本篇內(nèi)容介紹了“數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)結(jié)構(gòu)同步ElasticSearch索引對(duì)象”的有關(guān)知識(shí)，在實(shí)際案例的操作過程中，不少人都會(huì)遇到這樣的困境，接下來就讓小編帶領(lǐng)大家學(xué)習(xí)一下如何處理這些情況吧！希望大家仔細(xì)閱讀，能夠?qū)W有所成！
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由于業(yè)務(wù)的特點(diǎn)有時(shí)候數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)需要復(fù)雜的查詢邏輯才能得到，由于數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)本身對(duì)于復(fù)雜查詢的支持不足，那么把數(shù)據(jù)同步到能力中間件就成了常用的解決方案，而同步到Elasticsearch就是其中一種。
我們使用的數(shù)據(jù)源是MySQL，選擇同步到ES，想法是通過訂閱Binlog實(shí)現(xiàn)，減少侵入性。 解決方案其實(shí)也有一些，比如：go-mysql-elasticsearch、canal、gravity
然而這些方案通常只支持1對(duì)1建索引，也就是一張表一個(gè)索引，而數(shù)據(jù)表中的1對(duì)1和1對(duì)多關(guān)系則無法在索引中體體現(xiàn)。而業(yè)務(wù)中又常需要這種關(guān)系。因此綜合考慮還是基于gravity做個(gè)插件。
gravity是摩拜開源的數(shù)據(jù)同步中間件，目前數(shù)據(jù)源支持：MySql和Mongo，TiDB和PostgreSQL在開發(fā)中，同步目標(biāo)支持：MySQL/TiDB和Kafka，Elasticsearch還在bate階段，并且支持6.
項(xiàng)目地址：gravity 歡迎star ：）。
同步策略
支持主表及一對(duì)一和一對(duì)多字表的同步，可以同步到一個(gè)索引結(jié)構(gòu)中。
一對(duì)一關(guān)系支持以平鋪或子對(duì)象形式同步。
支持ES版本：6、7
例如有四張表：student、student_class、student_detail、student_parent 其中student是學(xué)生表（主表），student_class學(xué)生班級(jí)（一對(duì)一子表），student_detail學(xué)生詳情（一對(duì)一子表），student_parent學(xué)生父母（一對(duì)多子表）。student_class使用子對(duì)象形式同步，student_detail使用平鋪形式同步。
Sql腳本如下：
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`; CREATE TABLE `student` ( `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL, `name` varchar(64) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `birthday` date NOT NULL DEFAULT '1970-01-01', `high` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `sex` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1', `create_time` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; -- ---------------------------- -- Records of student -- ---------------------------- BEGIN; INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (1, '張三', '2010-02-05', 156, 1, '2019-08-29 19:55:36'); INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (2, '李四', '2010-03-05', 176, 2, '2019-08-29 19:55:36'); INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (3, '王平', '2010-03-05', 176, 2, '2019-08-29 20:09:03'); COMMIT; -- ---------------------------- -- Table structure for student_class -- ---------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student_class`; CREATE TABLE `student_class` ( `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL, `student_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `student_count` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; -- ---------------------------- -- Records of student_class -- ---------------------------- BEGIN; INSERT INTO `student_class` VALUES (1, 1, '一(1)班', 32); INSERT INTO `student_class` VALUES (2, 2, '二(2)班', 12); COMMIT; -- ---------------------------- -- Table structure for student_detail -- ---------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student_detail`; CREATE TABLE `student_detail` ( `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL, `student_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `introduce` varchar(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `mobile` varchar(64) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; -- ---------------------------- -- Records of student_detail -- ---------------------------- BEGIN; INSERT INTO `student_detail` VALUES (1, 1, '張三介紹', '18888888888'); INSERT INTO `student_detail` VALUES (2, 2, '李四介紹', '13333333333'); COMMIT; -- ---------------------------- -- Table structure for student_parent -- ---------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student_parent`; CREATE TABLE `student_parent` ( `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL, `student_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `birthday` date NOT NULL DEFAULT '1970-01-01', `sex` tinyint(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1', `create_time` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; -- ---------------------------- -- Records of student_parent -- ---------------------------- BEGIN; INSERT INTO `student_parent` VALUES (1, 1, '張三父親', '1980-02-02', 1, '2019-08-29 20:00:58'); INSERT INTO `student_parent` VALUES (2, 1, '張三母親', '1982-07-07', 2, '2019-08-29 20:00:58'); INSERT INTO `student_parent` VALUES (3, 2, '李四父親', '1979-03-03', 1, '2019-08-29 20:00:58'); INSERT INTO `student_parent` VALUES (4, 2, '李四母親', '1981-06-06', 2, '2019-08-29 20:00:58'); COMMIT;
同步配置如下：
# name 必填 name = "mysql2esmodelDemo" # 內(nèi)部用于保存位點(diǎn)、心跳等事項(xiàng)的庫(kù)名，默認(rèn)為 _gravity internal-db-name = "_gravity" # # Input 插件的定義，此處定義使用 mysql # [input] type = "mysql" mode = "replication" [input.config.source] host = "192.168.1.148" username = "root" password = "mysqldev" port = 3306 max-idle = 10 max-open = 10 [output] type = "esmodel" [output.config] # 忽略 400（bad request）返回 # 當(dāng)索引名不規(guī)范、解析錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，Elasticsearch 會(huì)返回 400 錯(cuò)誤 # 默認(rèn)為 false，即遇到失敗時(shí)會(huì)拋出異常，必須人工處理。設(shè)置為 true 時(shí)會(huì)忽略這些請(qǐng)求 ignore-bad-request = true # # 目標(biāo)端 Elasticsearch 配置 # - 必選 # [output.config.server] # 連接的 Elasticsearch 地址，必選 urls = ["http://192.168.1.152:9200"] # 是否進(jìn)行節(jié)點(diǎn)嗅探，默認(rèn)為 false sniff = false # 超時(shí)時(shí)間，默認(rèn)為 1000ms timeout = 500 # # 目標(biāo)端鑒權(quán)配置 # - 可選 # [output.config.server.auth] username = "" password = "" [[output.config.routes]] match-schema = "test" # 主表 match-table = "student" #索引名 index-name="student_index" #類型名，es7該項(xiàng)無效 type-name="student" #分片數(shù) shards-num=1 #副本數(shù) replicas-num=0 #失敗重試次數(shù) retry-count=3 #包含的列，默認(rèn)全部 include-column = [] #排除的列，默認(rèn)沒有 exclude-column = [] # 列名轉(zhuǎn)義策略 [output.config.routes.convert-column] name = "studentName" [[output.config.routes.one-one]] match-schema = "test" match-table = "student_detail" #外鍵列 fk-column = "student_id" #包含的列，默認(rèn)全部 include-column = [] #排除的列，默認(rèn)沒有 exclude-column = [] # 模式，1：子對(duì)象，2索引平鋪 mode = 2 # 屬性對(duì)象名，模式為1時(shí)有效，默認(rèn)為源表名駝峰結(jié)構(gòu) property-name = "studentDetail" # 屬性前綴，模式為2時(shí)有效，默認(rèn)為源表名駝峰結(jié)構(gòu) property-pre = "sd_" [output.config.routes.one-one.convert-column] introduce = "introduceInfo" [[output.config.routes.one-one]] match-schema = "test" match-table = "student_class" #外鍵列 fk-column = "student_id" #包含的列，默認(rèn)全部 include-column = [] #排除的列，默認(rèn)沒有 exclude-column = [] # 模式，1：子對(duì)象，2索引平鋪 mode = 1 # 屬性對(duì)象名，模式為1時(shí)有效，默認(rèn)為源表名駝峰結(jié)構(gòu) property-name = "studentClass" # 屬性前綴，模式為2時(shí)有效，默認(rèn)為源表名駝峰結(jié)構(gòu) property-pre = "sc_" [output.config.routes.one-one.convert-column] name = "className" [[output.config.routes.one-more]] match-schema = "test" match-table = "student_parent" #外鍵列 fk-column = "student_id" #包含的列，默認(rèn)全部 include-column = [] #排除的列，默認(rèn)沒有 exclude-column = [] # 屬性對(duì)象名，默認(rèn)為源表名駝峰結(jié)構(gòu) property-name = "studentParent" [output.config.routes.one-more.convert-column] name = "parentName"
到項(xiàng)目根目錄make編譯，執(zhí)行同步命令
./bin/gravity -config ./docs/2.0/example-mysql2esmodel.toml
同步后索引結(jié)構(gòu)為：
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{
"state": "open",
"settings": {
"index": {
"creation_date": "1567160065596",
"number_of_shards": "1",
"number_of_replicas": "0",
"uuid": "noe_V-RdTr6QaFDy4fPRjA",
"version": {
"created": "7030199"
},
"provided_name": "student_index"
}
},
"mappings": {
"_doc": {
"properties": {
"birthday": {
"type": "date"
},
"studentParent": {
"type": "nested",
"properties": {
"birthday": {
"type": "date"
},
"parentName": {
"type": "text",
"fields": {
"keyword": {
"ignore_above": 256,
"type": "keyword"
}
}
},
"create_time": {
"type": "date"
},
"sex": {
"type": "long"
},
"student_id": {
"type": "long"
},
"id": {
"type": "long"
}
}
},
"high": {
"type": "long"
},
"create_time": {
"type": "date"
},
"sex": {
"type": "long"
},
"studentName": {
"type": "text",
"fields": {
"keyword": {
"ignore_above": 256,
"type": "keyword"
}
}
},
"sd_student_id": {
"type": "long"
},
"introduceInfo": {
"type": "text",
"fields": {
"keyword": {
"ignore_above": 256,
"type": "keyword"
}
}
},
"sd_id": {
"type": "long"
},
"id": {
"type": "long"
},
"sd_mobile": {
"type": "text",
"fields": {
"keyword": {
"ignore_above": 256,
"type": "keyword"
}
}
},
"studentClass": {
"properties": {
"sc_id": {
"type": "long"
},
"className": {
"type": "text",
"fields": {
"keyword": {
"ignore_above": 256,
"type": "keyword"
}
}
},
"sc_student_count": {
"type": "long"
},
"sc_student_id": {
"type": "long"
}
}
}
}
}
}
}數(shù)據(jù)樣例為：
{
"_index": "student_index",
"_type": "_doc",
"_id": "2",
"_version": 5,
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"studentClass": {
"className": "二(2)班",
"sc_id": 2,
"sc_student_count": 12,
"sc_student_id": 2
},
"sd_student_id": 2,
"introduceInfo": "李四介紹",
"sd_id": 2,
"sd_mobile": "13333333333",
"studentParent": [
{
"birthday": "1981-06-06T00:00:00+08:00",
"parentName": "李四母親",
"create_time": "2019-08-29T20:00:58+08:00",
"sex": 2,
"student_id": 2,
"id": 4
},
{
"birthday": "1979-03-03T00:00:00+08:00",
"parentName": "李四父親",
"create_time": "2019-08-29T20:00:58+08:00",
"sex": 1,
"student_id": 2,
"id": 3
}
],
"birthday": "2010-03-05T00:00:00+08:00",
"high": 176,
"create_time": "2019-08-29T19:55:36+08:00",
"sex": 2,
"studentName": "李四",
"id": 2
}
}“數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)結(jié)構(gòu)同步ElasticSearch索引對(duì)象”的內(nèi)容就介紹到這里了，感謝大家的閱讀。如果想了解更多行業(yè)相關(guān)的知識(shí)可以關(guān)注創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)網(wǎng)站，小編將為大家輸出更多高質(zhì)量的實(shí)用文章！
