這篇文章主要介紹springboot錯(cuò)誤處理的示例分析,文中介紹的非常詳細(xì),具有一定的參考價(jià)值,感興趣的小伙伴們一定要看完!
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在 java web開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中,難免會(huì)有一些系統(tǒng)異常或人為產(chǎn)生一些異常。在 RESTful springboot 項(xiàng)目中如何優(yōu)雅的處理?
分析:在RESTful 風(fēng)格的springboot 項(xiàng)目中,返回的都是 body 對(duì)象,所以定義一個(gè)結(jié)果基類(lèi),其中包含 status,message,data(請(qǐng)求方法的返回結(jié)果),是比較合適的。
如果定義多個(gè)異常類(lèi)進(jìn)行處理,會(huì)比較麻煩。比如StudentNotExistsException、StudentExistsException。。。等,并且不能指定錯(cuò)誤碼,不方便前端根據(jù)錯(cuò)誤碼進(jìn)行處理。
說(shuō)明:一般的spring mvc模型處理流程如下
一般controller層 -> Service層 -> Dao層。
1.controller層,接受請(qǐng)求,進(jìn)行分頁(yè),DTO對(duì)象封裝操作。
2.service層,執(zhí)行邏輯,控制并發(fā),事務(wù)。
3.Dao層,與數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)交互。
使用一個(gè)學(xué)生表的處理進(jìn)行說(shuō)明:
1、定義常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤枚舉 StudentExceptionEnum
public enum StudentExceptionEnum { STUDENT_NOT_EXIST(1004,"學(xué)生不存在,請(qǐng)確認(rèn)后再查"), STUDENT_EXIST(1005,"學(xué)生已存在"); private Integer status; private String comment; StudentExceptionEnum(Integer status, String comment) { this.status = status; this.comment = comment; } public Integer getStatus() { return status; } public void setStatus(Integer status) { this.status = status; } public String getComment() { return comment; } public void setComment(String comment) { this.comment = comment; } }
2 定義一個(gè)基本的處理結(jié)果類(lèi) RequestResult
@Data public class RequestResult { private String message; private Integer status; private Object data; public RequestResult(String message, Integer status, Object data) { this.message = message; this.status = status; this.data = data; } public RequestResult(String message, Integer status) { this.message = message; this.status = status; } public RequestResult(String message, StudentExceptionEnum requestExceptionEnum) { this.message = message; this.status = requestExceptionEnum.getStatus(); } public RequestResult() { status = 200; message = "ok"; } public static RequestResult OK(Object data) { RequestResult result = new RequestResult(); result.setData(data); return result; } public static RequestResult EXCEPTION(String message, Integer status) { return new RequestResult(message, status); } public static RequestResult EXCEPTION(String message, StudentExceptionEnum requestExceptionEnum) { return new RequestResult(message, requestExceptionEnum); } }
3 實(shí)體類(lèi) Student
@Data public class Student implements Serializable{ private String id; private String nickname; private String name; private int age; private String sex; private String address; @Override public String toString() { return ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(this); } }
4 處理請(qǐng)求,添加學(xué)生,nickname 必填項(xiàng)。此處只顯示 Service 片段代碼
@Override public RequestResult addStudent(Student student) { if (studentDao.queryIdByNickname(student.getNickname()) == null) { studentDao.addStudent(student); System.out.println("添加成功"); student = studentDao.queryByNickname(student.getNickname()); return RequestResult.OK(student); } else { return RequestResult.EXCEPTION("用戶" + student.getNickname() + "已存在", StudentExceptionEnum.STUDENT_EXIST); } }
5 此時(shí),已經(jīng)完成了基本的處理情況。下面就進(jìn)行基本的測(cè)試了
5.1 添加一個(gè)新同學(xué)信息
5.2 再次添加讓其出現(xiàn)異常測(cè)試
二、到此基本已大功告成,但是,對(duì)于基本的運(yùn)行時(shí)異常沒(méi)有處理,直接返回給前端會(huì)很不友好。所以要定義一個(gè)全局的 RuntimeException 異常處理類(lèi)。
此處需要使用的關(guān)鍵標(biāo)注: @ExceptionHandler
用法有兩種 1)在處理請(qǐng)求的 Controller 中添加 @ExceptionHandler,此時(shí)該方法只會(huì)處理該 Controller 拋出的異常。
2)將其用在全局的異常處理類(lèi)中,全局異常處理類(lèi)需要使用 @RestControllerAdvice 或 @ControllerAdvice 標(biāo)記
我們需要處理全局的 RuntimeException,所以我們使用第二種方法。當(dāng)然,這樣處理是為了客戶友好型,我們還是要處理這種錯(cuò)誤,怎么辦?就需要將錯(cuò)誤的信息記錄下來(lái),方便以后分析處理。此處使用 logger 進(jìn)行記錄。代碼如下
@RestControllerAdvice public class BaseExceptionHandler { private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BaseExceptionHandler.class); @ExceptionHandler(value = RuntimeException.class) public RequestResult exceptionHandler(HttpServletRequest request,Exception e) { logError(request,e); return RequestResult.EXCEPTION("內(nèi)部處理異常,工程師正在抓緊搶修,請(qǐng)稍后再來(lái)...",500); } public static void logError(HttpServletRequest request, Exception e) { logger.error("請(qǐng)求地址:" + request.getRequestURL()); logger.error("請(qǐng)求方法:" + request.getMethod()); logger.error("請(qǐng)求IP:" + getRemoteIp(request)); logger.error("錯(cuò)誤詳情:"); StackTraceElement[] error = e.getStackTrace(); for (StackTraceElement stackTraceElement : error) { logger.error(stackTraceElement.toString()); } } public static String getRemoteIp(HttpServletRequest request) { String ip = request.getHeader("X-Forwarded-For"); if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP"); } if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP"); } if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_CLIENT_IP"); } if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"); } if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getRemoteAddr(); } } else if (ip.length() > 15) { String[] ips = ip.split(","); for (int index = 0; index < ips.length; index++) { String strIp = (String) ips[index]; if (!("unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(strIp))) { ip = strIp; break; } } } return ip; } }
進(jìn)行測(cè)試看是否生效:
修改添加學(xué)生信息代碼如下:
public RequestResult addStudent(Student student) { int a = 1/0; if (studentDao.queryIdByNickname(student.getNickname()) == null) { studentDao.addStudent(student); System.out.println("添加成功"); student = studentDao.queryByNickname(student.getNickname()); return RequestResult.OK(student); } else { return RequestResult.EXCEPTION("用戶'" + student.getNickname() + "'已存在", StudentExceptionEnum.STUDENT_EXIST); } }
進(jìn)行測(cè)試
后臺(tái)打印錯(cuò)誤信息
2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : 請(qǐng)求地址:http://localhost:8080/demo1/student 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : 請(qǐng)求方法:POST 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : 請(qǐng)求IP:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : 錯(cuò)誤詳情: 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : com.huitong.demo.service.StudentService.addStudent(StudentService.java:71) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : com.huitong.demo.controller.StudentController.addStudent(StudentController.java:38) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:209) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:136) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:102) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:870) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:776) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.125 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:87) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.129 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:991) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.129 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:925) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.129 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:978) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.129 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doPost(FrameworkServlet.java:881) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.129 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:661) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.129 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:855) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:742) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:231) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : com.alibaba.druid.support.http.WebStatFilter.doFilter(WebStatFilter.java:123) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:99) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.HttpPutFormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(HttpPutFormContentFilter.java:109) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.130 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:81) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:200) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:199) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:96) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:496) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:140) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:81) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:87) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:342) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:803) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:790) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1459) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.131 ERROR 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.h.d.controller.BaseExceptionHandler : java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745) 2018-03-26 17:01:19.133 WARN 9136 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] .m.m.a.ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver : Resolved exception caused by Handler execution: java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
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