本篇內(nèi)容主要講解“MySQL優(yōu)化器追蹤分析”，感興趣的朋友不妨來看看。本文介紹的方法操作簡單快捷，實(shí)用性強(qiáng)。下面就讓小編來帶大家學(xué)習(xí)“mysql優(yōu)化器追蹤分析”吧!

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以下 left join語句，d表與s表關(guān)聯(lián)，當(dāng)where條件在d.deptid上時(shí)，s表無法走索引。因此通過開啟trace方式做一些追蹤。
root@(none) 09:20:20>explain SELECT * FROM SSS.DEPARTMENT d LEFT JOIN ppp.shop s ON d.DEPTID = s.DEPTID WHERE d.DEPTID = '00001111';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+----------------------------+---------+---------+-------+--------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type  | possible_keys              | key     | key_len | ref   | rows   | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+----------------------------+---------+---------+-------+--------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | d     | NULL       | const | PRIMARY,INDEX_DEPARTMENT_5 | PRIMARY | 130     | const |      1 |   100.00 | NULL        |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s     | NULL       | ALL   | NULL                       | NULL    | NULL    | NULL  | 978629 |   100.00 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+----------------------------+---------+---------+-------+--------+----------+-------------+

開啟optimizer_trace：

set optimizer_trace='enabled=on';

 set optimizer_trace_max_mem_size=1000000;

 set end_markers_in_json=on;

 執(zhí)行語句

 select * from information_schema.optimizer_trace\G;

root@(none) 09:39:58> select * from information_schema.optimizer_trace\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
                            QUERY: SELECT * FROM SSS.DEPARTMENT d LEFT JOIN ppp.shop s ON d.DEPTID = s.DEPTID WHERE d.DEPTID = '00001111'
                            TRACE: {
  "steps": [
  
  #準(zhǔn)備階段
    {
      "join_preparation": {
        "select#": 1,
        "steps": [
          {  
          #expanded_query，解析查詢語句，"*" 轉(zhuǎn)換成字段，left join on 處轉(zhuǎn)化成on((`SSS`.`d`.`Deptid` = convert(`ppp`.`s`.`Deptid` using utf8mb4))))
            "expanded_query": "/* select#1 */ select `SSS`.`d`.`Organid` AS `Organid`,。。。`s`.`Status` AS `Status`,`ppp`.`s`.`Stylecategoryid` AS `Stylecategoryid`,`ppp`.`s`.`Turnontime` AS `Turnontime` from (`SSS`.`department` `d` left join `ppp`.`shop` `s` on((`SSS`.`d`.`Deptid` = convert(`ppp`.`s`.`Deptid` using utf8mb4)))) where (`SSS`.`d`.`Deptid` = '00001111')"
          },
          {
          #轉(zhuǎn)化成的nested join語句：
            "transformations_to_nested_joins": {
              "transformations": [
                "parenthesis_removal"
              ] /* transformations */,
              "expanded_query": "/* select#1 */ select `SSS`.`d`.`Organid`。。。 `SSS`.`d`.`Guidecode` AS `Guidecode`,`SSS`.`d`.`Createdate` AS `Createdate`,`SSS`.`d`.`Plateformuser` AS `Plateformuser`,`SSS`.`d`.`Plateformdept` AS `Plateformdept`,`SSS`.`d`.`Agentuser` AS `Agentuser`,`SSS`.`d`.`Agentdept` AS `Agentdept`,`SSS`.`d`.`Shopstatus` AS `Shopstatus`,`SSS`.`d`.`Deptshortname` AS `Deptshortname`,`SSS`.`d`.`Storetype` AS `Storetype`,`SSS`.`d`.`Depttype` AS `Depttype`,`ppp`.`s`.`Shopid` AS `Shopid`,`ppp`.`s`.`Objectid` AS `Objectid`,`ppp`.`s`.`Shopname` AS `Shopname`,`ppp`Tel`,`ppp`.`s`.`Introduce` AS `Introduce`,`ppp`.`s`.`Industry` AS `Industry`,`ppp`.`s`.`Address` AS `Address`,`ppp`.`s`.`Shop360image` AS `Shop360image`,`ppp`.`s`.`Domain` AS `Domain`,`ppp`.`s`.`Organid` AS `Organid`,`ppp`.`s`.`Deptid` AS `Deptid`,`ppp`.`s`.`Brandids` AS `Brandids`,`ppp`.`s`.`Extdata` AS `Extdata`,`ppp`.`s`.`Ranking` AS `Ranking`,`ppp`.`s`.`Isdelete` AS `Isdelete`,`ppp`.`s`.`District` AS `District`,`ppp`.`s`.`City` AS `City`,`ppp`.`s`.`Province` AS `Province`,`ppp`.`s`.`Phone` AS `Phone`,`ppp`.`s`.`Watermarkimage` AS `Watermarkimage`,`ppp`.`s`.`Drawingimage` AS `Drawingimage`,`ppp`.`s`.`Contactuser` AS `Contactuser`,`ppp`.`s`.`Panoloadingimage` AS `Panoloadingimage`,`ppp`.`s`.`Lngandlat` AS `Lngandlat`,`ppp`.`s`.`Createtime` AS `Createtime`,`ppp`.`s`.`Shoptype` AS `Shoptype`,`ppp`.`s`.`Status` AS `Status`,`ppp`.`s`.`Stylecategoryid` AS `Stylecategoryid`,`ppp`.`s`.`Turnontime` AS `Turnontime` from `SSS`.`department` `d` left join `ppp`.`shop` `s` on((`SSS`.`d`.`Deptid` = convert(`ppp`.`s`.`Deptid` using utf8mb4))) where (`SSS`.`d`.`Deptid` = '00001111')"
            } /* transformations_to_nested_joins */
          }
        ] /* steps */
      } /* join_preparation */
    },#準(zhǔn)備階段結(jié)束
    
    
    {
    #優(yōu)化階段：
      "join_optimization": {
        "select#": 1,
        "steps": [
          { 
          #處理where條件部分，化簡條件：
            "condition_processing": {
              "condition": "WHERE",
              "original_condition": "(`SSS`.`d`.`Deptid` = '00001111')",---原始條件
              "steps": [
                {
                  "transformation": "equality_propagation", ----等式處理
                  "resulting_condition": "(`SSS`.`d`.`Deptid` = '00001111')"
                },
                {
                  "transformation": "constant_propagation",-----常量處理
                  "resulting_condition": "(`SSS`.`d`.`Deptid` = '00001111')"
                },
                {
                  "transformation": "trivial_condition_removal",----去除多余無關(guān)的條件處理
                  "resulting_condition": "(`SSS`.`d`.`Deptid` = '00001111')"
                }
              ] /* steps */
            } /* condition_processing */
          },#結(jié)束，因?yàn)檫@里已經(jīng)夠簡化了，所以三次處理后都是同樣的。
          
          {
          #替代產(chǎn)生的字段
            "substitute_generated_columns": {
            } /* substitute_generated_columns */
          },
          
          {
          #表依賴關(guān)系檢查
            "table_dependencies": [
              {
                "table": "`SSS`.`department` `d`", ------表d
                "row_may_be_null": false,
                "map_bit": 0,
                "depends_on_map_bits": [
                ] /* depends_on_map_bits */
              },
              {
                "table": "`ppp`.`shop` `s`", --------表s
                "row_may_be_null": true,
                "map_bit": 1,
                "depends_on_map_bits": [
                  0
                ] /* depends_on_map_bits */
              }
            ] /* table_dependencies */
          }, #表依賴關(guān)系檢查結(jié)束
          
          
          {#找出可使用索引的字段：
            "ref_optimizer_key_uses": [
              {
                "table": "`SSS`.`department` `d`",
                "field": "Deptid", ----------可用的是Deptid
                "equals": "'00001111'",
                "null_rejecting": false ---
              },
              {
                "table": "`SSS`.`department` `d`",
                "field": "Deptid",
                "equals": "'00001111'",
                "null_rejecting": false
              }
            ] /* ref_optimizer_key_uses */
          },
          
          {#評(píng)估每個(gè)表單表訪問行數(shù)及相應(yīng)代價(jià)。
            "rows_estimation": [
              {
                "table": "`SSS`.`department` `d`",
                "rows": 1,   ---返回1行
                "cost": 1,   ---代價(jià)為1
                "table_type": "const",  ---d表使用的方式是const，即根據(jù)主鍵索引獲取
                "empty": false
              },
              {
                "table": "`ppp`.`shop` `s`",
                "table_scan": { -------s表直接使用全表掃描
                  "rows": 978662, ------掃描978662行
                  "cost": 8109    ------代價(jià)為8109
                } /* table_scan */
              }
            ] /* rows_estimation */
          },
          
          
          {#評(píng)估執(zhí)行計(jì)劃，這里考慮兩表連接
            "considered_execution_plans": [
              {
                "plan_prefix": [------------------執(zhí)行計(jì)劃的前綴，這里是d表，因?yàn)槭莑eft join 我認(rèn)為指的應(yīng)該是驅(qū)動(dòng)表的意思
                  "`SSS`.`department` `d`"
                ] /* plan_prefix */,
                "table": "`ppp`.`shop` `s`",
                "best_access_path": {-------最優(yōu)訪問路徑
                  "considered_access_paths": [考慮的訪問路徑
                    {
                      "rows_to_scan": 978662,---掃描978662行
                      "access_type": "scan",--------全表掃描的方式
                      "resulting_rows": 978662,
                      "cost": 203841,----------使用代價(jià)
                      "chosen": true-------選中
                    }
                  ] /* considered_access_paths */
                } /* best_access_path */,
                "condition_filtering_pct": 100,條件過濾率100%，指的是這里與上一個(gè)表進(jìn)行行過濾的行數(shù)
                "rows_for_plan": 978662,------執(zhí)行計(jì)劃的掃描行數(shù)978662
                "cost_for_plan": 203841,-------執(zhí)行計(jì)劃的cost203841
                "chosen": true---------選中
              }
            ] /* considered_execution_plans */
          },
          
          
          {#檢查帶常量表的條件
            "condition_on_constant_tables": "('00001111' = '00001111')",
            "condition_value": true
          },
          
          
          {   #將常量條件作用到表，這里主要是將d表的中的deptid條件作用到s表的deptid
            "attaching_conditions_to_tables": {
              "original_condition": "('00001111' = '00001111')",
              "attached_conditions_computation": [
              ] /* attached_conditions_computation */,
              "attached_conditions_summary": [
                {
                  "table": "`ppp`.`shop` `s`",
                  "attached": "(is_not_null_compl(s), ('00001111' = convert(`ppp`.`s`.`Deptid` using utf8mb4)), true)"
                }
              ] /* attached_conditions_summary */
            } /* attaching_conditions_to_tables */
          },
          
          
          {
            "refine_plan": [
              {
                "table": "`ppp`.`shop` `s`"
              }
            ] /* refine_plan */
          }
        ] /* steps */
      } /* join_optimization */
    },
    
    {
      "join_execution": {
        "select#": 1,
        "steps": [
        ] /* steps */
      } /* join_execution */
    }
    
  ] /* steps */
}
MISSING_BYTES_BEYOND_MAX_MEM_SIZE: 0
          INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGES: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

以上優(yōu)化器的主要步驟：

1.join_preparation ：準(zhǔn)備階段，包查詢語句轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn)換成嵌套循環(huán)語句等

   expanded_query

   transformations_to_nested_joins

2.join_optimization ：優(yōu)化階段，包括以下主要階段

  condition_processing ：處理where條件部分，主要包括等式處理、常量處理、多余條件處理

  table_dependencies ：表依賴檢查

  ref_optimizer_key_uses ：評(píng)估可用的索引

  rows_estimation        ：評(píng)估訪問單表的方式，及掃描的行數(shù)與代價(jià)

  considered_execution_plans ：評(píng)估最終可使用的執(zhí)行計(jì)劃

  condition_on_constant_tables :檢查帶常量表的條件

  attaching_conditions_to_tables ：將常量條件作用到表

  refine_plan 改進(jìn)計(jì)劃，不理解

3.join_execution  ：執(zhí)行階段

通過以上可以看錯(cuò)，當(dāng)優(yōu)化器一開始對(duì)優(yōu)化器進(jìn)行評(píng)估時(shí)就直接選擇了全表掃描的方式，即是說此時(shí)優(yōu)化器直接忽視了s表已有的索引IND_SHOP_DEPTID。

我們將以下的d.DEPTID = '00001111' 換成s.DEPTID = '00001111',發(fā)現(xiàn)其可以選擇了索引，此時(shí)s表看起來做了驅(qū)動(dòng)表。

SELECT * FROM SSS.DEPARTMENT d LEFT JOIN ppp.shop s ON d.DEPTID = s.DEPTID WHERE s.DEPTID = '00001111';
root@SSS 04:28:39>explain  SELECT * FROM SSS.DEPARTMENT d LEFT JOIN ppp.shop s ON d.DEPTID = s.DEPTID WHERE s.DEPTID = '00001111';
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+----------------------------+-----------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type   | possible_keys              | key             | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+----------------------------+-----------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | s     | NULL       | ref    | IND_SHOP_DEPTID            | IND_SHOP_DEPTID | 99      | const |    1 |   100.00 | NULL        |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | d     | NULL       | eq_ref | PRIMARY,INDEX_DEPARTMENT_5 | PRIMARY         | 130     | func  |    1 |   100.00 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+----------------------------+-----------------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

追蹤優(yōu)化器過程：

1.在ref_optimizer_key_uses 過程找到s表可以通過"'00001111'"走索引，并且通過"Deptid"等值訪問

2.在rows_estimation過程中s表選擇IND_SHOP_DEPTID的cost最低。

3.在considered_execution_plans過程選擇IND_SHOP_DEPTID的訪問路徑，并訪問方式是ref。

  {
            "ref_optimizer_key_uses": [
              {
                "table": "`SSS`.`department` `d`",
                "field": "Deptid",
                "equals": "convert(`ppp`.`s`.`Deptid` using utf8mb4)",
                "null_rejecting": false
              },
              {
                "table": "`SSS`.`department` `d`",
                "field": "Deptid",
                "equals": "convert(`ppp`.`s`.`Deptid` using utf8mb4)",
                "null_rejecting": false
              },
              {
                "table": "`ppp`.`shop` `s`",
                "field": "Deptid",
                "equals": "'00001111'",
                "null_rejecting": false
              }
            ] /* ref_optimizer_key_uses */
          },
          {
            "rows_estimation": [
              {
                "table": "`SSS`.`department` `d`",
                "table_scan": {
                  "rows": 911858,
                  "cost": 7212
                } /* table_scan */
              },
              {
                "table": "`ppp`.`shop` `s`",
                "range_analysis": {
                  "table_scan": {
                    "rows": 959814,
                    "cost": 200074
                  } /* table_scan */,
                  "potential_range_indexes": [
                    {
                      "index": "PRIMARY",
                      "usable": false,
                      "cause": "not_applicable"
                    },
                    {
                      "index": "IND_SHOP_DEPTID",
                      "usable": true,
                      "key_parts": [
                        "Deptid",
                        "Shopid"
                      ] /* key_parts */
                    },
                    {
                      "index": "IND_SHOP_DOMAIN",
                      "usable": false,
                      "cause": "not_applicable"
                    }
                  ] /* potential_range_indexes */,
                  "setup_range_conditions": [
                  ] /* setup_range_conditions */,
                  "group_index_range": {
                    "chosen": false,
                    "cause": "not_single_table"
                  } /* group_index_range */,
                  "analyzing_range_alternatives": {
                    "range_scan_alternatives": [
                      {
                        "index": "IND_SHOP_DEPTID",
                        "ranges": [
                          "00001111 <= Deptid <= 00001111"
                        ] /* ranges */,
                        "index_dives_for_eq_ranges": true,
                        "rowid_ordered": true,
                        "using_mrr": false,
                        "index_only": false,
                        "rows": 1,
                        "cost": 2.21,
                        "chosen": true
                      }
                    ] /* range_scan_alternatives */,
                    "analyzing_roworder_intersect": {
                      "usable": false,
                      "cause": "too_few_roworder_scans"
                    } /* analyzing_roworder_intersect */
                  } /* analyzing_range_alternatives */,
                  "chosen_range_access_summary": {
                    "range_access_plan": {
                      "type": "range_scan",
                      "index": "IND_SHOP_DEPTID",
                      "rows": 1,
                      "ranges": [
                        "00001111 <= Deptid <= 00001111"
                      ] /* ranges */
                    } /* range_access_plan */,
                    "rows_for_plan": 1,
                    "cost_for_plan": 2.21,
                    "chosen": true
                  } /* chosen_range_access_summary */
                } /* range_analysis */
              }
            ] /* rows_estimation */
          },
          {
            "considered_execution_plans": [
              {
                "plan_prefix": [
                ] /* plan_prefix */,
                "table": "`ppp`.`shop` `s`",
                "best_access_path": {
                  "considered_access_paths": [
                    {
                      "access_type": "ref",
                      "index": "IND_SHOP_DEPTID",
                      "rows": 1,
                      "cost": 1.2,
                      "chosen": true
                    },
                    {
                      "access_type": "range",
                      "range_details": {
                        "used_index": "IND_SHOP_DEPTID"
                      } /* range_details */,
                      "chosen": false,
                      "cause": "heuristic_index_cheaper"
                    }
                  ] /* considered_access_paths */
                } /* best_access_path */,
                "condition_filtering_pct": 100,
                "rows_for_plan": 1,
                "cost_for_plan": 1.2,
                "rest_of_plan": [
                  {
                    "plan_prefix": [
                      "`ppp`.`shop` `s`"
                    ] /* plan_prefix */,
                    "table": "`SSS`.`department` `d`",
                    "best_access_path": {
                      "considered_access_paths": [
                        {
                          "access_type": "eq_ref",
                          "index": "PRIMARY",
                          "rows": 1,
                          "cost": 1.2,
                          "chosen": true,
                          "cause": "clustered_pk_chosen_by_heuristics"
                        },
                        {
                          "access_type": "scan",
                          "cost": 189584,
                          "rows": 911858,
                          "chosen": false,
                          "cause": "cost"
                        }
                      ] /* considered_access_paths */
                    } /* best_access_path */,
                    "added_to_eq_ref_extension": true,
                    "condition_filtering_pct": 100,
                    "rows_for_plan": 1,
                    "cost_for_plan": 2.4,
                    "chosen": true
                  }
                ] /* rest_of_plan */
              }
            ] /* considered_execution_plans */

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