本篇文章給大家分享的是有關(guān)MongoDB數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)基礎(chǔ)入門(mén)知識(shí)有哪些，小編覺(jué)得挺實(shí)用的，因此分享給大家學(xué)習(xí)，希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后可以有所收獲，話(huà)不多說(shuō)，跟著小編一起來(lái)看看吧。
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Mongodb介紹
Mongodb是一個(gè)基于分布式文件存儲(chǔ)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，由C++語(yǔ)言編寫(xiě)，為WEB應(yīng)用提供可擴(kuò)展的高性能數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)解決方案
Mongodb是一款介于關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)與非關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)之間的產(chǎn)品， Mongodb是不同于以往的如redis、memcached,它是一種叫文檔數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，存儲(chǔ)的是文檔（bson-->json的二進(jìn)制化）
特點(diǎn)：
最大的特點(diǎn)是支持查詢(xún)語(yǔ)言非常強(qiáng)大，內(nèi)部執(zhí)行的引擎是JS解釋器，把文檔存儲(chǔ)成bson結(jié)構(gòu)，查詢(xún)時(shí)將文檔轉(zhuǎn)換成JS對(duì)象文件，并通過(guò)熟悉JS語(yǔ)法來(lái)操作
同傳統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)比較：
1、傳統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)，有表結(jié)構(gòu)，每一行內(nèi)容是符合表結(jié)構(gòu)，且列的類(lèi)型也一樣
2、mongodb數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是以文檔形式存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)，每一個(gè)文檔都是有自己獨(dú)特的結(jié)構(gòu)（js對(duì)象）與屬性、值，因此它沒(méi)有特定的規(guī)范與格式
Mongodb安裝
官方網(wǎng)站：http://mongodb.org
下載最新的stable版本
[root@mingongge ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@mingongge src]# wget https://www.mongodb.com/dr/fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.4.6.tgz
[root@Centos-2 src]# tar zxf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.4.6.tgz
[root@Centos-2 src]# cd mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.4.6
[root@Centos-2 mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.4.6]# cd bin/
[root@Centos-2 bin]# ll
total 277780
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10431547 Jul 6 02:23 bsondump
#二進(jìn)制導(dǎo)出（bson結(jié)構(gòu)）
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 29870496 Jul 6 02:48 mongo
#客戶(hù)端
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 54389424 Jul 6 02:48 mongod
#服務(wù)端
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12771652 Jul 6 02:24 mongodump
#導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10783691 Jul 6 02:23 mongoexport
#導(dǎo)出易識(shí)別的json文檔或CSV
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10668482 Jul 6 02:23 mongofiles
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10942731 Jul 6 02:23 mongoimport
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10433507 Jul 6 02:24 mongooplog
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 53753432 Jul 6 02:48 mongoperf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14070941 Jul 6 02:24 mongoreplay
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14127528 Jul 6 02:24 mongorestore
#導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 30539024 Jul 6 02:48 mongos
#路由器（分片）
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 11003296 Jul 6 02:23 mongostat
#狀態(tài)
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10631445 Jul 6 02:24 mongotop
[root@Centos-2 src]# mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.4.6 /usr/local/mongodb
[root@Centos-2 src]# cd /usr/local/mongodb/
啟動(dòng)服務(wù)
創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)目錄與日志目錄
[root@Centos-2 ~]# mkdir /data/mongodb -p
[root@Centos-2 ~]# mkdir /data/mongodblog -p
[root@Centos-2 mongodb]# ./bin/mongod --dbpath /data/mongodb/ --logpath /data/mongodblog/mongo.log --fork --port 27017
about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 19027
child process started successfully, parent exiting
[root@Centos-2 mongodb]# lsof -i :27017
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mongod 19027 root 7u IPv4 48419 0t0 TCP *:27017 (LISTEN)
參數(shù)說(shuō)明：
--dbpath 指定數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)目錄
--logpath 指定日志存儲(chǔ)目錄
--fork 后臺(tái)運(yùn)行
--port 指定端口（默認(rèn)27017）
連接數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
[root@Centos-2 mongodb]# ./bin/mongo
MongoDB shell version v3.4.6
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017
MongoDB server version: 3.4.6
Server has startup warnings:
2017-07-29T10:36:50.683+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten]
2017-07-29T10:36:50.683+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Using the XFS filesystem is strongly recommended with the WiredTiger storage engine
2017-07-29T10:36:50.683+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten] ** See http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/prodnotes-filesystem
2017-07-29T10:36:51.494+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2017-07-29T10:36:51.494+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database.
2017-07-29T10:36:51.494+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted.
2017-07-29T10:36:51.494+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended.
2017-07-29T10:36:51.494+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2017-07-29T10:36:51.495+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2017-07-29T10:36:51.495+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.
2017-07-29T10:36:51.495+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'
2017-07-29T10:36:51.495+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2017-07-29T10:36:51.495+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.
2017-07-29T10:36:51.496+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never'
2017-07-29T10:36:51.496+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2017-07-29T10:36:51.496+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: soft rlimits too low. rlimits set to 7671 processes, 65535 files. Number of processes should be at least 32767.5 : 0.5 times number of files.
2017-07-29T10:36:51.496+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
報(bào)錯(cuò)解決方法如下：
WARNING: Using the XFS filesystem is strongly recommended with the WiredTiger storage engine
強(qiáng)烈建議使用帶WiredTiger存儲(chǔ)引擎的XFS文件系統(tǒng)
WARNING:Access control is not enabled for the database.
意思是：未對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)啟用訪(fǎng)問(wèn)控制，對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)和配置的讀寫(xiě)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)不受限制
解決方法：開(kāi)啟數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的認(rèn)證就可以解決
在配置文件mongod.conf中開(kāi)啟，如下：
security:
authorization: enabled
WARNING:/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.
#cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
[always] madvise never
關(guān)閉命令：
#echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
WARNING:/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.
將/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag設(shè)置為never
#cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
[always] madvise never
關(guān)閉命令：
echo never >/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
WARNING:soft rlimits too low. rlimits set to 1024 processes, 64000 files. Number of processes should be at least 32000
設(shè)置ulimit
vi /etc/security/limits.conf
mongod soft nofile 64000
mongod hard nofile 64000
mongod soft nproc 32000
mongod hard nproc 32000
重啟mongodb服務(wù)后重新登陸
[root@Centos-2 mongodb]# ./bin/mongo
MongoDB shell version v3.4.6
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017
MongoDB server version: 3.4.6
> show databases;
admin 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
> show dbs; #查看當(dāng)前的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
admin 0.000GB #管理數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
local 0.000GB
以上就是Mongodb數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)基礎(chǔ)入門(mén)知識(shí)有哪些，小編相信有部分知識(shí)點(diǎn)可能是我們?nèi)粘９ぷ鲿?huì)見(jiàn)到或用到的。希望你能通過(guò)這篇文章學(xué)到更多知識(shí)。更多詳情敬請(qǐng)關(guān)注創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)行業(yè)資訊頻道。
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