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使用nfs在k8s集群中實(shí)現(xiàn)持久化存儲(chǔ)

準(zhǔn)備NFS服務(wù)192.168.1.244
$ yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
$ systemctl start nfs-server rpcbind
$ systemctl enable nfs-server rpcbind
$ mkdir -p /data/k8s
$ cd /data/k8s
$ echo 11111111 > index.html
$ vim /etc/exports
/data/k8s *(rw,async,no_root_squash)
$ systemctl restart nfs-server
$ exportfs -arv
客戶端測(cè)試,所有k8s節(jié)點(diǎn)都要安裝nfs客戶端
$ yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
$ systemctl start nfs rpcbind
$ systemctl enable nfs rpcbind
$ showmount -e 192.168.1.244

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創(chuàng)建pod直接掛載nfs服務(wù)器

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: nginx
  name: podxx
spec:
  volumes:
  - name: nfs
    nfs:
      server: 192.168.1.244
      path: /data/k8s
  containers:
  - image: nginx
    name: nginx
    volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
      name: nfs

$ kubectl exec podxx -it bash

PV 的全稱是:PersistentVolume(持久化卷),是對(duì)底層的共享存儲(chǔ)的一種抽象,PV 由管理員進(jìn)行創(chuàng)建和配置,它和具體的底層的共享存儲(chǔ)技術(shù)的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式有關(guān),比如 Ceph、GlusterFS、NFS 等,都是通過(guò)插件機(jī)制完成與共享存儲(chǔ)的對(duì)接。
PVC 的全稱是:PersistentVolumeClaim(持久化卷聲明),PVC 是用戶存儲(chǔ)的一種聲明,PVC 和 Pod 比較類似,Pod 消耗的是節(jié)點(diǎn),PVC 消耗的是 PV 資源,Pod 可以請(qǐng)求 CPU 和內(nèi)存,而 PVC 可以請(qǐng)求特定的存儲(chǔ)空間和訪問(wèn)模式。對(duì)于真正使用存儲(chǔ)的用戶不需要關(guān)心底層的存儲(chǔ)實(shí)現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié),只需要直接使用 PVC 即可。

Deployment/pod---->pvc---->pv---->共享存儲(chǔ)
AccessModes(訪問(wèn)模式)
ReadWriteOnce(RWO):讀寫(xiě)權(quán)限,但是只能被單個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)掛載
ReadOnlyMany(ROX):只讀權(quán)限,可以被多個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)掛載
ReadWriteMany(RWX):讀寫(xiě)權(quán)限,可以被多個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)掛載
persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy(回收策略)
Retain(保留)- 保留數(shù)據(jù),需要管理員手工清理數(shù)據(jù)
Recycle(回收)- 清除 PV 中的數(shù)據(jù),效果相當(dāng)于執(zhí)行 rm -rf /thevoluem/*
Delete(刪除)- 與 PV 相連的后端存儲(chǔ)完成 volume 的刪除操作,當(dāng)然這常見(jiàn)于云服務(wù)商的存儲(chǔ)服務(wù),比如 ASW EBS。
目前只有 NFS 和 HostPath 兩種類型支持回收策略。當(dāng)然一般來(lái)說(shuō)還是設(shè)置為 Retain 這種策略保險(xiǎn)一點(diǎn)。
一個(gè) PV 的生命周期中,可能會(huì)處于4中不同的階段
Available(可用):表示可用狀態(tài),還未被任何 PVC 綁定
Bound(已綁定):表示已經(jīng)被 PVC 綁定
Released(已釋放):PVC 被刪除,但是資源還未被集群重新聲明
Failed(失?。?表示該 PV 的自動(dòng)回收失敗

手動(dòng)管理pv和pvc
創(chuàng)建順序:后端存儲(chǔ)---pv---pvc---pod
刪除順序:pod---pvc---pv
1、創(chuàng)建pv

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv2
  labels:
    app: nfs
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 1Gi
  accessModes:
  - ReadWriteOnce
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Recycle
  nfs:
    path: /data/k8s
    server: 192.168.1.244

2、創(chuàng)建pvc

kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: pvc2-nfs
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 1Gi
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nfs

上述pvc會(huì)自動(dòng)和具有訪問(wèn)模式是ReadWriteOnce、storage大于等于1Gi、標(biāo)簽是app: nfs的pv進(jìn)行綁定
3創(chuàng)建pod使用pvc

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nfs-pvc
spec:
  replicas: 3
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nfs-pvc
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
          name: web
        volumeMounts:
        - name: www
          subPath: nginx1        #需要手動(dòng)指定nfs服務(wù)器中的子目錄,該目錄會(huì)自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建
          mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
      volumes:
      - name: www
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: pvc2-nfs        #第2步中創(chuàng)建的pvc

結(jié)果是:共享存儲(chǔ)中的/data/k8s/nginx1會(huì)被掛載到上述pod中的/usr/share/nginx/html目錄

使用StorageClass管理pv和pvc
通常情況下,只有pv是動(dòng)態(tài)生成的(使用StatefulSet的pvc模板除外),其他的還是需要手動(dòng)創(chuàng)建
動(dòng)態(tài)生成pv需要StorageClass和nfs-client-provisioner的共同作用
1、創(chuàng)建nfs-client-provisioner
provisione直接使用nfs服務(wù)器
$ docker pull quay.io/external_storage/nfs-client-provisioner:latest

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: nfs-client-provisioner
spec:
  replicas: 1
  strategy:
    type: Recreate
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nfs-client-provisioner
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: nfs-client-provisioner
      containers:
        - name: nfs-client-provisioner
          image: quay.io/external_storage/nfs-client-provisioner:latest
          volumeMounts:
            - name: nfs-client-root
              mountPath: /persistentvolumes
          env:
            - name: PROVISIONER_NAME
              value: fuseim.pri/ifs
            - name: NFS_SERVER
              value: 192.168.1.244
            - name: NFS_PATH
              value: /data/k8s
      volumes:
        - name: nfs-client-root
          nfs:
            server: 192.168.1.244
            path: /data/k8s
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: nfs-client-provisioner
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: nfs-client-provisioner-runner
rules:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "delete"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update"]
  - apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["storageclasses"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["events"]
    verbs: ["list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["endpoints"]
    verbs: ["create", "delete", "get", "list", "watch", "patch", "update"]
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: run-nfs-client-provisioner
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nfs-client-provisioner
    namespace: default
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: nfs-client-provisioner-runner
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

2、創(chuàng)建StorageClass

apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
  name: course-nfs-storage
provisioner: fuseim.pri/ifs

3、創(chuàng)建pvc并動(dòng)態(tài)生成pv

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: test-pvc
  annotations:
    volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-class: "course-nfs-storage"
spec:
  accessModes:
  - ReadWriteMany
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 500Mi

$ kubectl get pv #pv會(huì)自動(dòng)生成,并和pvc綁定

4、使用上述pvc創(chuàng)建pod
和手動(dòng)管理pv和pvc不同的是,使用StorageClass管理pv和pvc在創(chuàng)建pod時(shí)不用手動(dòng)指定子目錄,會(huì)在存儲(chǔ)服務(wù)器根目錄/data/k8s內(nèi)自動(dòng)生成一個(gè)隨機(jī)子目錄

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nfs-pvc
spec:
  replicas: 3
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nfs-pvc
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
          name: web
        volumeMounts:
        - name: www
          mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
      volumes:
      - name: www
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: test-pvc

經(jīng)過(guò)測(cè)試,不管是手動(dòng)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)pod,還是用deployment創(chuàng)建多個(gè)pod,都只能生成一個(gè)隨機(jī)目錄,也就是一對(duì)pvc和pv對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)持久存儲(chǔ)目錄

5、創(chuàng)建StatefulSet時(shí),直接在其pvc模板中使用StorageClas自動(dòng)生成pv和pvc
$ kubectl explain StatefulSet.spec
volumeClaimTemplates <[]Object>

apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: nfs-web
spec:
  serviceName: "nginx"
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nfs-web
    spec:
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
          name: web
        volumeMounts:
        - name: www
          mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
  volumeClaimTemplates:
  - metadata:
      name: www
      annotations:
        volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-class: course-nfs-storage
    spec:
      accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 1Gi

上述腳本會(huì)生成兩個(gè)pvc,兩個(gè)pv,兩個(gè)pod,在共享存儲(chǔ)根目錄/data/k8s內(nèi)會(huì)自動(dòng)生成兩個(gè)隨機(jī)子目錄,因?yàn)楦北緮?shù)是2
和deployment不同,有狀態(tài)的應(yīng)用必須每個(gè)pod有一個(gè)持久存儲(chǔ)文件夾,不能多個(gè)pod共享一個(gè)


當(dāng)前題目:使用nfs在k8s集群中實(shí)現(xiàn)持久化存儲(chǔ)
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