監(jiān)控cacti/nagios/zabbix(一)cacti

cacti 重圖形，有數(shù)據(jù)歷史，需用到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)支持，支持web配置，默認(rèn)不支持告警，可以加插件；
nagios重狀態(tài)和結(jié)果，沒(méi)有數(shù)據(jù)歷史，不成圖像，不支持web配置，可以自己開(kāi)發(fā)腳本定制個(gè)性化監(jiān)控，支持多種插件；
zabbix有數(shù)據(jù)歷史，可成圖像，支持web配置，可以自動(dòng)發(fā)現(xiàn)；

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第一部分：監(jiān)控軟件Cacti搭建

一、環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備

1、安裝epel擴(kuò)展源

關(guān)閉selinux

臨時(shí)關(guān)閉 setenforce 0

vim /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disbabled

1	`[root@cacti ~]# yum install -y epel-release`

2、搭建lamp環(huán)境

[root@cacti ~]# yum install -y httpd php php-MySQL mysql mysql-server mysql-devel php-gd libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng-devel

[root@cacti ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd start

正在啟動(dòng) httpd： [確定]

[root@cacti ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

初始化 MySQL 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)： Installing MySQL system tables...

OK

Filling help tables...

OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy

support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !

To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'

/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h cacti password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:

/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test

databases and anonymous user created by default. This is

strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

You can start the MySQL daemon with:

cd /usr ; /usr/bin/mysqld_safe &

You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl

cd /usr/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems with the /usr/bin/mysqlbug script!

[確定]

正在啟動(dòng) mysqld： [確定]

3、安裝cacti監(jiān)控主機(jī)

[root@cacti ~]# yum install -y cacti net-snmp net-snmp-utils rrdtool net-snmp-devel net-snmp-libs lm-sensors php-xml zlib libpng freetype cairo-devel pango-devel gd

[root@cacti ~]# /etc/init.d/snmpd start

正在啟動(dòng) snmpd： [確定]

[root@cacti ~]# mysql -u root

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 4

Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> create database cacti;

mysql> grant all on cacti.* to 'cactiuser'@'localhost' identified by 'cactiuser';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit

Bye

[root@cacti ~]# mysql -u root cacti < /usr/share/doc/cacti-0.8.8b/cacti.sql

[root@cacti ~]# vim /usr/share/cacti/include/config.php

$database_type = "mysql";

$database_default = "cacti";

$database_hostname = "localhost";

$database_username = "cactiuser";

$database_password = "cactiuser";

$database_port = "3306";

$database_ssl = false;

[root@cacti ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/cacti.conf

Deny from all 修改為 Allow from all

[root@cacti ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd restart

停止 httpd： [確定]

正在啟動(dòng) httpd： [確定]

4、通過(guò)瀏覽器訪問(wèn)

如果訪問(wèn)不了，請(qǐng)檢查主機(jī)的iptables和selinux

http://IP/cacti/
點(diǎn)兩下“next” 和一次”Finish“ 即可
輸入admin admin 登錄，重新設(shè)置新的密碼

5 查看默認(rèn)主機(jī)

執(zhí)行poller.php, 生成圖形，加入計(jì)劃任務(wù)
/usr/bin/php /usr/share/cacti/poller.php添加cron任務(wù)
cront -e 增加：
*/5 * * * * /usr/bin/php /usr/share/cacti/poller.php

6 添加需要被監(jiān)控的主機(jī)

接下來(lái)我們添加被監(jiān)控的主機(jī)

在被監(jiān)控的主機(jī)上安裝

[root@rsa ~]# yum install -y net-snmp lm_sensors

[root@rsa ~]# vim /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf

#syslocation Unknown (edit /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf)

syslocation 192.168.1.118

#group context sec.model sec.level prefix read write notif

access notConfigGroup "" any noauth exact all none none

view all included .1 80

[root@rsa ~]# /etc/init.d/snmpd start

修改syslocation以及syscontact, 其中syslocation 可以寫(xiě)本機(jī)ip，syscontact寫(xiě)管理員郵箱

view systemview included .1.3.6.1.2.1.1
修改為:
view systemview included .1.3.6.1.2.1（如果不改，可能找不到網(wǎng)卡）

7 啟動(dòng) snmp

/etc/init.d/snmpd start

8 管理cacti后臺(tái)

點(diǎn)console , 再點(diǎn)Device，在右上角點(diǎn)”Add“

Description  寫(xiě)本機(jī)ip或你自定義一個(gè)名字
Hostname  寫(xiě)本機(jī)ip
Host Template  選ucd/net  SNMP Host
SNMP Version  選Version 2
點(diǎn)右下角的create
點(diǎn)右上角的”Create Graphs for this Host“
Graph Types:  選擇SNMP - Interface Statistics
Graph Types:  再選擇 Graph Template Based
在下面的框中，選擇你要監(jiān)控的項(xiàng)目，比如ucd/net - Load Average
在右側(cè)小方塊中打?qū)?，然后點(diǎn)右下角的create
9 添加實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控后臺(tái)

選中”Default Tree“
點(diǎn)右上角的Add
Tree Item Type 選擇 ”Host“
Host 選擇我們剛剛增加的那個(gè)機(jī)器ip
點(diǎn)右下角的create

10 點(diǎn)左上角的Graphs

在左側(cè)可以看到
Defaut Tree下面已經(jīng)增加了我們剛剛添加的主機(jī)，圖形一開(kāi)始不會(huì)那么快出來(lái)，要等一小會(huì)才可以。
參考文章：http://www.it165.net/admin/html/201310/1956.html

Cacti安裝高效輪詢(xún)器spine(轉(zhuǎn))

Cacti默認(rèn)輪詢(xún)器cmd.php執(zhí)行效率有點(diǎn)低，spine為C語(yǔ)言編寫(xiě)的組件，性能要好許多。
編譯安裝spine需以下軟件支持：

1 net-snmp-devel
2 mysql
3 mysql-devel
4 openssl-devel
5 gcc

安裝spine要和Cacti的版本相匹配，本文以最新版cacti0.8.8a安裝為例。

1 cd /usr/local/src/
2 wget http://www.cacti.net/downloads/spine/cacti-spine-0.8.8a.tar.gz
3 tar -zxvf cacti-spine-0.8.8a.tar.gz
4 cd cacti-spine-0.8.8a

編譯：

5 ./configure

6 make && make instatll

配置spine：
1 cd /usr/local/spine/etc/
2 mv spine.conf.dist

/etc/spine.conf
3 vi spine.conf

填寫(xiě)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)信息，即Cacti數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。

DB_Host        localhost
DB_Database    cacti
DB_User        root
DB_Pass        cacti
DB_Port        3306

設(shè)置spine路徑，Console——Settings——Paths
cacti設(shè)置spine路徑
/usr/local/spine/bin/spine
更改cacti輪詢(xún)器為spine，Console——Settings——Poller
cacti更改輪詢(xún)器為spine

運(yùn)行：
#/usr/local/spine/bin/spine
SPINE: Using spine config file [/etc/spine.conf]
SPINE: Version 0.8.7g starting
SPINE: Time: 0.2410 s, Threads: 5, Hosts: 2

說(shuō)明：spine默認(rèn)配置文件需要放在/etc才會(huì)生效，否則報(bào)如下錯(cuò)誤：
SPINE: Poller[0] FATAL: Unable to read configuration file! (Spine init)

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監(jiān)控cacti/nagios/zabbix(一)cacti

Cacti安裝高效輪詢(xún)器spine(轉(zhuǎn))

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