl -A "curl test4" -e "http://www.163.com" http://www4.stuX.com
This is www4.stuX.com
發(fā)起一些錯誤的請求，用來檢測error_log是否生效
root@alternative:~# curl http://www1.stuX.com/123
404 Not Found
Not Found
The requested URL /123 was not found on this server.
Apache/2.2.15 (CentOS) Server at www1.stux.com Port 80
root@alternative:~# curl http://www2.stuX.com/456
404 Not Found
Not Found
The requested URL /456 was not found on this server.
Apache/2.2.15 (CentOS) Server at www2.stux.com Port 80
root@alternative:~# curl http://www3.stuX.com/789
404 Not Found
Not Found
The requested URL /789 was not found on this server.
root@alternative:~# curl http://www4.stuX.com/000
404 Not Found
Not Found
The requested URL /000 was not found on this server.
查看一下訪問日志以及錯誤日志：
$ tail -f /web/vhosts/www{1,2}/{access,error}_log
==> /web/vhosts/www1/access_log <==
192.168.5.180 - [02/Jun/2017:14:46:24 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 "-" "curl/7.22.0 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.22.0 OpenSSL/1.0.1 zlib/1.2.3.4 libidn/1.23 librtmp/2.3"
192.168.5.180 - [02/Jun/2017:14:46:40 +0800] "GET /123 HTTP/1.1" 404 "-" "curl/7.22.0 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.22.0 OpenSSL/1.0.1 zlib/1.2.3.4 libidn/1.23 librtmp/2.3"
192.168.5.180 - [02/Jun/2017:14:49:01 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 "http://www.baidu.com" "curl test"
==> /web/vhosts/www1/error_log <==
[Fri Jun 02 14:46:40 2017] [error] [client 192.168.5.180] File does not exist: /web/vhosts/www1/123
==> /web/vhosts/www2/access_log <==
192.168.5.180 - [02/Jun/2017:14:46:28 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 "-" "curl/7.22.0 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.22.0 OpenSSL/1.0.1 zlib/1.2.3.4 libidn/1.23 librtmp/2.3"
192.168.5.180 - [02/Jun/2017:14:46:52 +0800] "GET /456 HTTP/1.1" 404 "-" "curl/7.22.0 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.22.0 OpenSSL/1.0.1 zlib/1.2.3.4 libidn/1.23 librtmp/2.3"
192.168.5.180 - [02/Jun/2017:14:49:16 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 "http://www.sina.com" "curl test2"
==> /web/vhosts/www2/error_log <==
[Fri Jun 02 14:46:52 2017] [error] [client 192.168.5.180] File does not exist: /web/vhosts/www2/456
實(shí)驗二：協(xié)議登錄認(rèn)證
對于httpd2.2版本的www1.stuX.com虛擬主機(jī)，以及httpd2.4版本的www3.stuX.com虛擬主機(jī)，分別添加狀態(tài)監(jiān)控頁面，并且利用第三方模塊mod_auth_mysql.so對用戶賬戶進(jìn)行認(rèn)證與授權(quán)。用戶賬戶存放在192.168.5.121這個節(jié)點(diǎn)的mysql服務(wù)器上面。認(rèn)證采用aes加密認(rèn)證。詳細(xì)配置方案，請參照其他博文。
在mysql里面建立一個名為http_auth的數(shù)據(jù)庫，在該數(shù)據(jù)庫下建立一個名為mysql_auth的數(shù)據(jù)表，在表中添加兩個用戶，分別為admin和root，采用aes_encrypt函數(shù)對密碼進(jìn)行加密，加密用的salt分別為’hello’和’root’。如下所示：
mysql> use http_auth;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------+
| Tables_in_http_auth |
+---------------------+
| mysql_auth |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc mysql_auth;
+-------------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| user_name | char(30) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| user_passwd | tinyblob | YES | | NULL | |
| user_group | char(25) | YES | | NULL | |
| salt | tinyblob | YES | | NULL | |
+-------------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from mysql_auth;
+-----------+------------------+------------+-------+
| user_name | user_passwd | user_group | salt |
+-----------+------------------+------------+-------+
| admin | ?G°??P-S | admin | hello |
| root |???￥V′l?Gχ | admin | root |
+-----------+------------------+------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
注：確保mysql開啟了用戶遠(yuǎn)程訪問的權(quán)限，在這里使用mysql的root@’%’用戶，開啟訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫的權(quán)限：grant all pribileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'root' with grant option
將mod_auth_mysql.so模塊加載進(jìn)來，確保mod_auth_mysql.so模塊在操作系統(tǒng)中存在，并且在/etc/httpd/modules里面有副本，這樣便可以使用相對于ServerRoot的相對路徑來引用，在主配置文件/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf里面添加一行：
LoadModule mysql_auth_module modules/mod_auth_mysql.so
以實(shí)驗一的virtualhost.conf文件為基礎(chǔ)，添加指令段開啟狀態(tài)頁面，并針對狀態(tài)頁面做基于用戶的協(xié)議認(rèn)證，添加權(quán)限控制的選項，如下所示：
注： 針對mod_auth_mysql.so的配置指令，詳細(xì)請參照該模塊的文檔。
注：這里的AuthBasicAuthoritative指令尤為重要，因為使用的是第三方認(rèn)證模塊，如果不設(shè)定為Off的話，httpd將認(rèn)為該模塊為非法模塊從而無法使用。
......
......
SetHandler server-status
Order deny,allow
Allow from all
AuthType Basic
AuthBasicAuthoritative Off
AuthName "auth login"
AuthMySQLHost 192.168.5.121
AuthMySQLPort 3306
AuthMySQLUser root
AuthMySQLPassword shroot
AuthMySQLDB http_auth
AuthMySQLUserTable mysql_auth
AuthMySQLNameField user_name
AuthMySQLPasswordField user_passwd
AuthMySQLEnable on
AuthMySQLPwEncryption aes
AuthMySQLSaltField salt
require valid-user
......
......
配置完畢之后，用service httpd restart命令重啟httpd服務(wù)。
同樣需要將mod_auth_mysql.so添加進(jìn)來，確保mod_auth_mysql.so模塊在操作系統(tǒng)中存在，并且在/etc/httpd/modules里面有副本，這樣便可以使用相對于ServerRoot的相對路徑來引用。
httpd2.4的模塊加載配置文件和上面的httpd2.2的模塊配置加載文件不同，需要在/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d目錄下面創(chuàng)建一個單獨(dú)的模塊加載配置文件，這里創(chuàng)建一個名字為10-mysql.conf的配置文件，在里面添加一行：
LoadModule mysql_auth_module modules/mod_auth_mysql.so
以實(shí)驗一的virtualhost.conf文件為基礎(chǔ)，添加指令段開啟狀態(tài)頁面，并針對狀態(tài)頁面做基于用戶的協(xié)議認(rèn)證，添加權(quán)限控制的選項，如下所示：
注： 針對mod_auth_mysql.so的配置指令，詳細(xì)請參照該模塊的文檔。
注：這里的AuthBasicAuthoritative指令尤為重要，因為使用的是第三方認(rèn)證模塊，如果不設(shè)定為Off的話，httpd將認(rèn)為該模塊為非法模塊從而無法使用。
注：在httpd2.4里面，如果不顯式定義AuthUserFile，有可能會遇到認(rèn)證失敗的情況。因為使用mysql里面的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行認(rèn)證，因此這里只需要指定文件系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)證文件為/dev/null即可。
SetHandler server-status
AuthType Basic
AuthBasicAuthoritative Off
AuthName "auth login"
AuthUserFile /dev/null
AuthMySQLHost 192.168.5.121
AuthMySQLPort 3306
AuthMySQLUser root
AuthMySQLPassword root
AuthMySQLDB http_auth
AuthMySQLUserTable mysql_auth
AuthMySQLNameField user_name
AuthMySQLPasswordField user_passwd
AuthMySQLEnable on
AuthMySQLPwEncryption aes
AuthMySQLSaltField salt
Require valid-user
由于被測試頁面為status狀態(tài)監(jiān)控頁面，因此這里采用Firefox的GUI界面進(jìn)行驗證：
在瀏覽器界面上面鍵入http://www1.stuX.com/status，彈出認(rèn)證對話框，輸入admin用戶名以及密碼，如下圖所示：
可以發(fā)現(xiàn)登錄成功，觀察到的狀態(tài)頁面如下所示：
測試http://www3.stuX.com/status，亦登錄成功，效果如下所示：
下面用curl命令行工具測試一下數(shù)據(jù)庫關(guān)閉以及認(rèn)證錯誤的情況。
模擬一些認(rèn)證錯誤，故意輸入錯誤的用戶名和密碼，測試效果如下：
root@alternative:~# curl -u admin:123 http://www1.stuX.com/status
401 Authorization Required
Authorization Required
This server could not verify that you
are authorized to access the document
requested. Either you supplied the wrong
credentials (e.g., bad password), or your
browser doesn't understand how to supply
the credentials required.
Apache/2.2.15 (CentOS) Server at www1.stux.com Port 80
root@alternative:~# curl -u 123:123 http://www3.stuX.com/status
401 Unauthorized
Unauthorized
This server could not verify that you
are authorized to access the document
requested. Either you supplied the wrong
credentials (e.g., bad password), or your
browser doesn't understand how to supply
the credentials required.
在192.168.5.121上面關(guān)閉mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫，再測試認(rèn)證，發(fā)現(xiàn)認(rèn)證失?。?/p>
$ service mysqld stop
root@alternative:~# curl -u admin:admin http://www3.stuX.com/status
401 Unauthorized
Unauthorized
This server could not verify that you
are authorized to access the document
requested. Either you supplied the wrong
credentials (e.g., bad password), or your
browser doesn't understand how to supply
the credentials required.
相關(guān)的錯誤日志文件輸出：
[Sun Jun 04 19:23:22 2017] [error] [pid 16685] mod_auth_mysql.c(521): [client 192.168.5.180:55679] MySQL ERROR: Can't connect to MySQL server on '192.168.5.121' (111)
實(shí)驗三：基于IP的簡單ACL控制
配置基于IP的簡單認(rèn)證規(guī)則，使得：
192.168.5.180這臺客戶端無法訪問www1.stuX.com
192.168.5.190這臺客戶端無法訪問www3.stuX.com
CentOS6, httpd2.2環(huán)境下
在實(shí)驗二的virtualhost.conf配置文件基礎(chǔ)上，在里面添加Deny from，如下所示：
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
Deny from 192.168.5.180/32
重啟httpd服務(wù)service httpd restart
CentOS7 httpd2.4環(huán)境下
在實(shí)驗二的virtualhost.conf配置文件的基礎(chǔ)上，在里面添加標(biāo)簽，并配置IP訪問權(quán)限，如下所示：
Options None
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
Require not ip 192.168.5.190
在192.168.5.180這臺機(jī)器上面用curl命令訪問，發(fā)現(xiàn)www1.stuX.com訪問失敗，提示403 Forbidden錯誤，證明訪問控制生效。www3.stuX.com可以正常訪問。
root@alternative:~# curl http://www1.stuX.com/index.html
403 Forbidden
Forbidden
You don't have permission to access /index.html
on this server.
Apache/2.2.15 (CentOS) Server at www1.stux.com Port 80
root@alternative:~#
root@alternative:~# curl http://www3.stuX.com/index.html
This is www3.stuX.com
在192.168.5.190這臺機(jī)器上面用curl命令訪問，發(fā)現(xiàn)www3.stuX.com訪問失敗，提示403 Forbidden錯誤，證明訪問控制生效。www1.stuX.com可以正常訪問。
root@ubuntu-node1:~# curl http://www3.stuX.com/index.html
403 Forbidden
Forbidden
You don't have permission to access /index.html
on this server.
root@ubuntu-node1:~# curl http://www1.stuX.com/index.html
This is www1.stuX.com
實(shí)驗四：基于虛擬主機(jī)的https服務(wù)
分別為www2.stuX.com和www4.stuX.com建立https服務(wù)，選用192.168.5.182這臺機(jī)器作為CA。
首先需要將httpd2.2服務(wù)器、httpd2.4服務(wù)器、CA服務(wù)器、客戶端進(jìn)行時間同步，如果不同步的話，有可能會出現(xiàn)httpd服務(wù)器或者客戶端的時間要早于CA根證書的有效起始時間，從而導(dǎo)致錯誤。使用ntpdate命令或者ntpd服務(wù)進(jìn)行時間同步，詳細(xì)步驟請參照linux的ntp服務(wù)及配置。
首先生成私鑰:
$ cd /etc/pki/CA
$ (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048)
$ ls -al private/
total 4
drwx------. 2 root root 22 Jun 4 20:16 .
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 57 Mar 20 06:43 ..
-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jun 4 20:16 cakey.pem
然后通過私鑰生成自簽名證書：
$ openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 365
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:BJ
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:BJ
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:CA
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:caexec
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ca.caexec.com
Email Address []:
$ touch index.txt serial
$ echo 01 > serial
$ ls /etc/pki/CA
cacert.pem certs crl index.txt newcerts private serial
首先生成私鑰
$ mkdir /web/vhosts/www2/ssl
$ cd /web/vhosts/www2/ssl/
$ (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out www2.key 2048)
根據(jù)私鑰生成證書申請請求
$ openssl req -new -key www2.key -out www2.csr
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:BJ
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:BJ
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:CA
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:ops
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www2.stuX.com
Email Address []:
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
將證書申請請求發(fā)送到CA服務(wù)器上面，CA進(jìn)行簽名，簽完之后再返回給httpd2.2服務(wù)器
$ openssl ca -in www2.csr -out www2.crt -days 365
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
Validity
Not Before: Jun 4 14:23:12 2017 GMT
Not After : Jun 4 14:23:12 2018 GMT
Subject:
countryName = CN
stateOrProvinceName = BJ
organizationName = CA
organizationalUnitName = ops
commonName = www2.stuX.com
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
Netscape Comment:
OpenSSL Generated Certificate
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
99:13:92:93:B4:64:FF:15:70:6A:FF:6A:E0:C1:AA:E9:C1:28:13:47
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:D0:3B:30:3D:AF:76:F3:47:7D:83:FA:F1:19:F9:1D:29:11:9C:42:E1
Certificate is to be certified until Jun 4 14:23:12 2018 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
確保httpd2.2服務(wù)器上面安裝有mod_ssl模塊，如果沒有的話，用yum install mod_ssl安裝，或者編譯安裝。
$ httpd -M | grep ssl
ssl_module (shared)
Syntax OK
創(chuàng)建一個測試頁面ssl.html
echo "This is ssl page for www2.stuX.com." > /web/vhosts/www2/ssl.html
在原有的virtualhost.conf文件上面配置一個新的，提供https服務(wù)，并將服務(wù)器私鑰和CA簽發(fā)的證書配置上去，配置完畢之后，重啟httpd服務(wù)service httpd restart：
ServerName www2.stuX.com
DocumentRoot "/web/vhosts/www2"
DirectoryIndex ssl.html
ErrorLog /web/vhosts/www2/ssl_error_log
LogLevel info
TransferLog /web/vhosts/www2/ssl_access_log
SSLEngine on
SSLProtocol all -SSLv2
SSLCipherSuite DEFAULT:!EXP:!SSLv2:!DES:!IDEA:!SEED:+3DES
SSLCertificateFile /web/vhosts/www2/ssl/www2.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /web/vhosts/www2/ssl/www2.key
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
生成私鑰
$ mkdir /web/vhosts/www4/ssl
$ cd /web/vhosts/www4/ssl/
$ (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out www4.key 2048)
根據(jù)私鑰生成證書申請請求
$ openssl req -new -key www4.key -out www4.csr
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:BJ
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:BJ
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:CA
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:ops
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www4.stuX.com
Email Address []:
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
將證書申請請求發(fā)送到CA服務(wù)器上面，CA進(jìn)行簽名，簽完之后再返回給httpd2.2服務(wù)器
$ openssl ca -in www4.csr -out www4.crt -days 365
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
Serial Number: 2 (0x2)
Validity
Not Before: Jun 4 16:14:45 2017 GMT
Not After : Jun 4 16:14:45 2018 GMT
Subject:
countryName = CN
stateOrProvinceName = BJ
organizationName = CA
organizationalUnitName = ops
commonName = www4.stuX.com
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
Netscape Comment:
OpenSSL Generated Certificate
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
DE:84:D5:8C:11:7F:F8:C4:F4:26:49:A3:C2:0E:1A:07:62:00:06:8F
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:D0:3B:30:3D:AF:76:F3:47:7D:83:FA:F1:19:F9:1D:29:11:9C:42:E1
Certificate is to be certified until Jun 4 16:14:45 2018 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
確保httpd2.4服務(wù)器上面安裝有mod_ssl模塊，如果沒有的話，用yum install mod_ssl安裝，或者編譯安裝。
$ httpd -M | grep ssl
ssl_module (shared)
創(chuàng)建一個測試頁面ssl.html
echo "This is ssl page for www4.stuX.com." > /web/vhosts/www4/ssl.html
在原有的virtualhost.conf文件上面配置一個新的，提供https服務(wù)，并將服務(wù)器私鑰和CA簽發(fā)的證書配置上去，配置完畢之后，重啟httpd服務(wù)systemctl restart httpd.service：
ServerName www4.stuX.com
DocumentRoot "/web/vhosts/www4"
DirectoryIndex ssl.html
ErrorLog /web/vhosts/www4/ssl_error_log
LogLevel info
TransferLog /web/vhosts/www4/ssl_access_log
SSLEngine on
SSLProtocol all -SSLv2
SSLCipherSuite DEFAULT:!EXP:!SSLv2:!DES:!IDEA:!SEED:+3DES
SSLCertificateFile /web/vhosts/www4/ssl/www4.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /web/vhosts/www4/ssl/www4.key
Options None
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
將CA服務(wù)器的自簽名證書拷貝到客戶端上面，用curl工具進(jìn)行測試，分別訪問httpd2.2服務(wù)器和httpd2.4服務(wù)器的https服務(wù)頁面：
root@alternative:~# curl --cacert cacert.pem https://www2.stuX.com
This is ssl page for www2.stuX.com.
root@alternative:~# curl --cacert cacert.pem https://www4.stuX.com
This is ssl page for www4.stuX.com.
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當(dāng)前題目：Apachehttpd2.2版本以及2.4版本部分實(shí)驗-創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)
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