重慶分公司
重慶分公司
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 6
First sector (141940736-419430399, default 141940736):
Using default value 141940736
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (141940736-419430399, default 419430399): +10G
Partition 6 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.(2)mkfs創(chuàng)建文件系統(tǒng)：
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 -b 2048 -m 20 -L MYDATA /dev/sda6/
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Could not stat /dev/sda6/ --- Not a directory
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 -b 2048 -m 20 -L MYDATA /dev/sda6
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=MYDATA
OS type: Linux
Block size=2048 (log=1)
Fragment size=2048 (log=1)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
655360 inodes, 5242880 blocks
1048576 blocks (20.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=273678336
320 block groups
16384 blocks per group, 16384 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368, 802816, 1327104,
2048000, 3981312
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done(3)掛載至/mydata目錄，要求掛載時(shí)禁止程序自動(dòng)運(yùn)行，且不更新文件的訪問(wèn)時(shí)間戳。并設(shè)置開(kāi)機(jī)自動(dòng)掛載
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /mydata
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/sda6 /mydata ext4 defaults,noatime,noexec 0 0
[root@localhost ~]# mount -a
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 47G 5.2G 42G 12% /
devtmpfs 523M 0 523M 0% /dev
tmpfs 538M 0 538M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 538M 7.8M 530M 2% /run
tmpfs 538M 0 538M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 151M 346M 31% /boot
/dev/sda3 19G 39M 19G 1% /data
tmpfs 108M 4.0K 108M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 108M 32K 108M 1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sr0 8.1G 8.1G 0 100% /run/media/wl/CentOS 7 x86_64
tmpfs 108M 0 108M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sda6 9.8G 13M 7.8G 1% /mydata[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 7
First sector (162914304-419430399, default 162914304):
Using default value 162914304
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (162914304-419430399, default 419430399): +1G
Partition 7 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-7, default 7): 7
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 82
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux swap / Solaris'
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# mkswap /dev/sda7
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1048572 KiB
no label, UUID=ba42d9ae-41a0-4829-bd14-a32834cf6ec9
[root@localhost ~]# swapon /dev/sda7
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/sda7 swap swap defaults 0 0#!/bin/bash
#判斷系統(tǒng)是否存在20個(gè)用戶
id_sum=$( cat /etc/passwd | wc -l )
[ ${id_sum} -lt 20 ] && echo "用戶個(gè)數(shù)小于20" && exit 2
id1=$(head -10 /etc/passwd | tail -1 | cut -d: -f3)
id2=$(head -20 /etc/passwd | tail -1 | cut -d: -f3)
idsum=$[${id1}+${id2}]
echo "Ths sum is $idsum"
[root@localhost scripts]# bash -x idsum2.sh
++ cat /etc/passwd
++ wc -l
+ id_sum=58
+ '[' 58 -lt 20 ']'
++ head -10 /etc/passwd
++ tail -1
++ cut -d: -f3
+ id1=11
++ head -20 /etc/passwd
++ tail -1
++ cut -d: -f3
+ id2=997
+ idsum=1008
+ echo 'Ths sum is 1008'
Ths sum is 1008#!/bin/bash
hostName=$(hostname)
[ -z "${hostName}" -o "${hostName}" == "localhost.localdomain" -o "${hostName}" == "locahost" ] && hostnamectl set-hostname www.magedu.com || echo "主機(jī)名:${hostName},不要修改"
[root@localhost scripts]# bash -x hostname.sh
++ hostname
+ hostName=localhost.localdomain
+ '[' -z localhost.localdomain -o localhost.localdomain == localhost.localdomain -o localhost.localdomain == locahost ']'
+ hostnamectl set-hostname www.magedu.com#!/bin/bash
#腳本判斷參數(shù)用戶ID奇偶類型
[ $# -lt 1 ] && echo "At least a username " && exit 1
! id $1 && echo "No such user" && exit 2
userid=$(id -u $1)
useri=$[${userid}%2]
if [ ${useri} -eq 0 ];then
echo "$1 ID 是偶數(shù)"
else
echo "$1 ID 是奇數(shù)"
fi
root@localhost scripts]# bash -xv id.sh user3
#!/bin/bash
#腳本判斷參數(shù)用戶ID奇偶類型
[ $# -lt 1 ] && echo "At least a username " && exit 1
+ '[' 1 -lt 1 ']'
! id $1 && echo "No such user" && exit 2
+ id user3
uid=1003(user3) gid=1003(user3) groups=1003(user3)
userid=$(id -u $1)
++ id -u user3
+ userid=1003
useri=$[${userid}%2]
+ useri=1
if [ ${useri} -eq 0 ];then
echo "$1 ID 是偶數(shù)"
else
echo "$1 ID 是奇數(shù)"
fi
+ '[' 1 -eq 0 ']'
+ echo 'user3 ID 是奇數(shù)'
user3 ID 是奇數(shù)
(2)LVM 基本術(shù)語(yǔ):
(a)物理存儲(chǔ)介質(zhì)(PhysicalStorageMedia):
指系統(tǒng)上最底層的物理存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備：磁盤(pán)，例如：/dev/sda、/dev/sdb等
(b)物理卷(Physical Volume, PV)：
指磁盤(pán)、磁盤(pán)分區(qū)或RAID設(shè)備，使用LVM前需要先將之制作成便于識(shí)別的物理卷PV
(c)卷組(Volume Group, VG):
卷組由一個(gè)或多個(gè)物理卷PV組成，在卷組之上可創(chuàng)建一個(gè)或多個(gè)邏輯卷LV。卷組VG類似于非LVM系統(tǒng)的 物理磁盤(pán)
(d)邏輯卷(Logical Volume, LV)：
建立在卷組VG之上，相當(dāng)于邏輯分區(qū)，可在邏輯卷LV上進(jìn)行一系列操作（例如：格式化、掛載等）。 邏輯卷LV類似于非LVM系統(tǒng)的磁盤(pán)分區(qū)
(d)物理擴(kuò)展塊(Physical Extent, PE)：
當(dāng)物理卷PV加入某一卷組VG后即被劃分為基本單元PE，PE是LVM尋址的最小單元。PE的大小是可配置的，默認(rèn)為4M。
(e)邏輯擴(kuò)展塊(Logical Extent, LE):
卷組VG將PE劃分給邏輯卷LV，在邏輯卷LV中的PE稱為L(zhǎng)E。在同一卷組VG中，PE和LE大小相同，且相互對(duì)應(yīng)。LE也是LVM的最小尋址單位。(3)LVM基本操作:
(a)pv管理工具：
pvs：簡(jiǎn)要pv信息顯示
pvdisplay：顯示pv的詳細(xì)信息
pvcreate /dev/DEVICE: 創(chuàng)建pv(b)vg管理工具：
vgs
vgdisplay
vgcreate [-s #[kKmMgGtTpPeE]] VolumeGroupName PhysicalDevicePath [PhysicalDevicePath...]
vgextend VolumeGroupName PhysicalDevicePath [PhysicalDevicePath...]
vgreduce VolumeGroupName PhysicalDevicePath [PhysicalDevicePath...]
先做pvmove
vgremove(c)lv管理工具：
lvs
lvdisplay
lvcreate -L #[mMgGtT] -n NAME VolumeGroup
vremove /dev/VG_NAME/LV_NAME(d)擴(kuò)展邏輯卷：
# lvextend -L [+]#[mMgGtT] /dev/VG_NAME/LV_NAME
# resize2fs /dev/VG_NAME/LV_NAME(e)縮減邏輯卷：
# umount /dev/VG_NAME/LV_NAME# e2fsck -f /dev/VG_NAME/LV_NAME
# resize2fs /dev/VG_NAME/LV_NAME #[mMgGtT]
# lvreduce -L [-]#[mMgGtT] /dev/VG_NAME/LV_NAME
# mount另外有需要云服務(wù)器可以了解下創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)cdcxhl.cn，海內(nèi)外云服務(wù)器15元起步，三天無(wú)理由+7*72小時(shí)售后在線，公司持有idc許可證，提供“云服務(wù)器、裸金屬服務(wù)器、高防服務(wù)器、香港服務(wù)器、美國(guó)服務(wù)器、虛擬主機(jī)、免備案服務(wù)器”等云主機(jī)租用服務(wù)以及企業(yè)上云的綜合解決方案，具有“安全穩(wěn)定、簡(jiǎn)單易用、服務(wù)可用性高、性價(jià)比高”等特點(diǎn)與優(yōu)勢(shì)，專為企業(yè)上云打造定制，能夠滿足用戶豐富、多元化的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景需求。
